California Biology Handbook........................... CA1 The California Biology Handbook includes correlations of the Biology/Life Science standards to the content in Biology: The Dynamics of Life. Also included is a weekly standards practice to help master the content standards. Chapter 1 Biology: The Study of Life... 2 of life and scientific methods 1.1 What is biology?............. 3 1.2 The Methods of Biology...... 11 1.3 The Nature of Biology....... 19 Unit 1 Review Test Practice...... 30 Unit 1 Labs 24 6, 14, 22 16, 20 Chapter 2 Principles of Ecology..... 34 What You ll Learn: The aspects of an organism s environment and how energy flows through an ecosystem 2.1 Organisms and Their Environment.......... 35 2.2 Nutrition and Energy Flow.... 46 Chapter 3 Communities and Biomes... 64 What You ll Learn: What determines where species live and the different biomes of Earth 3.1 Communities................ 65 3.2 Biomes..................... 70 Chapter 4 Population Biology....... 90 What You ll Learn: What controls population growth and issues in human population growth 4.1 Population Dynamics......... 91 4.2 Human Population.......... 100 Chapter 5 Biological Diversity and Conservation.......... 110 What You ll Learn: What biodiversity is and how it is endangered and conserved 5.1 Vanishing Species........... 111 5.2 Conservation of Biodiversity................ 121 Unit 2 Review Test Practice........ 132 Unit 2 Labs 58 Investigate s 84, 104 126 36, 54, 67, 73, 92, 102, 112, 122 37, 50, 68, 72, 95, 101, 115, 124 Units 1 2 52, 53, 71, 118, 119 A coral reef, p. 116 vii Steve Wolper/DRK Photo
Unit 3 Labs 164 Investigate s 188, 214 238 151, 155, 173, 182, 198, 209, 226, 228, 236 145, 154, 176, 180, 203, 204, 212, 222, 235 Chapter 6 The Chemistry of Life.... 140 What You ll Learn: What an atom is, the importance of water, and the role of carbon compounds in organisms 6.1 Atoms and Their Interactions.............. 141 6.2 Water and Diffusion....... 152 6.3 Life Substances........... 157 Chapter 7 A View of the Cell....... 170 What You ll Learn: All the parts of a cell and how eukaryotes differ from prokaryotes 7.1 The Discovery of Cells...... 171 7.2 The Plasma Membrane..... 175 7.3 Eukaryotic Cell Structure.... 179 Chapter 8 Cellular Transport and the Cell Cycle........... 194 What You ll Learn: How molecules enter a cell and how a cell divides 8.1 Cellular Transport........... 195 8.2 Cell Growth and Reproduction............. 201 8.3 Control of the Cell Cycle.... 211 Chapter 9 Energy in a Cell......... 220 What You ll Learn: The importance of ATP to life 9.1 The Need for Energy....... 221 9.2 Photosynthesis: Trapping the Sun s Energy............ 225 9.3 Getting Energy to Make ATP.............. 231 An arctic fox, p. 321 Unit 4 Labs 330 Investigate s 302, 354 274 254, 268, 293, 300, 310, 327, 343, 350 262, 264, 283, 291, 299, 311, 318, 326, 339, 347, 353 Units 3 6 146, 148, 152, 153, 171, 177, 185, 296, 369, 493, 515 Unit 3 Review Test Practice........ 244 Chapter 10 Mendel and Meiosis..... 252 What You ll Learn: The basic concepts of genetics and how a cell forms gametes 10.1 Mendel s Laws of Heredity............... 253 10.2 Meiosis.................. 263 Chapter 11 DNA and Genes........ 280 function of DNA and how mutations affect this fundamental molecule 11.1 DNA: The Molecule of Heredity............... 281 11.2 From DNA to Protein....... 288 11.3 Genetic Changes............ 296 Chapter 12 Patterns of Heredity and Human Genetics......... 308 What You ll Learn: How traits are inherited 12.1 Mendelian Inheritance of Human Traits........... 309 12.2 When Heredity Follows Different Rules............ 315 12.3 Complex Inheritance of Human Traits............... 323 Chapter 13 Genetic Technology..... 336 What You ll Learn: How the inheritance of genes can be altered to benefit human life 13.1 Applied Genetics.......... 337 13.2 Recombinant DNA Technology............... 341 13.3 The Human Genome....... 349 Unit 4 Review Test Practice....... 360 viii Eastcott/Momatiuk/Animals Animals
