Chicago PET Development and - PDF Free Download

Chicago PET Development and Recent Progress in Digital i TOFPET 1. Heejong Kim, Chien-Min Kao, Qingguo Xie, Yun Dong, Ming-Chi Shih, Antonio Machado, and Chin-Tu Chen 2. Octavia Biris, Jialin Lin, Fukun Tang, Lin Zhou, and Henry Frisch 3. Robert Wagner, Karen Byrum, and Gary Drake 4. Woon-Seng Choong and William Moses 1. Department of Radiology & Committee on Medical Physics, University of Chicago, IL 2. Enrico Fermi Institute & Department of Physics, University of Chicago, IL 3. High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 4. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA

PET Imaging Chain and UC PET R&D Clinical Outcomes & Biological Discoveries [Cancer, Cardiac, Brain, Drug, etc.] Performance Evaluation [Task-Based Assessment] Cyclotron/ Radiotracer [Multi-Modality Probes] Quantitative Image Analysis [MM QIA & List-Mode Dynamic 4D/5D QIA] Subject (Human/Animal) Integration with Medicine & Biology Detector & System [Panel-PET & SiPM] Electronics [Digital PET] Image Reconstruction [MM-IR & ROI-IR]

Quantitative Imaging Multi-Modality Modality Integration High-Performance Low-Cost Broad-Access

Imaging gof Life and Live Brain Life Processes Dead Brain Patient 1 Patient 2 MR PET MR PET

Task-Based Image Quality Assessment Tasks Detection and Estimation

2008 IEEE NSS/MIC/RTSD MIC Short Course " Image Quality in Adaptive and Multimodality Imaging" 20 October 2008 Dresden, Germany Organizer: Harrison Barrett, Matthew A. Kupinski, Lars R. Furenlid

Key Characteristics of Biomarker Generator Micro Accelerator Lower cost & much smaller to be located at scanner To be an approved FDA medical device Produce dose of F-18 or C-11 biomarker in 20 minutes Base chemistry system for drug discovery Handling of micro to millicuries, not curies Microchemistry i & Microfluidics idi Courtesy of Nanotek & ABT

Multi-Modality Targeting Molecular Imaging & Therapeutic Probes (Phage and Micelle Nanosystem) Ultrasound, MRI, SPECT, PET, X-Ray/CT, Fluorescence & Therapeutics

Image Co-Registration & Integration Fusion of PET, SPECT, MRI, CT, EPRI, Histology Halpern, Pelizzari Karczmar Weichselbaum

600 ps 2 ns

Silicon PM Characterization MPPC: 1x1mm 2 25-μm, 50-μm, or 100-μm Front Back Source: LYSO: F-18 1x1x10mm 3, 2x2x10mm 3

F-18/LYSO Sample Pulses PMT 25-μm MPPC 50-μm MPPC 100-μm MPPC

A Table-Top Top Prototype HRRT Detector Heads The prototype consists of two HRRT (High Resolution Research Tomograph) detector heads. The spacing between detectors shown is ~6 cm, which is adequate for imaging rodents. A single double-layered, layered, 8 x 8 LSO crystal block affixes onto 4 photomultiplier tubes in the quadrant-sharing configuration. CNMF, September 26, 2008

Central Sensitivity (GATE Simulation, 20% ER, 3ns TR) Se ensitiv ity (%) 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2ns 6ns 10ns 200 250 300 350 400 450 LLD (kev)

Noise-Equivalent Count Rate Comparison with reported NECR peaks Mouse Rat Reported NECR peaks Reported NECR peaks

FDG Resolution phantom real data 10 1.0 mm 0.75 mm 135 1.35 mm 2.4 mm 17 1.7 20 2.0 mm mm Modeling the responses by MC simulation Ideal line integral

Sample Image real FDG-Rat data Ideal line integral Modeling response 22

Initial FDG-Rat Images Transaxial 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 20 40 60 80 100 160 180 200 220 20 40 60 20 40 60 80 100 Coronal 50 100 150 200 250 Sagittal

