U Mekong River Commission Regional Flood Management and Mitigation Centre Weekly Flood Situation Report for the Mekong River Basin Prepared on: 7//, covering the week from the th August to the th August Weather Patterns, General Behaviour of the Mekong River and Flood Situation General weather patterns During the week of th to th August U, four weather bulletins were issued by the Department of Meteorology (DOM) of Cambodia. The weather charts of the st August to the th August bulletins are presented in the figures below: Figure : Weather map for st August Figure : Weather map for th August South-West (SW) Monsoon Moderate SW monsoon prevailed over Amanda Sea and the Gulf of Thailand and was stationary in the whole last week (Figure and ). Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) was observed during last week. It swing from the North to central of Vietnam and Lao PDR during last week. Tropical depressions (TD), tropical storms (TS) or typhoons (TY) During last week, two Typhoon (TY) named TEMBIN () and BOLAVEN () were formed in the East of the Philippines on 9 th and th August, respectively. TEMBIN moved westward to the South of Taiwan while BOLAVEN moved northward to China, Korea and Japan. Figure 3 shows a Storm Track, Satellite image and weather chart of TAMBIN and BOLAVEN Typhoons. MRC Weekly Flood Situation Report Week th th August Page
MRC Weekly Flood Situation Report Week th th August Page
th Monday, 7 August Figure 3: Storm Track, Satellite image and weather chart of TAMBIN and BOLAVEN Typhoons Source: http://severe.worldweather.wmo.int/tc/wnp/ http://www.goes.noaa.gov/sohemi/shgmsvsw.jpg http://www.tmd.go.th/programs%cuploads%cmaps%c--7_topchart_7.jpg Other weather phenomena that affect the discharge No other weather phenomena affecting the discharge were observed. Overall weather situation A normal weather situation lasted during last week in the LMB. As a result of ITCZ and SW monsoon activity, scattered thunder shower with heavy rain occurred in the North, Northeast of Thailand, the Central of Lao PDR, the Central and South of Vietnam, in the East of Cambodia. Figure illustrates rainfall amount distribution over the LMB, covering 7 August, in which heavy rain was observed in some tributaries in the upper part of Luang Prabang, in the middle part of LMB from Paksane to Savannakhet. th th MRC Weekly Flood Situation Report Week August Page 3
Figure : Rainfall distribution over the LMB, from st August to the 7 th August General behaviour of the Mekong River Water levels at Chiang Sean till Nongkhai stations were recessing during last week and were around the long-term average for this time of the year, while those at Paksane till Thakhek were rising during last week above the long-term average for this time of the year by the influence of ITCZ that appeared during the reporting period. The rest were rising during last week below the long-term average for this time of the year. Regarding to stations in downstream at Tan Chau and Chau Doc, water levels at those stations showed a small rising trend in last week. These stations were recording levels that are below the longterm average for this time of the year. For stations from Chiang Saen to Paksane During the monitoring period, water levels in the mainstream of the Mekong at Chiang Saen till Nongkhai were recessing during last week around the long-term average for this time of the year, while water level MRC Weekly Flood Situation Report Week th th August Page
U at Paksane were rising above the long-term average for this time of the year due to heavy rain occurrence in their tributaries caused by ITCZ. For stations from Nakon Phanom/ Thakhek to Pakse Water levels at Nakon Phanom and Thakhek were stable at the beginning and then rising at the end of last week above the long-term average for this time of the year, while those at Mukdahan till Pakse were rising but below the long-term average for this time of the year. For stations from Stung Treng to Kompong Cham Water levels showed rising during last week due to heavy rainfall occurrence in the eastern part of Cambodia. These stations were recording levels that are below the long-term average for this time of the year at the end of last week. For stations from Phnom Penh