HYDRAULIC CONTROL SYSTEMS

Similar documents
Engineering Fluid Mechanics

FLUID FLOW FOR THE PRACTICING CHEMICAL ENGINEER

Detailed Outline, M E 320 Fluid Flow, Spring Semester 2015

Table of Contents. Foreword... xiii. Preface... xv

Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering 150A Transport Processes Spring Semester 2017

Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics

HEAT TRANSFER THERMAL MANAGEMENT OF ELECTRONICS YOUNES SHABANY. C\ CRC Press W / Taylor Si Francis Group Boca Raton London New York

COURSE CODE : 3072 COURSE CATEGORY : B PERIODS/ WEEK : 5 PERIODS/ SEMESTER : 75 CREDIT : 5 TIME SCHEDULE

Design and Modeling of Fluid Power Systems ME 597/ABE Lecture 7

HYDRAULIC EFFICIENCY OF A HYDROSTATIC TRANSMISSION WITH A VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PUMP AND MOTOR. A Thesis presented to the Faculty

Table of Contents. Preface... xiii

CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER

Lecture 4. Lab this week: Cartridge valves Flow divider Properties of Hydraulic Fluids. Lab 8 Sequencing circuit Lab 9 Flow divider

Contents. I Introduction 1. Preface. xiii

Boundary-Layer Theory

References. Hydraulic Control Systems Downloaded from by on 02/16/18. For personal use only.

ENGINEERING FLUID MECHANICS. CHAPTER 1 Properties of Fluids

Dynamic Systems. Modeling and Analysis. Hung V. Vu. Ramin S. Esfandiari. THE McGRAW-HILL COMPANIES, INC. California State University, Long Beach

FUNDAMENTALS OF AERODYNAMICS

CLASS SCHEDULE 2013 FALL

Simulation Study on Pressure Control using Nonlinear Input/Output Linearization Method and Classical PID Approach

LECTURE 6- ENERGY LOSSES IN HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS SELF EVALUATION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Index. Index. More information. in this web service Cambridge University Press

Determining Liquid Capacity 4 th Annual Pipeline Knowledge Retention Chris Sonneborn November 7, 2013

SCHOOL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY SRM UNIVERSITY COURSE PLAN

APPLIED FLUID DYNAMICS HANDBOOK

FPMC DRAFT GEOMETRIC OPTIMIZATION OF A HYDRAULIC MOTOR ROTARY VALVE

Lecture 5. Labs this week:

CALIFORNIA POLYTECHNIC STATE UNIVERSITY Mechanical Engineering Department ME 347, Fluid Mechanics II, Winter 2018

Fluid Dynamics: Theory, Computation, and Numerical Simulation Second Edition

1 An Overview and Brief History of Feedback Control 1. 2 Dynamic Models 23. Contents. Preface. xiii

Principles and Practice of Automatic Process Control

Convective Heat Transfer

Lecture Note 8-1 Hydraulic Systems. System Analysis Spring

Applied Fluid Mechanics

EFFECT OF NOZZLE ANGLE ON JET IMPINGEMENT COOLING SYSTEM KHAIDER BIN ABU BAKAR

1. Introduction, tensors, kinematics

Friction Factors and Drag Coefficients

Hydraulic (Fluid) Systems

Higher Education. Mc Grauu FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS SECOND EDITION

Hydraulic Fundamentals Hydraulics Definition Advent of Oil Hydraulics Pascal s Law Pressure

Roll No. :... Invigilator s Signature :.. CS/B.Tech (EIE)/SEM-5/EI-501/ INDUSTRIAL INSTRUMENTATION II

ME 305 Fluid Mechanics I. Part 8 Viscous Flow in Pipes and Ducts. Flow in Pipes and Ducts. Flow in Pipes and Ducts (cont d)

Biological Process Engineering An Analogical Approach to Fluid Flow, Heat Transfer, and Mass Transfer Applied to Biological Systems

B.E/B.Tech/M.E/M.Tech : Chemical Engineering Regulation: 2016 PG Specialisation : NA Sub. Code / Sub. Name : CH16304 FLUID MECHANICS Unit : I

Figure 3: Problem 7. (a) 0.9 m (b) 1.8 m (c) 2.7 m (d) 3.6 m

D.A.V. PUBLIC SCHOOL, UPPAL S SOUTHEND, SECTOR 49, GURUGRAM CLASS XI (PHYSICS) Academic plan for

Lecture 5. Labs this week: Please review ME3281 Systems materials! Viscosity and pressure drop analysis Fluid Bulk modulus Fluid Inertance

ME 305 Fluid Mechanics I. Chapter 8 Viscous Flow in Pipes and Ducts

s and FE X. A. Flow measurement B. properties C. statics D. impulse, and momentum equations E. Pipe and other internal flow 7% of FE Morning Session I

Dynamic Stresses, and Piping Design

CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER


Part A: 1 pts each, 10 pts total, no partial credit.

