08-34 Winter College on Optics in Environmental Science - 8 February 009 Cultural heritage applications of LIF II V. Raimondi Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Italy
Cultural heritage applications of LIF II Valentina Raimondi Nello Carrara Applied Physics Institute (CNR-IFAC) Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy ICTP - Winter College on Optics in Environmental Science, - 3 February 009
nd case study Towards extensive fluorescence lidar imaging Parma, October 000 ICTP - Winter College on Optics in Environmental Science, - 3 February 009
Hyper-spectral fluorescence lidar imaging Laser spot m-rows Target n-columns Data acquisition Data processing Intensity Wavelength Data storage Data structure: m x n spectra Photos for reference on the target Target description Notes ICTP - Winter College on Optics in Environmental Science, - 3 February 009
The Baptistery of Parma (October 000) Measurements on the Baptistery Hyperspectral fluorescence imaging Excitation wavelength: 308 nm and 355 nm Output data: hyperspectral images in the 450-750 nm range Distance from the target: 80 m Baptistery restored in 999 In collaboration with: ICTP - Winter College on Optics in Environmental Science, - 3 February 009 UNI-Parma
The Baptistery of Parma: detection of biodeteriogens Operational distance: 80 m Excitation wavelength: 355 nm Fluorescence peak due to Chlorophyll a Counts (a.u.) 0.8 0.6 0.4 0. L-.68 L-30.46 L-43.35 L-5.5 0 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 Wavelength (nm) 0 0 0 00 90 0 30 0 30 80 70 60 Ratio Lognoli et al., Applied Physics B, 76: 457-465 (003) 40 50 0 0 30 40 50 60 70 0 0 30 40 50 60 70 ICTP - Winter College on Optics in Environmental Science, - 3 February 009 40 50 In collaboration with: 50 40 30 UNI-Parma
The Cathedral of Parma (October 000) Measurements on the Cathedral Hyperspectral fluorescence imaging Excitation wavelength: 308 nm and 355 nm Output data: hyperspectral images in the 450-750 nm range Distance from the target: 80 m ICTP - Winter College on Optics in Environmental Science, - 3 February 009
The Cathedral of Parma: detection of biodeteriogens Operational distance: 80 m Excitation wavelength: 355 nm Fluorescence peak due to Chlorophyll a Counts (r.u.) 0.8 0.6 0.4 0. J-3.7 J-56.5 J-9.38 J-9.34 J-30.4 0 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 Wavelength (nm) 0 0 00 Lognoli et al., Applied Physics B, 76: 457-465 (003) 0 30 40 50 60 60-300 0 0 30 40 50 60 0 0 30 40 50 60 ICTP - Winter College on Optics in Environmental Science, - 3 February 009 0 30 40 50 In collaboration with: 00 0-00 -00 PC score UNI-Parma
The Cathedral of Parma: detection of coatings Operational distance: 80 m Excitation wavelength: 355 nm Counts (a.u.) Wavelength (nm) Lognoli et al., Applied Physics B, 76: 457-465 (003) 0 0 30 40 50 60 70 0 0 30 40 50 60 0 0 30 40 50 60 70 In collaboration with: ICTP - Winter College on Optics in Environmental Science, - 3 February 009 0 0 30 40 50 60 70 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 Ratio UNI-Parma
The Cathedral of Parma (October 000) Traces of a protective coating on the main entrance (Bardiglio marble) of the Cathedral Lognoli et al., Applied Physics B, 76: 457-465 (003) ICTP - Winter College e on Optics in Environmental Science, - 3 Februaryr 009
The Cathedral of Parma (October 000) 5000 5 4 3 Counts (a.u.) 0000 5000 Point Point Point 3 Point 4 Point 5 0 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 Wavelength (nm) Lognoli et al., Applied Physics B, 76: 457-465 (003) Point measurements with excitation at 308 nm Spectral range: 350-750 nm ICTP - Winter College on Optics in Environmental Science, - 3 February 009
3 rd case study Widening the application fields Rome, January 005 ICTP - Winter College on Optics in Environmental Science, - 3 February 009
The Colosseum the largest amphitheatre ever built in the Roman Empire. ICTP - Winter College on Optics in Environmental Science, - 3 February 009