to Koh Khel. Neak Luong Water levels at these stations were rising during last week. These stations were recording levels that were below the long-term average for this time of the year. Tan Chau and Chau Doc Water levels showed an increasing trend during last week. Both stations were recording levels that are below the long-term average for this time of the year and significantly affected by tidal effects. Note: for areas between forecast stations, please refer to the nearest forecast station. Flood Situation Flood stage or alarm stage: No alarm stage (where the forecast is expected to reach flood level within three days) was reported anywhere on the mainstream of the Mekong River during the past week. Water levels are still significantly below flood levels (as defined by the national agency) at all forecast stations. Damage or victims: No damage or loss of life due to river flooding was recorded anywhere along the Mekong River during the past week. For more details see the following annex: - tables and graphs for water level and rainfall for the last week in Annex A - a graph for accuracy in Annex B - a table of forecast achievement in Annex B - tables and graphs for performance in Annex B - the water level graphs showing the observed water level for the season in Annex C MRC Weekly Flood Situation Report Week th th August Page
Annex A: Graphs and Tables Table A: observed water levels unit in m Jinghong Chiang Saen Luang Prabang Chiang Khan Vientiane Nongkhai Paksane Nakhon Phanom Thakhek Mukdahan Savannakhet / 37.. 3..7. 9..3 9.. 9. 7.9..7 7. 7.33. 7..7..... / 37. 7.3 3.9.. 9.. 9.3. 9. 7.93 9.9. 7.3 7..73 7..7.....9 / 37.9 7.7.3.3 9..7. 9..3. 7.7 9.. 7... 7.3.7....7.3 3/ 37.9.3.. 9..3. 9...79 7.7 9.. 7.3..3 7.......7 / 37.3.9. 3.7 9..7.9 9..3. 7.7 9.7 7.9 7...3 7.3...97.3.. / 37.3. 3. 3....9 9.3..9 7. 9.7 7.9 7. 7.. 7.3..7.9.7.7.7 / 37.7.93 3.9. 9.9.. 9..3 9.. 9.9. 7.9 7.. 7..7.....7 7/ 37.7.73..3 9... 9..9 9.37.3..3 7. 7.9. 7......9.7 Flood level.. 7.....7.. 3.... 3.... 7.9... 3. Khong Chiam Pakse Stung Treng Kratie Kompong Cham Phnom Penh (Bassac) Phnom Penh Port Koh Khel Neak Luong Prek Kdam Tan Chau Chau Doc Table A: observed rainfall Unit in mm Jinghong Chiang Saen Luang Prabang Chiang Khan Vientiane Nongkhai Paksane Nakhon Phanom Thakhek Mukdahan Savannakhet / 9.....3. nr..... nr nr nr. nr - nr nr.3 nr - /.. nr. nr. 3...... nr.. nr.7 - nr nr nr nr - /.... nr. nr 3.3.... nr. nr. nr - nr 3. nr nr - 3/....3 3. 3...9....9 nr.. nr.3 -. 37. 7.. - /. 3. nr 3...3.... nr. nr. nr nr nr -.. nr. 3. /... 33...3..... 7.7 nr nr 7. nr nr - nr nr nr. - /.. 9. 7.3 7.. 9....3... nr...3 - nr nr nr nr 3. 7/.. nr. nr.. 7.3.9. 3..7. 3... nr -.3... - Khong Chiam Pakse Stung Treng Kratie Kompong Cham Phnom Penh (Bassac) Phnom Penh Port Koh Khel Neak Luong Prek Kdam Tan Chau Chau Doc Page MRC Weekly Flood Situation Report Week th th August
Figure A: Water level and rainfall for Jinghong, Chiang Saen, and Luang Prabang Chiang Saen Luang Prabang 3 Jinghong 3. / / / 3/ / / / 7/ / / / 3/ / / / 7/ / / / 3/ / hour rainfall at 7am (mm) / / / 3/ / / / 7/ / / / 3/ / / / 7/ / / / 3/ / Chiang Saen.... hour rainfall at 7am (mm) / / 7/ Luang Prabang 3 MRC Weekly Flood Situation Report Week th th August Page 7 hour rainfall at 7am (mm) / / 7/ Jinghong 3 3
Figure A: Water level and rainfall for Chiang Khan, Vientiane, Nongkhai, and Paksane Chiang Khan Vientiane Nongkhai Paksane / / / 3/ / / / 7/ / / / 3/ / / / 7/ / / / 3/ / / / 7/ / / / 3/ / / / 7/ Chiang Khan Vientiane Nongkhai Paksane......... / / / 3/ / / / 7/ / / / 3/ / / / 7/ / / / 3/ / / / 7/ / / / 3/ / / / 7/ hour rainfall at 7am (mm) hour rainfall at 7am (mm).. 7... hour rainfall at 7am (mm). 3.... hour rainfall at 7am (mm). Page MRC Weekly Flood Situation Report Week th th August
Figure A3: Water level and rainfall for Nakhon Phanom, Thakhek, Mukdahan and Savannakhet Thakhek Mukdahan / / / 3/ / / / 7/ / / / 3/ / / / 7/ / / / 3/ / Thakhek... 3.... / / / 3/ / / / 7/ / / / 3/ / / / 7/ / / / 3/ / hour rainfall at 7am (mm) / / 7/ Mukdahan MRC Weekly Flood Situation Report Week th th August Page 9 Savannakhet hour rainfall at 7am (mm) / / 7/ / / / 3/ / / / 7/ Savannakhet hour rainfall at 7am (mm) / / / 3/ / / / 7/ Nakhon Phanom Nakhon Phanom.... hour rainfall at 7am (mm).