Chapter 14 The History of Life....... 368 What You ll Learn: The connection between fossils and the geologic time scale and some theories concerning the origin of life 14.1 The Record of Life......... 369 14.2 The Origin of Life........... 380 Chapter 15 The Theory of Evolution... 392 What You ll Learn: The evidences for how different life forms may have changed over time 15.1 Natural Selection and the Evidence for Evolution..... 393 15.2 Mechanisms of Evolution... 404 Chapter 16 Primate Evolution....... 420 of primates and evidences for the ancestry of humans 16.1 Primate Adaptation and Evolution................. 421 16.2 Human Ancestry............ 428 Chapter 17 Organizing Life s Diversity............. 442 What You ll Learn: How organisms are classified 17.1 Classification............. 443 17.2 The Six Kingdoms......... 450 Unit 5 Labs Investigate s 386, 436, 460 414 371, 376, 398, 407, 425, 429, 446, 453 372, 384, 397, 426, 433, 447, 456 Unit 5 Review Test Practice........ 466 Chapter 18 Viruses and Bacteria..... 474 What You ll Learn: The structure, reproduction, and importance of viruses and bacteria 18.1 Viruses.................. 475 18.2 Archaebacteria and Eubacteria............... 484 Chapter 19 Protists.............. 502 characteristics, and importance of protists 19.1 The World of Protists...... 503 19.2 Algae: Plantlike Protists.... 510 19.3 Slime Molds, Water Molds, and Downy Mildews....... 517 Chapter 20 Fungi................. 528 characteristics, and importance of fungi 20.1 What is a fungus?.......... 529 20.2 The Diversity of Fungi...... 535 Unit 6 Review Test Practice................ 550 Unit 6 Labs s 496, 522 544 476, 490, 506, 511, 530, 538 480, 492, 508, 514, 518, 534, 542 Geographic isolation, p. 409 ix
Clover fern, p. 584 St.-John s-wort, p. 642 Unit 7 Labs 570 Investigate 658 s 598, 626 561, 566, 586, 589, 608, 620, 634, 657 563, 567, 578, 584, 611, 619, 624, 640, 644 Units 7 8 564, 655, 727, 744 Chapter 21 What is a plant?......... 558 What You ll Learn: How plants are adapted to life on land and how they are classified 21.1 Adapting to Life on Land.... 559 21.2 Survey of the Plant Kingdom................. 564 Chapter 22 The Diversity of Plants... 576 and importance of plants 22.1 Nonvascular Plants.......... 577 22.2 Non-Seed Vascular Plants.... 581 22.3 Seed Plants............... 588 Sori, p. 586 Chapter 23 Plant Structure and Function........... 604 function of plant cells, tissues, and organs and how plants respond to their environment 23.1 Plant Cells and Tissues....... 605 23.2 Roots, Stems, and Leaves.... 612 23.3 Plant Responses........... 622 Chapter 24 Reproduction in Plants.... 632 What You ll Learn: The life cycles of different kinds of plants and the structure of a flower 24.1 Life Cycles of Mosses, Ferns, and Conifers.............. 633 24.2 Flowers and Flowering..... 641 24.3 The Life Cycle of a Flowering Plant............ 646 Unit 7 Review Test Practice................. 664 x (tl)inga Spence/Visuals Unlimited, (tr)dick Keene/Visuals Unlimited, (b)doug Martin
