CGC1D Geography of Canada Exam Review Period 1 Students: Your exam is on Tuesday, June 21 st in Room 221 ALL exams begin at 8:15 Exam Format Part A: Multiple Choice & True and False Part B: Short Answer Part C: Article Response 50 marks 10 marks 40 marks Remember not to rely solely on this review. You should also review your tests, unit reviews, and assignments. Also, be sure to review the content on the website!! msduffsclassroom.weebly.com Unit 1 Geographer s Toolkit Definition of Geography 3 key questions of Geography 2 main focuses of Geography and examples of each Why did we move from globes to maps? What is a cartographer? BOLTSS Using the cardinal and ordinal points of a compass What is the other way to read a compass? You can use to find bearings. What is the difference between lines of latitude and longitude? What are the important lines of latitude? What are the important lines of longitude? Time zones How many are there in the world? How many in Canada? What are the 4 main types of maps? Provide a description for each? Be able to identify them when you see them? What is the difference between a large scale map and a small scale map? Can you use a compass rose? (Eg. What is the angular bearing for SE? Answer: 135 What is the direction for 270? Answer: West) What is relative location? Given a map, can I describe the relative location of a place? How many points should I provide to have a complete answer? How do I find locations on a map using: relative location, grid maps, and long/lat. coordinates? Can I read a basic topographic map? How do I calculate elevation? Do elevation and direction have any connection? Can I use a map scale to find the distance between 2 locations? When given a time zone map, can I calculate the time in various locations? Unit 2 Interactions in the Physical Environment What are the 4 main layers of the Earth and what are their characteristics? What are the names of the 4 geologic eras? About what percentage of Earth s time does each represent? Could you give one or two characteristics of each era?
What was Pangaea? What does it mean? Who figured out that the continents were drifting? What was his evidence for their movement (4 pieces)? What was his problem with the whole thing? Who was able to figure out how/why the continents were drifting? What are tectonic plates? What are the 2 types of plates? What are convection currents? How do convection currents work to move the tectonic plates? What are the 3 basic types of plate movements? Could you draw a diagram for each? How is crust recycled? Where and how does this happen? Depending on the movement of the plates, different types of landforms are created. Could you provide several (3 or 4) examples of these landforms? What and where is the Ring of Fire? What is a seismologist? What is the main tool he/she uses in their job? What are the two scales that can be used to measure an earthquake and what is the difference between the two? How is a tsunami formed? What types of preparations can cities/provinces do in order to reduce the impact of various natural disasters? What are the 5 main types of mountains and how are each formed? What are the 3 main forces that create landforms? Describe each. What are the 2 main forces that destroy land? How do wind, water and ice play a role in this destruction? How do cities/provinces/countries lessen the impact that various natural disasters may have on human beings (NOTE: I m not asking about individuals/families)? Provide examples for different types of disasters. What kinds of natural disasters could happen in Canada? Where in Canada are they most likely to happen? What is a landform region? What are the landform regions in Canada? Can you place them on a map? Could you provide 2 or 3 characteristics for each? Could you name 2 recreational activities and 2 industries that are appropriate for each of the 7 landform regions? How do mineral deposits form? Why are certain minerals often found together (eg. nickel and copper)? How can glaciers form different landforms? What impact do they have on drainage patterns? How does an escarpment form? How did the deep harbours of the Appalachians form? Why has the Innuition region not been developed as much as the other regions? What is a fiord and how are they formed? Could you draw the rock cycle? What are the 3 different types of rock? What processes change each of the rocks into another form? (i.e. heat, erosion, etc.) What is the difference between climate and weather? What are the factors that impact everyday weather? What are the factors that affect climate? HOW does each affect climate? What is the difference between a maritime climate and a continental climate? What creates fog on the East Coast? How do the prevailing winds affect the movement of air masses? What about the polar jet stream? What are the 3 different types of precipitation and how does each form? If you had to remember only TWO key points to help you understand why precipitation occurs, what would they be? What are Canada s 4 major climate types? Describe 2 or 3 characteristics of each of the 4 climate types. Can you interpret a climate graph? If given a climate graph, could you tell me what climate type that graph represents and why? If you looked at a map of Canada s climate zones, why do the separations in zones make sense based on what you ve learned so far in Geography class? (Hint: Think of landform regions) How does climate have an impact on the economy? What are the reasons we need soil? What are the 4 components of soil? Provide a description of each If given a soil profile, could you label it and describe each layer?
