An Investigation of Urban form in Lahore and neighboring cities PRESENTER NAME: ENGR. MUHAMMAD KAMRAN Author Names: Engr. Muhammad Kamran Dr. Zahara Batool Engr. Umair Durrani
Contents Introduction Literature Review Objectives Methodology Results Conclusion and Recommendations References
Introduction Lahore the second largest city of Pakistan and largest city of Punjab Expansion of Cities due to migration With the expansion of city, various problems are originating: Travel time loses Environmental degradation Fuel and economy losses Different researches suggest to plan cities in such a way which promotes smart growth which eventually control all losses
Literature Review Spatial pattern of human activities in definite point at a particular time is defined as urban form (Anderson et al., 1996). A dramatic change in urban form in world happened when automobile hit the market and heavy investments have been made on road network led accessibility of inaccessible areas (Maoh & Kanaroglou, 2007). This expansion creates a lot of problems like traffic congestion, high prices near work zones, fuel losses etc.
Literature Review Monocentric cities could be found in European, Chinese and Japanese metropolitan areas whereas North American urban areas American and Canadian, in contrast, are mostly decentralized and low density neighborhoods (Rodrigue, 2006). Urban form investigated by density, diversity and design of particular area (Axisia J.J, 2009). Different researches investigated about the urban form and its relationship with different transportation variables, Travel Patterns, health activities etc No research have been conducted in Punjab to investigate the Urban form of cities.
Objectives The research objectives are as follows: To compute the urban form variables for Lahore and Neighboring cities. To compare the urban form of Lahore city on two different levels (Town and Union council). To investigate the urban form of neighboring cities of Lahore.
Methodology Data collection Data Analysis Investigation of Urban form Software used for analysis is Arc GIS 9.3
Data Collection Lahore Urban Transport Master Plan 2012 Urban form Variables on Union Council and Town Level Shape file for each city was developed on Arc GIS 9.3.
Data Analysis Investigation of Urban Form: Population Density: Population Density (P.D) = Population/Area Employment Density: Employment Density (E.D) = Employment/Area Mix Density Index: Mix Density Index = (P.D*E.D)/(P.D + E.D)
Data Analysis Entropy Index: E.I = - P k.ln(p k )/ln(k) P k = Proportion of Land use k K = Number of Land uses Accessibility Index to Population: A.I(Pop) = Population of area i /(Travel time from area j to i) 2 Accessibility Index to Employment: A.I(Emp) = employment of area i /(Travel time from area j to i) 2
LAHORE
Population Density
Employment Density
Mix Density Index
Entropy Index
Accessibility Index to Population
Accessibility Index to Employment
Result By investigating all urban form variables computed in this research on Town level, it was concluded that Lahore in monocentric in nature.
Population Density
Employment Density
Mix Density Index
Entropy Index
Accessibility Index to Population
Accessibility Index to Employment
Results By investigating all urban form variables the urban form of Lahore bridging towards sprawling.
FEROZEWALA
Population Density
Employment Density
Mix Density Index
Entropy Index
Accessibility Index to Population
Accessibility Index to Employment
Results By investigating all urban form variables, it is concluded that Ferozewala has polycentric Urban form.
MURIDKE
Population Density
Employment Density
Mix Density Index
Entropy Index
Accessibility Index to Population
Accessibility Index to Employment
Results Muridkey has monocentric urban form.
PATTOKI
Population Density
Employment Density
Mix Density Index
Entropy Index
Accessibility Index to Population
Accessibility Index to Employment
Results Pattoki has monocentric urban form.
Conclusion and Recommendations Lahore has moncentric urban form when investigated on Town level and bridging towards sprawl when investigated on Union council level. Ferozewala has polycentric whereas Muridkey and pattoki, have monocentric urban form when investigated on Union council level. It is recommended to investigate Urban form on Union Council Level. It is recommended for policy makers in field of Transportation, Health, education and environment etc to develop relationship with urban form and policy accordingly. Masters plans of cities may be develop by considering the urban form.
References Axisa, J. J., 2009. Urban Form and the Journey to Work: A Canadian Perspective, Hamilton, Ontario: B.A Thesis, McMaster University. Bodoe, D.A., Miller, E.J., Transportation land-use interaction: empirical findings in North America and their implications for modeling Transportation Research Part D (2000): pp.235-263. Chen, C., Gong, H. & Paaswell, R., 2008. Role of the built environment on mode choice decisions: Additional evidence on the impact of density. Transportation, 35(3), pp.285 299. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/cynthia_chen3/publication/5159101_role_of_the_built_environment_on_mode_choice_decisi ons_additional_evidence_on_the_impact_of_density/links/544f1acc0cf2bca5ce90c97c.pdf. Cervero, R., 2002. Built environments and mode choice: toward a normative framework. Transportation Research D, Issue 7, pp. 265-284. Friedman, B., Gordon, S. & Peers, J., 1994. Effect of neo-traditional neighborhood design on travel characteristics. Transportation Research Record, Issue 1466, pp. 63-70. Frank, L.D. & Pivo, G., 1994. Impacts of mixed use and density on utilization of three modes of travel: Single occupant vehicle, transit, and walking. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1466, pp.44 52. Available at: http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/30/36/44232251.pdf. Giuliano, G., 1991. Is the Journey to Work Explained by Urban Structure?. Transportation Research Record, Issue 1305, pp. 305-312. Government of the Punjab, 2012. The Project for Lahore Urban Transport Master Plan in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, Final Report, Handy, S., 1996. Methodologies for Exploring the Link between Urban Form and Travel Behavior. Transportation Research Part D, 1(2), pp. 151-165. Messenger, T. & Ewing, R., 1996. Transit-oriented development in the sun belt. Transportation Research Record, Issue 1552, pp. 145-153. Potoglou, D. & Kanaroglou, P.S., 2008. Modelling car ownership in urban areas: a case study of Hamilton, Canada. Journal of Transport Geography, 16(1), pp.42 54. Rodrigue, J.-P., 2013. Transportation and the Urban Form. Stead, D., 2001. Relationships between land use, socio-economic factors and travel patterns in Britain. Environment and Planning B, 4(28), pp. 499-528.
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