Electrochemical Science for a Sustainable Society

Electrochemical Science for a Sustainable Society

Kohei Uosaki Editor Electrochemical Science for a Sustainable Society A Tribute to John O M Bockris 123

Editor Kohei Uosaki National Institute for Materials Science Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan ISBN 978-3-319-57308-3 ISBN 978-3-319-57310-6 (ebook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-57310-6 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017937519 Springer International Publishing AG 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

Preface Electrochemistry has been studied for long time and its importance is growing more and more because of its not only fundamental interest but also expected central roles in a future sustainable society. Electrochemistry mainly deals with charge transfer at solid/liquid interfaces, which is a key step in energy conversion and materials transformation as well as biological processes. Professor John O M Bockris contributed much not only to fundamental and applied electrochemistry such as structure of double layer, kinetics and mechanism of the electrochemistry of hydrogen and oxygen, electrocatalysis, adsorption and electrochemical oxidation of small organic molecules, fuel cells, electrocrystallization, theoretical electrochemistry, new methods, photoelectrochemistry, bioelectrochemistry, corrosion and passivity, hydrogen in metal, ionic solutions and ionic liquids, and molten silicates and glasses but also to socio-economic issues for a sustainable society such as hydrogen economy for over half a century from 1945 until his retirement in 1997. In addition to his numerous (around 750) publications of original papers, he published about 25 influential books ranging from fundamental/applied electrochemistry to socio-economic subjects including Fundamental Aspects of Electrocrystallization (1967), Fuel Cells; Their Electrochemistry (1969), Modern Electrochemistry (1970), The Electrochemistry of Cleaner Environment (1972), The Solar Hydrogen Alternative (1975), Environmental Chemistry (1977), and Energy Options (1980). His contribution as an Editor of the important series of Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry (1954 ) and Comprehensive Treatise of Electrochemistry (10 volumes; 1980 1985) must also be mentioned. He mentored many (close to 100) Ph.D. students, who later became leaders in electrochemistry worldwide including two great electrochemists, Profs. Parsons and Conway, postdoctoral fellows, and visiting scientists. This book honors Prof. Bockris, who passed away in July 2013. In first chapter, Prof. Bockris article on his electrochemical life is reproduced from J. Solid State Electrochemistry so that not only his contribution to wide ranges of fundamental and applied electrochemistry as well as solar-hydrogen concept but also how electrochemistry has been developed in the latter half of the twentieth century can be understood. In the following chapters, leading scientists discuss current status v

vi Preface of the various subjects in both fundamental and applied electrochemistry and solarhydrogen concept such as electrocatalysis, fuel cells, electrochemical theory, electrochemistry of single crystals, in situ techniques, rechargeable batteries, passivity, and solar-fuels. I am very happy to be an Editor of this book as I am indebted to Prof. Bockris who taught me how electrochemistry is interesting and important when I was his Ph.D. student 40 years ago. I am very grateful to the authors for their contributions and Mr. Ken Howell for his help in the planning stage of this book. Tsukuba, Japan February 2017 Kohei Uosaki

Contents An Electrochemical Life... 1 John O M. Bockris Electrocatalysis for the Hydrogen Economy... 23 Ioannis Katsounaros and Marc T.M. Koper Fuel Cells: An Overview with Emphasis on Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells... 51 Masahiro Watanabe and Donald A. Tryk On the Theory of Electrocatalysis... 95 Wolfgang Schmickler Kinetics at Single Crystal Electrodes... 113 Enrique Herrero and Juan M. Feliu Novel In Situ Techniques... 147 Takuya Masuda and Kohei Uosaki Large-Scale Batteries for Green Energy Society.... 175 Kiyoshi Kanamura Sodium-Ion Secondary Batteries Using Ionic Liquids as Electrolytes... 197 Rika Hagiwara Passivity of Iron A Review... 209 R. Winston Revie Solar Fuels.... 223 S.P.S. Badwal, A.P. Kulkarni, H. Ju and S. Giddey vii