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS:

Integrated analysis of hydraulic PTOs in WECs

Modeling and Simulation for Automatic Control

INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING Dundigal, Hyderabad AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK : AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING.

An-Najah National University Civil Engineering Department. Fluid Mechanics. Chapter 1. General Introduction

ME EN 3700: FLUID MECHANICS (Fall 2003)

SECTION 5 EDI Cartridge Valves

V/ t = 0 p/ t = 0 ρ/ t = 0. V/ s = 0 p/ s = 0 ρ/ s = 0

Theory and Fundamental of Fluid Mechanics

Applied Fluid Mechanics

Applied Fluid Mechanics

Mathematical Modeling of a Two Spool Flow Control Servovalve Using a Pressure Control Pilot 1

Three-dimensional simulation of cavitating flows in piping systems R. Klasinc, R. Reitbauer, H. Knoblauch

Engineers Edge, LLC PDH & Professional Training

Steven Burian Civil & Environmental Engineering September 25, 2013

Chapter 10 Flow in Conduits

PREFACE. Julian C. Smith Peter Harriott. xvii

1 FLUIDS AND THEIR PROPERTIES

TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER TITLE PAGE

An Introduction to Engineering Fluid Mechanics

William В. Brower, Jr. A PRIMER IN FLUID MECHANICS. Dynamics of Flows in One Space Dimension. CRC Press Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C.

Subject-wise Tests. Tests will be activated at 6:00 pm on scheduled day

A novel fluid-structure interaction model for lubricating gaps of piston machines

Continuous Univariate Distributions

PIPE FLOW. General Characteristic of Pipe Flow. Some of the basic components of a typical pipe system are shown in Figure 1.

C ONTENTS CHAPTER TWO HEAT CONDUCTION EQUATION 61 CHAPTER ONE BASICS OF HEAT TRANSFER 1 CHAPTER THREE STEADY HEAT CONDUCTION 127

Major and Minor Losses

REPETITIVE LEARNING OF BACKSTEPPING CONTROLLED NONLINEAR ELECTROHYDRAULIC MATERIAL TESTING SYSTEM 1. Seunghyeokk James Lee 2, Tsu-Chin Tsao

150A Review Session 2/13/2014 Fluid Statics. Pressure acts in all directions, normal to the surrounding surfaces

ME 4232: FLUID POWER CONTROLS LAB. Class #5 Valve Modeling

Chapter 1: Basic Concepts

[.B.S.E., M.I.E.T., F.H.E.A. Environment, Heriot-Watt University

Egon Krause. Fluid Mechanics

Fundamentals of Aerodynamics

Example Problems in FIDAP January, Compiled by Bruce A. Finlayson For use only by Students at the University of Washington

M E 320 Supplementary Material Pralav Shetty

VIBRATION PROBLEMS IN ENGINEERING

Dynamics of Offshore Structures

ME3560 Tentative Schedule Fall 2018

Fluid Mechanics. Spring 2009

Vibrations and Waves in Continuous Mechanical Systems

REE 307 Fluid Mechanics II. Lecture 1. Sep 27, Dr./ Ahmed Mohamed Nagib Elmekawy. Zewail City for Science and Technology

Contents. Microfluidics - Jens Ducrée Physics: Laminar and Turbulent Flow 1

FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER

FLUID MECHANICS D203 SAE SOLUTIONS TUTORIAL 2 APPLICATIONS OF BERNOULLI SELF ASSESSMENT EXERCISE 1

Modelling the Dynamics of Flight Control Surfaces Under Actuation Compliances and Losses

Transcription:

