KUMAMOTO EARTHQUAKE (review)

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1 平成 28 年熊本地震 KUMAMOTO EARTHQUAKE (review) Miroslav Hallo 1 ミロスラヴハロー 1 Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Czech Republic, チェコ

Overview 2 Shallow earthquake sequence in central Kyushu M JMA 6.5 foreshock on April 14 th 2016 M JMA 7.3 mainshock on April 16 th 2016 Maximum intensity 7 during both shocks 49 killed, 1 missing, and cca 1000 wounded people Long zone of surface ruptures

Tectonics and geologic setting 3 Figures from: Kato, A., Nakamura, K.,Hiyama, Y., (2016): The 2016 Kumamoto earthquake sequence, Proc. Jpn. Acad., Ser. B 92.

Tectonics and geologic setting 4 Figures from: Matsumoto, S., Nakao, S., Ohkura, T., Miyazaki, M., Shimizu, H., Abe, Y., Inoue, H., Nakamoto, M., Yoshikawa, S., Yamashita, Y., (2015): Spatial heterogeneities in tectonic stress in Kyushu, Japan and their relation to a major shear zone, Earth, Planets and Space 67:172.

Tectonics and geologic setting 5 Figure from: Okumura, K. (2016): Kumamoto earthquake: a complex earthquake sequence with large strike-slip ruptures, ONLINE: http://home.hiroshimau.ac.jp/kojiok/kumamoto2016koreport2.pdf

Tectonics and geologic setting 6 Figure from: Geological map of Japan 1:200,000, Kumamoto, Geological Survey of Japan, AIST.

Temporal-spatial distribution of Kumamoto seq. 7 Figure from: Asano, K., Iwata, T. (2016): Source rupture processes of the foreshock and mainshock in the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake sequence estimated from the kinematic waveform inversion of strong motion data, Earth, Planets and Space 68:147.

Temporal-spatial distribution of Kumamoto seq. 8 Figures from: Kato, A., Fukuda, J., Nakagawa, S., Kazushige, O. (2016): Foreshock migration preceding the 2016 Mw 7.0 Kumamoto earthquake, Japan, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 8945-8953.

Figure from: Stein, R., Toda, S., (2016): How a M=6 earthquake triggered a deadly M=7 in Japan, IRIDeS, Tohoku University, ONLINE: http://temblor.net/earthquakeinsights/how-a-m6-earthquake-triggered-a-deadly-m7-in-japan-1304/. Temporal-spatial distribution of Kumamoto seq. 9

Moment tensor solutions 10 Figure from: NIED (2016), Network center for Earthquake, Tsunami and Volcano. Figure from: Asano, K., Iwata, T. (2016): Source rupture processes of the foreshock and mainshock in the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake sequence estimated from the kinematic waveform inversion of strong motion data, Earth, Planets and Space 68:147.

Seismic intensity by mainshock M7.3 11 Figure from: The Headquarters for Earthquake Research Promotion ONLINE: http://www.jishin.go.jp/main/index-e.html.

Instrumental PGA by mainshock M7.3 12 Figure from: The Headquarters for Earthquake Research Promotion ONLINE: http://www.jishin.go.jp/main/index-e.html.

PGA and PGV by mainshock M7.3 13 Figure from: The Headquarters for Earthquake Research Promotion ONLINE: http://www.jishin.go.jp/main/index-e.html.

Source rupture processes 14 Figure from: Asano, K., Iwata, T. (2016): Source rupture processes of the foreshock and mainshock in the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake sequence estimated from the kinematic waveform inversion of strong motion data, Earth, Planets and Space 68:147.

Source rupture processes of foreshock M6.5 15 Figure from: Asano, K., Iwata, T. (2016): Source rupture processes of the foreshock and mainshock in the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake sequence estimated from the kinematic waveform inversion of strong motion data, Earth, Planets and Space 68:147.

Source rupture processes of mainshock M7.3 16 Figure from: Asano, K., Iwata, T. (2016): Source rupture processes of the foreshock and mainshock in the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake sequence estimated from the kinematic waveform inversion of strong motion data, Earth, Planets and Space 68:147.

Source rupture processes of mainshock M7.3 17 Figure from: Asano, K., Iwata, T. (2016): Source rupture processes of the foreshock and mainshock in the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake sequence estimated from the kinematic waveform inversion of strong motion data, Earth, Planets and Space 68:147.

Source rupture processes of mainshock M7.3 18 Figure from: Kubo, H., Suzuki, W., Aoi, S., Sekiguchi, H. (2016): Source rupture processes of the 2016 Kumamoto, Japan, earthquakes estimated from strong-motion waveforms, Earth, Planets and Space 68:161.