Figure A: Water level and rainfall for Khong Chiam, Pakse, Stung Treng, and Kratie Khong Chiam Pakse Stung Treng Kratie / / / 3/ / / / 7/ / / / 3/ / / / 7/ / / / 3/ / / / 7/ / / / 3/ / / / 7/ Khong Chiam Pakse Stung Treng Kratie / / / 3/ / / / 7/ / / / 3/ / / / 7/ / / / 3/ / / / 7/ / / / 3/ / / / 7/ hour rainfall at 7am (mm). 3.... hour rainfall at 7am (mm) hour rainfall at 7am (mm)...... hour rainfall at 7am (mm) Page MRC Weekly Flood Situation Report Week th th August
Figure A: Water level and rainfall for Kampong Cham, Phnom Penh (Bassac and Port), and Koh Khel Kompong Cham Phnom Penh (Bassac) Phnom Penh Port / / / 3/ / / / 7/ / / / 3/ / / / 7/ / / / 3/ / / Phnom Penh (Bassac) / / / 3/ / / / 7/ / / / 3/ / / / 7/ / / / 3/ / / hour rainfall at 7am (mm) / 7/ Phnom Penh Port MRC Weekly Flood Situation Report Week th th August Page 9 7 3 Koh Khel 9 7 3 hour rainfall at 7am (mm) / 7/ / / 3/ / / / / 7/ Koh Khel hour rainfall at 7am (mm) / 3/ / / / / / 7/ Kompong Cham hour rainfall at 7am (mm)
Figure A: Water level and rainfall for Neak Luong, Prek Kdam, Tan Chau and Chau Doc Neak Luong Prek Kdam Tan Chau Chau Doc 9 9 7 7 3 3 3 3 3 / / / 3/ / / / 7/ / / / 3/ / / / 7/ / / / 3/ / / / 7/ / / / 3/ / / / 7/ Neak Luong Prek Kdam Tan Chau Chau Doc 3 / / / 3/ / / / 7/ / / / 3/ / / / 7/ / / / 3/ / / / 7/ / / / 3/ / / / 7/ hour rainfall at 7am (mm) hour rainfall at 7am (mm) hour rainfall at 7am (mm) 3 hour rainfall at 7am (mm) Page MRC Weekly Flood Situation Report Week th th August
Annex B: Accuracy and performance Accuracy Accuracy describes the accuracy of the adjusted and published forecast, based on the results of the MRC Mekong Flood Forecasting System, which are then adjusted by the Flood Forecaster in Charge taking into consideration known biases in input data and his/her knowledge of the response of the model system and the hydrology of the Mekong River Basin. The information is presented as a graph below, showing the average flood forecasting accuracy along the Mekong mainstream. The graph of average difference between forecast and actual water levels for the past week shows normal pattern in which the accuracy is worse at upstream and getting better downstream, except Luang Prabang that perform worst among upstream station. In general, accuracies at most stations for -day to -day forecast lead time are quite good except at Luang Prabang which performed worse than other stations. The above differences due to main factors: () high variability of the forecast rainfall NWP when critical weather appearances as ITCZ and low pressure trough; () internal model functionality in forecasting especially at those stations; for which the parameter adjustment in the model is not possible. Figure B: Average flood forecast accuracy along the Mekong mainstream MRC Weekly Flood Situation Report Week th th August Page 3