HYDRAULIC CONTROL SYSTEMS Noah D. Manring Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department University of Missouri-Columbia WILEY John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

vii Preface Introduction xiii XV FUNDAMENTALS 1 Fluid Properties 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 Introduction / 3 Fluid Mass Density / 3 1.2.1 Equation of State / 3 1.2.2 Density-Volume Relationship / 5 Fluid Bulk Modulus / 5 1.3.1 Definitions / 5 1.3.2 Effective Bulk Modulus / 8 1.3.3 Measuring the Fluid Bulk Modulus / 21 Thermal Fluid Properties / 25 1.4.1 1.4.2 1.4.3 Fluid 1.5.1 1.5.2 1.5.3 Vapor Coefficient of Thermal Expansion / 25 Thermal Conductivity / 30 Specific Heat / 31 Viscosity / 32 Definitions / 32 Viscous Drag Coefficient / 35 Viscosity Charts and Models / 35 Pressure / 37 Chemical Properties / 38 Fluid 1.8.1 1.8.2 1.8.3 1.8.4 1.8.5 Types and Selection / 39 Petroleum Based Fluids / 39 Synthetic Fluids / 39 Biodegradable Fluids / 39 Water / 40 Fluid Selection / 40 Conclusion / 41 1 3

viii 1.10 References / 41 1.11 Homework Problems / 41 2 Fluid Mechanics 2.1 Introduction / 44 2.2 Governing Equations / 44 2.2.1 Navier-Stokes (N-S) Equations / 44 2.2.2 High-Reynolds-Number Flow / 45 2.2.3 Low-Reynolds-Number Flow / 48 2.2.4 Turbulent versus Laminar Flow / 52 2.2.5 Control-Volume Analysis / 53 2.3 Fluid Flow / 60 2.3.1 The Reynolds Number / 60 2.3.2 Bernoulli Flow and the Orifice Equation / 61 2.3.3 Poiseuille Flow and the Annular Leakage Equation / 64 2.3.4 Pipe Flow / 70 2.4 Pressure Losses / 75 2.4.1 Major Losses / 75 2.4.2 Minor Losses / 76 2.5 Pressure Transients / 82 2.5.1 Hydraulic Conduits / 82 2.5.2 Water Hammer / 86 2.5.3 Pressure Rise Rates within a Varying Control Volume / 88 2.6 Hydraulic Energy and Power / 91 2.6.1 Fluid Power / 91 2.6.2 Heat Generation in Hydraulic Systems / 92 2.7 Lubrication Theory / 93 2.8 Conclusion / 98 2.9 References / 98 2.10 Homework Problems / 99 3 Dynamic Systems and Controls 3.1 Introduction / 102 3.2 Modeling / 103 3.2.1 General / 103 3.2.2 Mechanical Systems / 103 3.2.3 Hydromechanical Systems / 104 3.2.4 Electromechanical Systems / 105 3.2.5 Summary / 107 44 102

ix 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 Linearization / 107 3.3.1 General / 107 3.3.2 The Taylor Series Expansion / 108 3.3.3 Examples of Linearization / 109 Dynamic Behavior / 111 3.4.1 3.4.2 3.4.3 First-Order Response / 111 Second-Order Response / 116 Higher-Order Response / 129 State-Space Analysis / 129 3.5.1 3.5.2 3.5.3 Block 3.6.1 3.6.2 3.6.3 3.6.4 General / 129 State-Space Equations / 130 Characteristic Equation / 131 Diagrams and the Laplace Transform / 131 General / 131 Laplace Transform / 132 Partial Fraction Expansion / 135 Block Diagrams / 139 Stability / 150 3.7.1 3.7.2 3.7.3 General / 150 Stability Criterion / 150 Summary / 154 Compensation / 154 3.8.1 3.8.2 3.8.3 3.8.4 3.8.5 3.8.6 3.8.7 General / 154 Controller Design / 155 P Control / 156 PI Control / 157 PID Control / 159 Control Gain Selection / 160 Summary / 162 Conclusion / 162 References / 162 Homework Problems / 163 II HYDRAULIC COMPONENTS 167 4 Hydraulic Control Valves 169 4.1 4.2 Introduction / 169 Valve Flow Coefficients / 170 4.2.1 Overview / 170 4.2.2 Linearized Flow Equation / 172