Source rupture processes of mainshock M7.3 19 Figure from: Kubo, H., Suzuki, W., Aoi, S., Sekiguchi, H. (2016): Source rupture processes of the 2016 Kumamoto, Japan, earthquakes estimated from strong-motion waveforms, Earth, Planets and Space 68:161.

20 Cumulative surface 3D displacement based on ALOS-2/PALSAR-2 pixel-offset Figure from: Himematsu, Y., Furuya, M. (2016): Fault source model for the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake sequence based on ALOS-2/PALSAR-2 pixel-offset data: evidence for dynamic slip partitioning, Earth, Planets and Space 68:169.

21 Cumulative surface 3D displacement based on ALOS-2/PALSAR-2 pixel-offset Figure from: Himematsu, Y., Furuya, M. (2016): Fault source model for the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake sequence based on ALOS-2/PALSAR-2 pixel-offset data: evidence for dynamic slip partitioning, Earth, Planets and Space 68:169.

Two parallel active faults (normal + strike-slip) 22 Figure from: Toda, S., Ishimura, D., Yoshida, H., IRIDeS NEWs, Tohoku University, ONLINE: http://irides.tohoku.ac.jp/irides-news/20160425/969.

Faults geometry 23 Figure from: The Headquarters for Earthquake Research Promotion ONLINE: http://www.jishin.go.jp/main/index-e.html.

Figure from: Okumura, K. (2016): Kumamoto earthquake: a complex earthquake sequence with large strike-slip ruptures, ONLINE: http://home.hiroshimau.ac.jp/kojiok/kumamoto2016koreport2.pdf Faults geometry 24

Figure from: Okumura, K. (2016): Kumamoto earthquake: a complex earthquake sequence with large strike-slip ruptures, ONLINE: http://home.hiroshimau.ac.jp/kojiok/kumamoto2016koreport2.pdf Faults geometry 25

Figure from: Okumura, K. (2016): Kumamoto earthquake: a complex earthquake sequence with large strike-slip ruptures, ONLINE: http://home.hiroshimau.ac.jp/kojiok/kumamoto2016koreport2.pdf Faults geometry 26

How M6.5 earthquake triggered M7.3 27 Coulomb stress imparted by the rupture as a result of the M6.5 shock Figure from: Stein, R., Toda, S., (2016): How a M=6 earthquake triggered a deadly M=7 in Japan, IRIDeS, Tohoku University, ONLINE: http://temblor.net/earthquakeinsights/how-a-m6-earthquaketriggered-a-deadly-m7-in-japan- 1304/.

How M6.5 earthquake triggered M7.3 28 Coulomb stress imparted by the mainshock ruptures to the surrounding crust as a result of the combined M6.5 and M7.3 shocks Figure from: Stein, R., Toda, S., (2016): How a M=6 earthquake triggered a deadly M=7 in Japan, IRIDeS, Tohoku University, ONLINE: http://temblor.net/earthquake-insights/how-am6-earthquake-triggered-a-deadly-m7-injapan-1304/.

29 Coseismic rupturing of mainshock M7.3 stoped by Aso volcano Figure from: Lin, A., Satsukawa, T., Wang, M., Asl, Z.M., Fueta, R., Nakajima, F., Coseismic rupturing stopped by Aso volcano during the 2016 Mw 7.1 Kumamoto earthquake, Japan, Science 10.1126/science.aah4629 (2016).

30 Coseismic rupturing of mainshock M7.3 stoped by Aso volcano Figure from: Lin, A., Satsukawa, T., Wang, M., Asl, Z.M., Fueta, R., Nakajima, F., Coseismic rupturing stopped by Aso volcano during the 2016 Mw 7.1 Kumamoto earthquake, Japan, Science 10.1126/science.aah4629 (2016).

Figure from: Lin, A., Satsukawa, T., Wang, M., Asl, Z.M., Fueta, R., Nakajima, F., Coseismic rupturing stopped by Aso volcano during the 2016 Mw 7.1 Kumamoto earthquake, Japan, Science 10.1126/science.aah4629 (2016). Coseismic rupturing of mainshock M7.3 stoped by Aso volcano 31

32 Coseismic rupturing of mainshock M7.3 stoped by Aso volcano Figure from: Lin, A., Satsukawa, T., Wang, M., Asl, Z.M., Fueta, R., Nakajima, F., Coseismic rupturing stopped by Aso volcano during the 2016 Mw 7.1 Kumamoto earthquake, Japan, Science 10.1126/science.aah4629 (2016).

33 Research in DPRI, Kyoto Moment tensors by ISOLA- ObsPy of the foreshocks. Including uncertainty of the GF by means of covariance matrix. Data from NIED strongmotion networks K-net (surface) and KiK-net (surface + downhole).

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