ISSUE ISSUE 4 Soiled areas, black crusts, patinas Biodeteriogens ISSUE 3 Past conservation interventions ISSUE Travertine blocks characterisation E D J L LI H+I LII LIII K L G B+C ICTP - Winter College on Optics in Environmental Science, - 3 February 009
Colosseum-005 experiment Working time: 9 pm - 6 am Distance from the target: 8 m and 60 m Excitation wavelength: 308 nm and 355 nm LTH mobile laboratory CNR-IFAC mobile laboratory ICTP - Winter College on Optics in Environmental Science, - 3 February 009
Colosseum-005 experiment FLIDAR upgraded with target pointing system First field tests for map referentiation x Laser pointing system Map grid reconstruction via SW routine Scanning area definition 00 400 600 x x 800 000 00 00 400 600 800 000 00 400 600 ICTP - Winter College on Optics in Environmental Science, - 3 February 009
Colosseum-005 experiment Areas selected for the analysis with the FLIDAR system E D J L LI H+I LII LIII K L G B+C ICTP - Winter College on Optics in Environmental Science, - 3 February 009
Barup et al., SMW08 Proc., pp.45-54 (008) ICTP - Winter College on Optics in Environmental Science, - 3 February 009
00 400 600 800 000 00 Colosseum-005 experiment ISSUE - Characterisation of blocks 00 400 600 800 000 00 400 600 Experimental parameters: Excitation wavelength: 308 nm Distance from target: 8 m Grid: 8 x 9 pixels Spectral resolution:.4 nm Spectral window: 300-800 nm Spatial resolution: cm Spot size: cm 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Block I Block II I K J Block III 4 6 8 L Block IV 3 4 5 6 7 8 I J K 9 0.5 4 6 8 Palombi et al., Optics ICTP Express, - Winter 6: College 6794-6808 on Optics (008) in Environmental Science, - 3 February 009 L x 0 6 3.5.5 Intensity integral (a.u.) Intensity (a.u.) 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 000 000 I - Block I J - Block I K - Block II L - Block IV 0 300 400 500 600 700 800 Wavelength (nm)
00 400 600 800 000 Colosseum-005 experiment ISSUE - Characterisation of blocks Experimental parameters: Excitation wavelength: 355 nm Distance from target: 60 m Spectral resolution:. nm Spectral window: 400-750 nm Spatial resolution: cm x 0 cm Spot size: 5 cm 00 00 400 600 800 000 00 400 600 Block I Block III J I K L M Intensity (a.u.) 500 000 500 I - Block I J - Block I K - Block I L-BlockIII M - Block III Block II Block IV 0 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 Wavelength (nm) Palombi et al., Optics ICTP Express, - Winter 6: College 6794-6808 on Optics (008) in Environmental Science, - 3 February 009
Colosseum-005 experiment ISSUE - Characterisation of blocks Area - extended Area I J L K M Integral values (a.u.) Experimental parameters: Excitation wavelength: 355 nm Distance from target: 60 m Spectral resolution:. nm Spectral window: 400-750 nm Spatial resolution: cm x 0 cm Spot size: 5 cm x 0 5 Integral values (a.u.).5 0.5 A B I II III IV A B I II III IV 0.4 0.6 0.8..4.6 Integral values (a.u.) ICTP - Winter College on Optics in Environmental Science, - 3 February 009 x 0 5 Palombi et al., Optics Express, 6: 6794-6808 (008)
Colosseum-005 experiment ISSUE - detection of biodeteriogens 00 400 600 800 One year later Experimental parameters: Excitation wavelength: 308 nm Distance from target: 8 m Grid: 9 x pixels Spectral resolution:.4 nm Spectral window: 300-800 nm Spatial resolution: 0 cm Spot size: cm Intensity (r.u.) 4.5 4 3.5 3.5.5 0.5 X x 0 I Y/J K Z 000 00 4 6 8 K L J I M 0 300 400 500 600 700 800 Wavelength (nm) L M 00 400 600 800 000 00 400 600 X Normalised intensity 4 3.5 3.5.5 0.5 0 Y 4 6 8 400 500 600 700 800 Wavelength (nm) Hällström et al., Journal ICTP - of Winter Cultural College Heritage on Optics (009) in Environmental Science, - 3 February 009 X Y Z Z 3 Cluster Number Intensity (r.u.) 3 4 5 6 7 8 9.8 x 0.6.4. 0.8 0.6 0.4 0. I J K L M K spectrum Fit 650 700 750 800 Wavelength (nm) x 0 0 5 0 Integral (a.u.)
