Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT) Bob Hwang Co-Director, Sandia National Laboratories

Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT) Bob Hwang Co-Director, Sandia National Laboratories

Department of Energy Nanoscience Centers Molecular Foundry Center for Nanoscale Materials Center for Functional Nanomaterials Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences

Access to extensive facilities at LANL and Sandia Microelectronics Development Lab & MESA Biosciences National High Magnetic Field Lab Compound Semiconductor Research Lab Lujan Neutron Scattering Center 20 nm Synthesis, Characterization, & Theory

CINT Milestones in last year CINT at full operations (Core and Gateway) 1st BES review of operations (April, 2007) Permanent CINT management team (Oct. 2007)

CINT s focus is on Nanoscience Integration The science of nanomaterials integration Combining diverse nanomaterials together into composite structures across length scales and into nanosystems to discover, understand, and design materials with novel properties and performance. Bi-functional materials Metal Semiconductor Directed assembly Active nanosystems Microtubules + Motor Proteins Co CdSe Nanocomposite materials Nanowire arrays 10,000 element 2D mechanical lattice 10 nm Combining ferromagnetic & semiconducting behavior Nanoscale inhomgeneities Engineered nanocomposites Switchable metamaterials 500 nm Nanomechanical arrays Length scale 5 Nano Micro

Science Thrusts Nanophotonics & Optical Nanomaterials Synthesis, excitation and energy transformations of optically active nanomaterials and collective or emergent electromagnetic phenomena (plasmonics, metamaterials, photonic lattices) Nanoscale Electronics, Mechanics & Systems Control of electronic transport and wavefunctions, and mechanical coupling and properties using nanomaterials and integrated nanosystems Soft, Biological, & Composite Nanomaterials Solution-based materials synthesis and assembly of soft, composite and artificial bio-mimetic nanosystems (a) (b) Theory & Simulation of Nanoscale Phenomena Assembly, interfacial interactions, and emergent properties of nanoscale systems, including their electronic, magnetic, and optical properties (c) (d)

CINT Nanoscience Integration Challenges Energy Transfer What are the fundamental limits and enabling principles that will enable us to integrate nanoscale heterostructures into systems that detect, transfer, and transduce energy with extreme sensitivity and efficiency? SEM of actual device 1 mm 1-D tunneling in Double Quantum Wires Emergent Properties What are the collective properties of composite nanoscale systems that cannot be predicted in terms of the individual constituents How can we design integrated nanoscale systems with desired behaviors?

Addressing CINT Challenge in Energy Transfer: Electrically Driven Energy-Transfer LED >10% color-conversion efficiency ( ) Ti/Al/Ni/Au n-type contact Pd/Au EL intensity (arb. units) 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 400 QW 450 500 550 600 Wavelength (nm) NC 650 700 Absorption/re-emission: Nonradiative ET: M. Achermann et. al. Nature (2004) M. Achermann, M. A. Petruska, D. D. Koleske, M. H. Crawford, V. I. Klimov, Nano Lett. 6, 1396 (2006) Common p-type 300 m contact Future work: IR Energy-transfer LED (III-V QWs & lead-salt NCs) PV structures utilizing ET from NCs to QW with Nanosystems Thrust 8

Nanowires Synthesis, Properties, & Integration Semiconductor nanomaterials will enable previously unattainable control of electronic properties for integrated nanosystems Growth of electronic Si, Ge and Si/Ge nanowires Tom Picraux (LANL), Sean Hearne, Alec Talin (SNL) Integration by directed assembly Nanowire sensing Electrodeposition to embed NWs Nanoimprint-formed Si NWs (a) (b) Al Al 200 m 3 m Ge NWs SiGe alloy NWs Si/Ge axial heterostructured NW (c) 600nm (d) 200nm Si NW SiO 2 Si Vertical array geometry Potential impact Assembled array V g is proportional to e- donating/withdraing character of analyte molecules (Hammett parameter σ p ) Nitrobenzene, σ p = 0.78 Phenol σ p = -0.37; Energy applications: high efficiency thermoelectrics National security: ultra sensitive chem/bio sensors Industrial competitiveness: future nanoscale electronic and photonic devices NH NH 3 NH 3 NH 3 NH 3 3 OH NH 3 NH NH 3 3 NO 2 9

CINT Thrust Leaders Nanoscale Electronics, Mechanics & Systems Nanophotonics & Optical Nanomaterials Soft, Biological & Composite Nanomaterials Theory & Simulation of Nanoscale Phenomena Mike Lilly Victor Klimov Bruce Bunker Sasha Balatsky Mike Nastasi Igal Brener Andy Shreve Mark Stevens 10

Discovery Platforms TM Standardized modular, micro-laboratories designed and batch fabricated for: l Integrating nano and micro length scales l Studying properties of nanoscale materials and devices l Directly accessing wide range of CINT characterization tools Electrical Transport & Optical Spectroscopy Platform Cantilever Array Platform 3.5 mm 1.5 mm Hybrid Discovery modules Integration base Discovery Platforms TM are fabricated in MESA Chip Interconnect carrier 11

Discovery Platform coupling of techniques - unprecedented understanding Energy Transfer in nanomaterial systems Synthesize nanowire Manipulate nanowire to platform Structural & chemical characterization 300x10-6 200 Current (A) 100 0 nw a -100 nw b nw c -200 nw a, 600C nw b, 600C -300 nw c, 600C -1.0-0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 Bias (V) Electrical & Optical characterization

Vibrant User Community NSRCs are Science-based User Facilities Outstanding User program developed from Outstanding Science Program 13

CINT s s User Calls 2006 Call for User Proposals 176 proposals (129 accepted, 73%) 32 States 10 Foreign Countries 2007 Call for User Proposals 101 proposals 79 accepted, 78% success rate Jump Start Program Total requests: 257 Approved: 36 (2003) 32 (2004) 21 (2005) 14