4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.2.3 Valve Porting Geometry / 173 4.2.4 Summary / 177 Two-Way Spool Valves / 177 4.3.1 Overview / 177 4.3.2 Efficiency / 178 4.3.3 Flow Forces / 179 4.3.4 Pressure-Relief Valves / 187 4.3.5 Summary / 194 Three-Way Spool Valves / 194 4.4.1 4.4.2 4.4.3 4.4.4 4.4.5 Overview / 194 Efficiency / 197 Flow Forces / 199 Hydromechanical Valves / 201 Summary / 204 Four-Way Spool Valves / 205 4.5.1 4.5.2 4.5.3 4.5.4 4.5.5 Overview / 205 Efficiency / 209 Flow Forces / 211 Two-Stage Electrohydraulic Valves / 213 Summary / 223 Poppet Valves / 224 4.6.1 4.6.2 4.6.3 4.6.4 4.6.5 Overview / 224 Efficiency / 226 Flow Forces / 227 Pressure-Relief Valves / 228 Summary / 233 Flapper Nozzle Valves / 234 4.7.1 4.7.2 4.7.3 4.7.4 4.7.5 Overview / 234 Efficiency / 236 Flow Forces / 236 Two-Stage Electrohydraulic Valves / 240 Summary / 252 Conclusion / 252 References / 252 Homework Problems / 253 5 Hydraulic Pumps 5.1 Introduction / 256 5.1.1 Overview / 256 5.1.2 Hydrostatic Pump Types / 257 5.1.3 Summary / 265 5.2 Pump Efficiency / 265 5.2.1 Overview / 265 5.2.2 Efficiency Definitions / 265 256

XI 5.2.3 Modeling Pump Efficiency / 267 5.2.4 Measuring Pump Efficiency / 268 5.2.5 Summary / 273 5.3 Gear Pumps / 273 5.3.1 Overview / 273 5.3.2 Pump Flow Characteristics / 274 5.3.3 Pump Control / 278 5.3.4 Summary / 278 5.4 Axial-Piston Swash-Plate Pumps / 279 5.4.1 Overview / 279 5.4.2 Pump Flow Characteristics / 279 5.4.3 Pressure-Controlled Pumps / 283 5.4.4 Displacement-Controlled Pumps / 294 5.4.5 Summary / 300 5.5 Conclusion / 300 5.6 References / 301 5.7 Homework Problems / 302 6 Hydraulic Actuators 6.1 Introduction / 305 6.2 Actuator Types / 306 6.2.1 Linear Actuators / 306 6.2.2 Rotary Actuators / 307 6.3 Linear Actuators / 309 6.3.1 Overview / 309 6.3.2 Efficiency / 309 6.3.3 Actuator Function / 310 6.3.4 Summary / 313 6.4 Rotary Actuators / 313 6.4.1 Overview / 313 6.4.2 Efficiency / 314 6.4.3 Actuator Function / 316 6.4.4 Summary / 317 6.5 Conclusion / 318 6.6 References / 318 6.7 Homework Problems / 318 305 HYDRAULIC CONTROL SYSTEMS 7 Valve-Controlled Hydraulic Systems 7.1 Introduction / 323 321 323

XII 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 Four-Way Valve Control of a Linear Actuator / 325 7.2.1 Description / 325 7.2.2 Analysis / 327 7.2.3 Design / 330 7.2.4 Control / 337 7.2.5 Summary / 344 Three-Way Valve Control of a Linear Actuator / 345 7.3.1 Description / 345 7.3.2 Analysis / 347 7.3.3 Design / 350 7.3.4 Control / 355 7.3.5 Summary / 363 Four-Way Valve Control of a Rotary Actuator / 364 7.4.1 Description / 364 7.4.2 Analysis / 364 7.4.3 Design / 368 7.4.4 Control / 373 7.4.5 Summary / 381 Conclusion / 382 References / 383 Homework Problems / 384 8 Pump-Controlled Hydraulic Systems 8.1 Introduction / 387 8.2 Fixed-Displacement Pump Control of a Linear Actuator / 389 8.2.1 Description / 389 8.2.2 Analysis / 391 8.2.3 Design / 393 8.2.4 Control / 396 8.2.5 Summary / 404 8.3 Variable-Displacement Pump Control of a Rotary Actuator / 405 8.3.1 Description / 405 8.3.2 Analysis / 407 8.3.3 Design / 409 8.3.4 Control / 415 8.3.5 Summary / 423 8.4 Conclusion / 424 8.5 References / 425 8.6 Homework Problems / 425 387 INDEX 427

2024 © sciencedocbox.com Privacy Policy | Terms of Service | Feedback