Chapter 25 What is an animal?....... 672 and development of animals 25.1 Typical Animal Characteristics............. 673 25.2 Body Plans and Adaptations........... 680 Chapter 26 Sponges, Cnidarians, Flatworms, and Roundworms........ 692 adaptations, and importance of simple invertebrates 26.1 Sponges................. 693 26.2 Cnidarians................. 698 26.3 Flatworms................. 706 26.4 Roundworms............. 711 Chapter 27 Mollusks and Segmented Worms................ 720 adaptations, and importance of mollusks and segmented worms 27.1 Mollusks................. 721 27.2 Segmented Worms......... 728 Chapter 28 Arthropods............ 740 adaptations, and importance of arthropods 28.1 Characteristics of Arthropods............... 741 28.2 Diversity of Arthropods..... 747 Chapter 29 Echinoderms and Invertebrate Chordates............. 762 adaptations, and importance of echinoderms and invertebrate chordates 29.1 Echinoderms.............. 763 29.2 Invertebrate Chordates.....770 Unit 8 Review Test Practice................. 782 Unit 8 Labs s 734, 756 Investigate s 714, 776 686 675, 683, 702, 712, 726, 730, 743, 754, 764, 773 676, 682, 695, 704, 707, 713, 724, 729, 746, 768, 775 A jellyfish, p. 782 xi Brian Parker/Tom Stack & Associates
A pickerel frog, p. 803 Unit 9 Labs 834 Investigate s 810, 874 852 795, 806, 827, 830, 843, 845, 860, 870 796, 831, 844, 867, 872 Chapter 30 Fishes and Amphibians... 792 adaptations, and importance of fishes and amphibians 30.1 Fishes..................... 793 30.2 Amphibians................ 803 Chapter 31 Reptiles and Birds...... 816 adaptations, and importance of reptiles and birds 31.1 Reptiles.................. 817 31.2 Birds...................... 826 Chapter 32 Mammals............. 840 adaptations, and importance of mammals 32.1 Mammal Characteristics..... 841 32.2 Diversity of Mammals...... 848 Chapter 33 Animal Behavior........ 858 What You ll Learn: The difference between innate and learned behavior 33.1 Innate Behavior........... 859 33.2 Learned Behavior.......... 868 Unit 9 Review Test Practice......... 880 xii Joe McDonald/DRK Photo
Chapter 34 Protection, Support, and Locomotion............ 892 function of skin, bones, and muscles 34.1 Skin: The Body s Protection... 893 34.2 Bones: The Body s Support... 899 34.3 Muscles for Locomotion..... 905 Chapter 35 The Digestive and Endocrine Systems............... 916 What You ll Learn: How food is digested and how hormones control body processes 35.1 Following Digestion of a Meal................... 917 35.2 Nutrition................. 924 35.3 The Endocrine System...... 929 Mushrooms of the genus Psilocybe, p. 962 Chapter 36 The Nervous System..... 942 What You ll Learn: How nerves control your senses and how your senses are affected by drugs 36.1 The Nervous System....... 943 36.2 The Senses............... 951 36.3 The Effects of Drugs........ 956 Chapter 37 Respiration, Circulation, and Excretion.......... 970 function of lungs, blood vessels, and the kidneys 37.1 The Respiratory System..... 971 37.2 The Circulatory System..... 975 37.3 The Urinary System........ 985 Chapter 38 Reproduction and Development.......... 994 function of reproductive systems and how a baby develops from a fertilized egg 38.1 Human Reproductive Systems................... 995 38.2 Development Before Birth... 1005 38.3 Birth, Growth, and Aging... 1012 Chapter 39 Immunity from Disease.............. 1022 What You ll Learn: How people contract diseases and how cells of the immune system fight infection 39.1 The Nature of Disease..... 1023 39.2 Defense Against Infectious Diseases................. 1031 Unit 10 Review Test Practice................ 1048 Unit 10 Labs s 910, 964 Investigate s 936, 988, 1016 1042 895, 907, 927, 934, 948, 959, 981, 987, 1006, 1010, 1028, 1035 896, 903, 906, 922, 928, 932, 954, 957, 973, 983, 1003, 1011, 1027, 1040 Color-enhanced TEM Magnification: 57 000 The virus that causes smallpox, p. 1044 Units 9 10 800, 828, 841, 843, 897, 899, 904, 907, 918, 946, 952, 971 xiii (l)matt Meadows/Peter Arnold, Inc., (r)o. Meckes/e.o.s./Gelderblom/Photo Researchers