What are the 7 natural vegetation regions in Canada? What are the climate, soil, and vegetation characteristics of each? How do the landform, climate, and vegetation regions connect to where Canadians live, work, and play? Unit 3 Managing Canada s Resources and Industries What are the 4 categories of Canada s economic industries? Compare and contrast the labour force involved in each of the 4 categories above. What is the difference between a basic and non-basic industry? Given a list of jobs, could you determine if it was basic or non-basic? What is the difference between goods and services? What are the different sources/types of energy (fossil fuel, nuclear, etc)? What is the difference between renewable and non-renewable sources of energy? Name several examples of each and describe their advantages and disadvantages. What are the two most commonly used energy types in Canada? How do Canadians compare to the residents of other countries in our energy use? Do we use more? Less? About average? Why? Explain how the various types of energy sources create pollution. (Eg. Mining contaminates soil, groundwater, and surface water through toxic tailings leftover from the process. It also creates air pollution from.) Why are Canadian oilsands projects controversial? For each of the industries we looked at, do you have a general knowledge of how it s done/methods, where the hot spots are in Canada, and what role the industry plays in Canada s economy? Etc.) Who are the big players in the communication industry in Canada? What are the benefits and drawbacks (for both the companies AND the consumer) to having only 3? Why are the transportation and communication industries so important in Canada, perhaps more so than in many other countries? What are the factors that influence the location of industry? Can you explain each? How does the type of industry impact which factors are most important (provide an example)? Unit 4 Liveable Communities (NOTE: Much of the curriculum for this strand has been mixed into the other units of the course.) Define the term ecological footprint. In what unit is it measured? How can you reduce your ecological footprint? Try to think of examples in different sectors (ie. transportation, food, communication, etc., rather than providing multiple examples of the same sector). Could you discuss 2 or 3 environmental challenges Canadians face? Be sure to include who is involved, what the impact is to the environment and what people/organizations can and are doing to address the problem. (This is the question that links to your classmates EcoShoutOut assignments you should have notes from at least 2 or 3 classmates research.) Could you discuss how Aboriginal understanding of nature/ecology changes the way they look at land use and industry development? Explain how many of our industries have developed at a cost to our Aboriginal population. What is the difference between rural and urban? Identify and explain the factors that affect rural settlement (think historical, here). What were the 3 main historical settlement types in Canada? Where were they and what were their characteristics? What is the difference between a city and a metropolitan area? What are the 3 main reasons a city is/was settled in a particular area?
What are the 6 divisions of land use in our cities? What are the characteristics of each and roughly what percentage does each represent? What are the factors that affect the social and economic sustainability of communities? Can you apply/discuss these in relation to communities you know? Unit 5 Changing Populations Can you read/interpret a population pyramid? Could you draw one, if given the data? Need to refresh your memory? Go here: http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/atlas/themes.aspx?id=whoweare&lang=en What are the concerns of caring for an aging population? When discussing trends in Canadian demographics, could you briefly discuss the following topics: birthrate, life expectancy, religion, language, education, work and income, marriage and divorce, family life and health Who are our 3 Aboriginal groups and what are the basic characteristics of each? What is the primary reason why Nunavut has the highest cost of living in Canada? What traditional industry makes up the bulk of Nunavut s economy? How much? Which industries are seeing important growth? How is Nunavut s government different from most other governments? What portion of Canada s land does Nunavut take? What does this mean for its population density? Why was the Indian Act of 1876 a turning point for Canada s First Nations people? Could you debunk some common myths about Canada s First Nations people? What is the difference between a specific land claim and a comprehensive land claim? Why are these often controversial in Canada? (Remember to look at this from various angles.) Why is Canada considered to be multi-cultural? Roughly how many immigrants are accepted into Canada each year? In general, what drives immigration patterns in Canada? There are several immigrant populations that have come to Canada over the years. Could you name 3 or 4 and describe when (ballpark) and why they came? Why is Canada a popular destination for immigrants? What are the 3 groups of people who can immigrate to Canada? What are the characteristics of each? What factors does the government consider to be most important when assessing potential immigrants to Canada? Why? Define the following terms: globalization, developing nation, developed nation, newly industrialized nation, Human Development Index, CIDA, GDP, literacy, international trade, import(ing), export(ing), balance of trade, trade surplus, trade deficit, free trade, tariff, fair trade, etc. What are the advantages and disadvantages of globalization? How do we measure national levels of development? How and why does Canada get involved on a global scale? Who are Canada s leading trade partners? What are the World Trade Organization (WHO), North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the Free Trade Agreement of the Americas (FTAA) Finally, how do all of the units we studied have an impact on each other?? They are all intertwined. For example, Canada has a physical environment that allows/temps us to develop certain natural resources. Doing this has an impact on all sorts of people within the Canadian population. It may also have an impact on the physical environment, too!
OR Canadian population demographics are constantly in flux. Having said that, the country IS trending in certain directions that can t be ignored. What do those trends mean for our urban development, our resource management, etc. OR Remember not to just study the details but think about the BIG IDEAS and the connections between all those big ideas!! Good Luck!!!