Forecast Achievement The forecast achievement indicates the % of days that the forecast at a particular station for a lead-time is successful against a respective benchmark (Table B). Table B: Achievement of daily forecast against benchmarks unit in % Chiang Saen Luang Prabang Chiang Khan Vientiane Nongkhai Paksane Nakhon Phanom Thakhek Mukdahan Savannakhet Khong Chiam -day 7..9 7...9.9.9 7. 7. 7...9.7.7........ 7.7 -day.7 33.3.7.. 33.3.. 3.3.7 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3.. 3.3.... 3.3 7. 3-day...................... 7.3 -day....... 7.... 7.. 7....... 7.. 7. -day.7. 33.3 33.3 33.3....7.7 33.3 33.3..7........ 9.7 Pakse Stung Treng Kratie Kompong Cham Phnom Penh (Bassac) Phnom Penh Port Koh Khel Neak Luong Prek Kdam Tan Chau Chau Doc Average Table B: Benchmarks of success (Indicator of accuracy in mean absolute error) Unit in cm Chiang Saen Luang Prabang Chiang Khan Vientiane Nongkhai Paksane Nakhon Phanom Thakhek Mukdahan Savannakhet -day -day 3-day -day 7 7 -day 7 7 Khong Chiam Pakse Stung Treng Kratie Kompong Cham Phnom Penh (Bassac) Phnom Penh Port Koh Khel Neak Luong Prek Kdam Tan Chau Chau Doc Note: An indication of the accuracy given in the Table B is based on the performance of the forecast made in from the new flood forecasting system and the configuration for the 9 flood season and is published on the website of MRC (http://ffw.mrcmekong.org/accuracy.htm). A new set of performance indicators that is established by combining international standards and the specific circumstances in the Mekong River Basin, is applied officially for the flood season of onward. Page MRC Weekly Flood Situation Report Week th th August
Performance Performance is assessed by evaluating a number of performance indicators, see table and graphs below: Table B3: Overview of performance indicators for the past days including the current report date Flood Forecast: time sent Arrival time of input data (average) Missing data (number) FF completed and sent (time) stations without forecast FF completed and sent (time) Weather informaition available (number) NOAA data China Cambodia - DHRW Cambodia - DOM week : - : :9 7:9 : : 7: 7:9 3 month :3 - : : 7:3 : :9 7: 7:3 79 season :3-7:39-7: : : 7:3 7:3 3 3 9 Lao PDR - DMH Thailand - DWR Viet Nam - NCHMF NOAA data China Cambodia - DHRW Cambodia - DOM Lao PDR - DMH Thailand - DWR Viet Nam - NCHMF Week is the week for which this report is made; Month is actually the last 3 days (or less if the flood season has just begun); Season is the current flood season up to the date of this report. Time : : 9: : 7: Data Delivery - Delivery Times NOAA China CAM DHRW CAM DOM LAO DMH THAI DWR VN NCHMF / / / 3/ / / / 7/ Date Figure B: Data delivery times for the past days including the current report date MRC Weekly Flood Situation Report Week th th August Page
Number 3 Data Delivery - Missing Data NOAA China CAM DHRW CAM DOM LAO DMH THAI DWR VN NCHMF / / / 3/ / / / 7/ Date Figure B3: Missing data for the past days including the current report date Time : Flood Forecast - Completion Time Flood Forecast - Stations without Forecast Time : Flood Forecast - Second Forecast Needed : : 3: : : : 9: Date / / / 3/ / / / 7/ Date / / / 3/ / / / 7/ 9: Date / / / 3/ / / / 7/ Figure B: Flood forecast completion time Figure B: Flood forecast stations without forecast Figure B: Second forecast needed Page MRC Weekly Flood Situation Report Week th th August
Annex C: Season Water Level Graphs This Annex has the water level graphs of the report date. These graphs are distributed daily by email together with the Flood Bulletins. HYDROGRAPHS OF THE MEKONG AT MAINSTREAM STATIONS IN FLOOD SEASON FROM JUNE TO 3 OCTOBER Water level at 7am of Mekong at Jing Hong 3 3 3 -Jun -Jul -Aug -Sep -Oct -Nov Av9-99 Water level at 7am of Mekong at Chiang Saen -Jun -Jun -Jul -Jul 3-Jul -Aug 3-Aug -Sep 9-Sep -Oct 9-Oct 3-Nov Alarm Flood Av- 99 99 Water level at 7am of Mekong at Luang Prabang -Jun -Jun -Jul -Jul 3-Jul -Aug 3-Aug -Sep 9-Sep -Oct 9-Oct 3-Nov Alarm Flood Av- 99 99 MRC Weekly Flood Situation Report Week th th August Page 7