Colosseum-005 experiment ISSUE - detection of biodeteriogens Experimental parameters: Excitation wavelength: 355 nm Distance from target: 60 m Spectral resolution:. nm Spectral window: 400-750 nm Spot size: 4 cm Intense Chl a fluorescence Chl a fluoresce -nce No Chl a fluorescence Hällström et al., Journal ICTP - of Winter Cultural College Heritage on Optics (009) in Environmental Science, - 3 February 009
Colosseum-005 experiment ISSUE 3 - Past conservation interventions 00 400 600 800 000 Experimental parameters: Excitation wavelength: 308 nm Distance from target: 8 m Grid: x 8 pixels Spectral resolution:.4 nm Spectral window: 300-800 nm Spatial resolution: 6 cm Spot size: cm x0 8 5 00 00 400 600 800 000 00 400 600 5 5..96 000.77 800 0 5 0 5 Cluster number 0 5.74.69.6.46 Area (a.u.) 600 400 0 0 0.4.3 00 5 5 5.09.03 0 300 400 500 600 700 800 4 6 8 0 4 6 8 0 4 6 8 0 ICTP - Winter College on Optics in Environmental Science, Palombi - et 3 al., February Optics Express, 009 6: 6794-6808 (008)
Colosseum-005 experiment ISSUE 3 - Past conservation interventions Experimental parameters: Excitation wavelength: 355 nm Distance from target: 60 m Spectral resolution:. nm Spectral window: 400-750 nm Spot size: 4 cm A LIV A B LV Normalized Intensity B 400 500 600 700 Wavelength (nm) ICTP - Winter College on Optics in Environmental Science, Palombi - et 3 al., February Optics Express, 009 6: 6794-6808 (008)
Colosseum-005 experiment ISSUE 4 - Soiled, weathered vs. clean areas 00 400 600 800 000 Experimental parameters: Excitation wavelength: 308 nm Distance from target: 8 m Grid: 9 x 8 pixels Spectral resolution:.4 nm Spectral window: 300-800 nm Spatial resolution: 0 cm Spot size: cm 00 00 400 600 800 000 00 400 600 x0 8 3.5 4 6 8 4 6 8 4 6 8 Hällström et al., ICTP Journal - Winter of Cultural College Heritage on Optics (009) in Environmental Science, - 3 February 009 4 6 8 4.78 3 3.87.5 Cluster Number.99.5.0 0.43 0.5 Intensity integral (a.u.)
Colosseum-005 experiment ISSUE 4 - Soiled, weathered vs. clean areas Analysis of clean areas 4 6 8 4 6 8 4 6 8 4 6 8 5 0 5 0 5 PC x0-4.4.6 -.4-6.8-3.4 x0-5. 37.6 4.5.7-54.3 Scores Intensity (a.u.).5.5 0.5 PC PC 3 0 3 400 500 600 700 800 Wavelength (nm) Analysis of soiled areas 5 cm 4 3.5 4 6 8 4 6 8 Cluster Number Intensity (a.u.) Hällström et al., ICTP Journal - Winter of Cultural College Heritage on Optics (009) in Environmental Science, - 3 February 009 4 3 3.5.5 0.5 0 400 500 600 700 800 Wavelength (nm)
Colosseum-005 experiment ISSUE 3 - Past conservation interventions Experimental parameters: Excitation wavelength: 355 nm Distance from target: 60 m Spectral resolution:. nm Spectral window: 400-750 nm Spatial resolution: 7 cm x cm Spot size: 4 cm ICTP - Winter College on Optics in Environmental Science, Palombi - et 3 al., February Optics Express, 009 6: 6794-6808 (008)
Colosseum-005 experiment +4 Mixing features: Past ISSUE E 3+43 Past conservation interventions on clean areas Experimental parameters: Excitation wavelength: 308 nm Distance from target: 8 m Grid: 8 x 0 pixels Spectral resolution:.4 nm Spectral window: 300-800 nm Spatial resolution: 0 cm Spot size: cm Cleaned recently Titanium clamps (999) ICTP - Winter College on Optics in Environmental Science, - 3 February 009