Digital PET Data Acquisition A Multi-Threshold Approach PMT IN V 1 V 2 discriminators TDC TDC V 3 TDC V 4 TDC

Multi-Threshold Approach Sampling pulse at pre-defined voltage levels. Output : only digitized timings. Pulse reconstruction using digitized timings. Remove analog blocks. (Pre-Amp, ADC, CFD) PMT waveform by 20GS/s oscilloscope superimposed with timing readouts by the multi-threshold board + HPTDC Digital it Signal Processing (DSP) technology can be utilized. (event time, energy)

Multi-Threshold Board + HPTDC Multi-threshold threshold discriminator board 2 boards with 4channels in each. HPTDC (CERN) 0-700mV of adjustable threshold level. 4 chs output Used ADCMP582 comparators. Timings at leading and falling edges. Threshold Set Input Multi-threshold th h ld board (left) connected to HPTDC module (right). High Performance TDC (HPTDC) 8/32 channels. 25 ps/bit. developed at CERN.

Experimental Setup A Block diagram of the setup. Two Hamamatsu R9800 photomultiplier tubes (HV = -1,300V) Coupled with LSO crystals ( 6.25x6.25x25mm3). Separated 5cm apart. Na-22 used for positron source located at the center. Multi-threshold threshold discriminator board setup: Inputs from 2 PMT signals Thresholds : 50, 100, 200, 300mV Timing Readout : TDS6154 oscilloscope20gs/s. (Tektronix) HPTDC. ( 8chs, 25 ps/bit, developed at CERN)

Time Resolution of Discriminator χ 2 / ndf 49.31 / 21 250 Constant 270.4 ± 7.4 Mean 0.1949 ± 0.0002 200 Sigma 0.007144 ± 0.000111 150 100 50 0 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.2 0.22 0.24 0.26 0.28 0.3 Time(ns) Sent pulse generator signals to two channels. Measured time difference with the TDS6154 oscilloscope. Time resolution of single channel : ~13.3ps(FWHM) Time offset between two channels of the Multi-threshold discriminator.

Pulse Reconstruction (HPTDC) 2 χ / ndf 88.29 / 33 Constant 92.92 ± 3.73 120 Mean 357.5 ± 0.8 Sigma 27.02 ± 0.78 100 80 60 40 2 χ / ndf 83.05 / 31 Constant 121.4 ± 4.4 Mean 369.6 ± 0.6 Sigma 20.76 ± 0.48 PMT Signal Reconstructed Select the gamma coincidence events. events with 2, 3 and 4 hits from each board. Reconstructed pulse shape. Linear fit on the leading edge. (event time). 20 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 Charge(pC) Exponential fit on the falling edge. (energy, decay constant) Energy distribution of 511keV gamma.

Pulse Recontstruction - 2 350 χ 2 / ndf 25 / 20 Constant 150 ± 4.9 300 Mean 43.89 ± 0.11 Sigma 3.903 ± 0.078 250 200 150 100 50 χ 2 / ndf 2.673 / 10 Constant 340.1 ± 10.9 Mean 44.82 ± 0.04 Sigma 1.709 ± 0.032 PMT Signal Reconstructed 20GS waveform Multi-threshold Energy resolution 13%(FWHM) 18% Decay constant 45ns 44ns (4ns width) (9ns width) 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Time(ns) The decay time constant.

Coincidence Timing Resolution 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 χ 2 / ndf 58.95 / 53 Constant 140.9 ± 3.9 Mean -0.1597 ± 0.0032 Sigma 0.1399 ± 0.0023 Select the coincidence events. Least square fit to the leading edge timings. Use two leading edges with100, 200mV thresholds. Extrapolated at 0mV. 0-1.5-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 Time(ns) Time difference of 511keV gamma coincidence events The time difference, t1-t2. (FWHM) Oscilloscope : 330ps HPTDC : 350ps

Motor Activity Study (Stroke)

Motor Activity Studies