Animal Adaptations Notes Characteristics of Animals Animals are in Kingdom a. b. eukaryotic c. cells lack. do not have a backbone. Ex. do have a backbone. Ex. Animals survive by doing the following essential functions: a. b. c. d. e. f. Trends in Animal Evolution COMPLEX animals tend to have many trends. Body Symmetry a. -- All parts are equal no matter where you draw a line b. -- 2 equal sides the concentration of sense organs & nerve cells at the front end of the body (ex: ) Invertebrate Form & Function Invertebrates have 1 of 3 main kinds of skeletal systems:
Most invertebrates reproduce during at least part of their life cycle Depending on, however, many invertebrates may also reproduce Controlling Body Temperature : The control of is important for vertebrates. Particularly in habitats where with time of day and with. Ex: - the body temperature is determined by the temperature of the the animals pick from, or to, their environment. Examples: - an animal whose controlled from within They can generate & retain heat Examples: Vertebrate/Chordate Form & Function *Examples of chordates: *Most chordates are vertebrates. There are 2 exceptions: &. Chordate Forms & Functions: Respiration: o As a general rule, chordates (tunicates, fishes, & larvae) use for respiration. o vertebrates (adult amphibians, reptiles, birds, & ) use. o Response: o Non-vertebrate chordates have a nervous system. o Vertebrates have a more complex. Structure/Movement: o The & systems support a vertebrate s body & make it possible to control movement
Reproduction: o Almost all chordates reproduce. Elements of Behavior (Chapter 27.1 & 27.2) What is behavior? o Ex: A is any kind of signal that carries info & can be detected. A is a single, specific reaction to a stimulus. Behavioral responses to stimuli may be. o Detecting and responding to stimuli is key to an. tell an animal what is occurring in its. o Types: and give an animal information about its surroundings. o Types:,, When an to a stimulus, (including sense organs, nervous system, & muscles), interact to produce the Innate Behavior What is innate behavior? Innate behaviors appear in form the time they are performed, even though the animal may not have had any previous experience with the.
Learned Behavior behavior develops. o They are sometimes called behaviors. The 4 Major Types of Learning Behaviors 1. -when an animal decreases or stops its response to a that neither rewards nor harms the Examples 2. - when an animal makes a mental connection between a & some kind of 3. - when an animal in a certain way through, in order to receive a & reinforcement 4 - (reasoning) - occurs when an animal applies something it has to a new without a Imprinting - involves both innate & learned behavior o Young animals have an innate urge to follow the, but are what that object will look like Patterns of Behavior Behavioral Cycles Many animals respond to periodic changes in the or of behavior - the periodic from to another & then. What are circadian rhythms? Why do animals hibernate?
Social Behavior: Often members of a society are to one another. Share a large proportion of each other s. Helping relatives chances genes will be passed along to. Animal societies enhance the success of individual members. Courtship: Courtship behavior is part of an overall strategy that helps animals identify healthy, To pass along genes, they need to reproduce sexually. Individuals send out stimuli (like sounds, visual displays, or chemicals) to attract a mate. o Examples: Competition & Aggression What is a territory? When 2 or more animals try to claim, such as a, occurs. During competition, animals may also show - behavior that one animal uses to gain over another Communication The passing of from one to another Animals may use,,, or to communicate with one another : a system of communication that combines sounds, symbols, or gestures according to order & meaning (grammar & syntax) The most form of communication is