Colosseum-005 experiment +4 Mixing features: Past ISSUE E 3+43 Past conservation interventions on clean areas 4 6 8 0 4 6 8 0 5 0 5 4 6 8 0 4 6 8 0 5 0 5 3 4 6 Cluster Number 8 0 4 6 8 0 5 0 5 (a) (b) (c) (d) Intensity (a.u.) Wavelength (nm) Palombi et al., Optics Express, 6: 6794-6808 (008) ICTP - Winter College on Optics in Environmental Science, - 3 February 009
Colosseum-005 experiment ISSUE E 3+43 - Past conservation interventions on heavily soiled areas 00 400 600 800 000 Experimental parameters: Excitation wavelength: 308 nm Distance from target: 8 m Grid: x pixels Spectral resolution:.4 nm Spectral window: 300-800 nm Spatial resolution: 8 cm Spot size: cm 00 00 400 600 800 000 00 400 600 Black crusts, heavily soiled area Iron clamps (XIX century) ICTP - Winter College on Optics in Environmental Science, - 3 February 009
Colosseum-005 experiment ISSUE E 3+43 - Past conservation interventions on heavily soiled areas (a) (b) (c) 400 500 600 700 800 Wavelength (nm) /nm (d) Palombi et al., Optics Express, 6: 6794-6808 (008) ICTP - Winter College on Optics in Environmental Science, - 3 February 009
Last issue The latest developments (and challenges) ICTP - Winter College on Optics in Environmental Science, - 3 February 009
Work in progress on SPEED of image acquisition : limited by laser pps ( Hz), data transfer (0 s) and positioning ( s) Before :.5 hr per m (0 shots, grid step: 0 cm x 0 cm) Presently: 7 min per m Future: increased spatial resolution; tradeoff with acquisition speed REFERENCE on the target : Before : - archive of photos; sketches Presently : - laser pointing system in the VIS - integrated SW for D grid reconstruction Future: - Integration with 3D mapping ENGINEERING of a commercial prototype : Joint project with private company Development of handy, dedicated instruments TECHNIQUES with lidar systems : Development of Remote LIBS and Remote Raman with the same system ( Opt. Lett. 30, 88 (005); Appl. Spectroscopy 60, 853 (006) ) ICTP - Winter College on Optics in Environmental Science, - 3 February 009
Conclusions Fluorescence lidar imaging can be regarded a powerful support to experts for the non-invasive remote diagnostics and documentation on stone cultural heritage in the outdoor Investigated issues: Remote hyperspectral imaging of extended surfaces in the outdoor for the detection and characterisation of biodeteriogens, stones and other masonry materials Focus on: Data acquisition speed, Spatial resolution, Target reference, Merging with analytical techniques ICTP - Winter College on Optics in Environmental Science, - 3 February 009
Acknowledgements CNR-ISE Dr. L. Tomaselli CNR-ICVBC Dr. P. Tiano Uni-Parma Prof. R. Chiari Sovrintendenza Archeologica di Roma Dr. C. Conti Istituto Svedese di Studi Classici, Roma - Dr. B. Santillo Frizell Reparto di Antichità Classica dei Musei Vaticani Dr. Paolo Liverani Pontificio Istituto di Archaeologia Christiana - Dr. Olof Brandt National Arts University of Bucharest, Romania Prof. I. Gomoiu, Prof. D. Mohanu ICTP - Winter College on Optics in Environmental Science, - 3 February 009
The FLIDAR & UNI-LUND groups CNR-IFAC, FLIDAR group: Dr. Giovanna Cecchi Dr. Valentina Raimondi Dr. David Lognoli Dr. Lorenzo Palombi Daniele Tirelli Massimo Trambusti Giancarlo Valmori UNI-LUND group: Prof. Sune Svanberg Dr. Petter Weibring Dr. Rasmus Grönlund Dr. Ann Johansson Prof. Kerstin Barup Dr. Jenny Hällström Dr. Gunild Eriksdotter ICTP - Winter College on Optics in Environmental Science, - 3 February 009