Water level at 7am of Mekong at Chiang Khan -Jun -Jun -Jul -Jul 3-Jul -Aug 3-Aug -Sep 9-Sep -Oct 9-Oct 3-Nov Alarm Flood Av- 99 99 Water level at 7am of Mekong at Vientiane -Jun -Jun -Jul -Jul 3-Jul -Aug 3-Aug -Sep 9-Sep -Oct 9-Oct 3-Nov Alarm Flood Av- 99 99 Water level at 7am of Mekong at Nong Khai -Jun -Jun -Jul -Jul 3-Jul -Aug 3-Aug -Sep 9-Sep -Oct 9-Oct 3-Nov Alarm Flood Av- 99 99 Page MRC Weekly Flood Situation Report Week th th August
Water level at 7am of Mekong at Paksane -Jun -Jun -Jul -Jul 3-Jul -Aug 3-Aug -Sep 9-Sep -Oct 9-Oct 3-Nov Alarm Flood Av- 99 99 Water level at 7am of Mekong at Nakhon Phanom -Jun -Jun -Jul -Jul 3-Jul -Aug 3-Aug -Sep 9-Sep -Oct 9-Oct 3-Nov Alarm Flood Av- 99 99 Water level at 7am of Mekong at Thakhek -Jun -Jun -Jul -Jul 3-Jul -Aug 3-Aug -Sep 9-Sep -Oct 9-Oct 3-Nov Alarm Flood Av- 99 99 MRC Weekly Flood Situation Report Week th th August Page 9
Water level at 7am of Mekong at Savannakhet -Jun -Jun -Jul -Jul 3-Jul -Aug 3-Aug -Sep 9-Sep -Oct 9-Oct 3-Nov Alarm Flood Av- 99 99 Water level at 7am of Mekong at Mukdahan -Jun -Jun -Jul -Jul 3-Jul -Aug 3-Aug -Sep 9-Sep -Oct 9-Oct 3-Nov Alarm Flood Av- 99 99 Water level at 7am of Mekong at Khong Chiam -Jun -Jun -Jul -Jul 3-Jul -Aug 3-Aug -Sep 9-Sep -Oct 9-Oct 3-Nov Alarm Flood Av- 99 99 Page MRC Weekly Flood Situation Report Week th th August
Water level at 7am of Mekong at Paksé -Jun -Jun -Jul -Jul 3-Jul -Aug 3-Aug -Sep 9-Sep -Oct 9-Oct 3-Nov Alarm Flood Av- 99 99 Water level at 7am of Mekong at Stung Treng -Jun -Jun -Jul -Jul 3-Jul -Aug 3-Aug -Sep 9-Sep -Oct 9-Oct 3-Nov Alarm Flood Av- 99 99 Water level at 7am of Mekong at Kratie -Jun -Jun -Jul -Jul 3-Jul -Aug 3-Aug -Sep 9-Sep -Oct 9-Oct 3-Nov Alarm Flood Av- 99 99 MRC Weekly Flood Situation Report Week th th August Page
Water level at 7am of Mekong at Kampong Cham -Jun -Jun -Jul -Jul 3-Jul -Aug 3-Aug -Sep 9-Sep -Oct 9-Oct 3-Nov Alarm Flood Av- 99 99 Water level at 7am of Mekong at Phnom Penh Chaktomuk -Jun -Jun -Jul -Jul 3-Jul -Aug 3-Aug -Sep 9-Sep -Oct 9-Oct 3-Nov Alarm Flood Av- 99 99 Water level at 7am of Tonle Sap at Phnom Penh Port -Jun -Jun -Jul -Jul 3-Jul -Aug 3-Aug -Sep 9-Sep -Oct 9-Oct 3-Nov Alarm Flood Av- 99 99 Page MRC Weekly Flood Situation Report Week th th August
9 Water level at 7am of Bassac at Koh Khel 7 3 -Jun -Jun -Jul -Jul 3-Jul -Aug 3-Aug -Sep 9-Sep -Oct 9-Oct 3-Nov Alarm Flood Av- 99 99 9 Water level at 7am of Mekong at Neak Luong 7 3 -Jun -Jun -Jul -Jul 3-Jul -Aug 3-Aug -Sep 9-Sep -Oct 9-Oct 3-Nov Alarm Flood Av- 99 99 Water level at 7am of Tonle Sap at Prek Kdam -Jun -Jun -Jul -Jul 3-Jul -Aug 3-Aug -Sep 9-Sep -Oct 9-Oct 3-Nov Alarm Flood Av- 99 99 MRC Weekly Flood Situation Report Week th th August Page 3
Water level at 7am of Mekong at Tan Chau 3 - -Jun -Jun -Jul -Jul 3-Jul -Aug 3-Aug -Sep 9-Sep -Oct 9-Oct 3-Nov Alarm Flood Av- 99 99 Water level at 7am of Bassac at Chau Doc 3 - -Jun -Jun -Jul -Jul 3-Jul -Aug 3-Aug -Sep 9-Sep -Oct 9-Oct 3-Nov Alarm Flood Av- 99 99 Page MRC Weekly Flood Situation Report Week th th August