Fl or a of t h e A z or e s

Similar documents
T h e C S E T I P r o j e c t

P a g e 5 1 of R e p o r t P B 4 / 0 9

P a g e 3 6 of R e p o r t P B 4 / 0 9

A L A BA M A L A W R E V IE W

Fall / Winter Multi - Media Campaign

176 5 t h Fl oo r. 337 P o ly me r Ma te ri al s

OH BOY! Story. N a r r a t iv e a n d o bj e c t s th ea t e r Fo r a l l a g e s, fr o m th e a ge of 9

Executive Committee and Officers ( )

I M P O R T A N T S A F E T Y I N S T R U C T I O N S W h e n u s i n g t h i s e l e c t r o n i c d e v i c e, b a s i c p r e c a u t i o n s s h o

graphicdesign SPECIAL INFORMATION & DISPENSER ORDER FORM Version1.0,Updated20October2016 Date SP-4066 Encore DEF Graphics Form Manual

CATAVASII LA NAȘTEREA DOMNULUI DUMNEZEU ȘI MÂNTUITORULUI NOSTRU, IISUS HRISTOS. CÂNTAREA I-A. Ήχος Πα. to os se e e na aș te e e slă ă ă vi i i i i

I N A C O M P L E X W O R L D

Charles University in Prague Faculty of Social Sciences. ECB s Oral Communication and Future Monetary Policy

H STO RY OF TH E SA NT

PARTS CATALOG

Le classeur à tampons

J A D A V PUR U N IV ERS IT Y K O LK AT A Fa cu lty of En gi n eer in g & T e ch no lo gy N O T I C E

Software Process Models there are many process model s in th e li t e ra t u re, s om e a r e prescriptions and some are descriptions you need to mode

Table of C on t en t s Global Campus 21 in N umbe r s R e g ional Capac it y D e v e lopme nt in E-L e ar ning Structure a n d C o m p o n en ts R ea

Agenda Rationale for ETG S eek ing I d eas ETG fram ew ork and res u lts 2

h : sh +i F J a n W i m +i F D eh, 1 ; 5 i A cl m i n i sh» si N «q a : 1? ek ser P t r \. e a & im a n alaa p ( M Scanned by CamScanner

o Alphabet Recitation

2 tel

Gen ova/ Pavi a/ Ro ma Ti m i ng Count er st at Sep t. 2004

Provider Satisfaction

Trade Patterns, Production networks, and Trade and employment in the Asia-US region

THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E

I n t e r n a t i o n a l E l e c t r o n i c J o u r n a l o f E l e m e n t a r y E.7 d u, c ai ts is ou n e, 1 V3 1o-2 l6, I n t h i s a r t

Ash Wednesday. First Introit thing. * Dómi- nos. di- di- nos, tú- ré- spi- Ps. ne. Dó- mi- Sál- vum. intra-vé-runt. Gló- ri-

DETAIL MEASURE EVALUATE

k g e a. m eri v al e 2 6 T H N O V E M B E R 2 N D D E C E M B E R M O R E G R E A T D E A L S I N SI D E

Pr o C art Ultr a H O T C O L D H O T H O T C O L D. C O L D Di git al c o ntr oll er all o ws H O T H O T C O L D C O L D E L E C T RI C

F l a s h-b a s e d S S D s i n E n t e r p r i s e F l a s h-b a s e d S S D s ( S o-s ltiad t e D r i v e s ) a r e b e c o m i n g a n a t t r a c

2. T H E , ( 7 ) 2 2 ij ij. p i s

Fr anchi s ee appl i cat i on for m

Snork Synthesis Lab Lab Directions

Knowledge Fusion: An Approach to Time Series Model Selection Followed by Pattern Recognition

M Line Card Redundancy with Y-Cab l es Seamless Line Card Failover Solu t ion f or Line Card H ardw or Sof t w are Failu res are Leverages hardware Y-

Use precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to inform about or explain the topic. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.WHST D

Erlkönig. t t.! t t. t t t tj "tt. tj t tj ttt!t t. e t Jt e t t t e t Jt

Parts Manual. EPIC II Critical Care Bed REF 2031

Geometric Predicates P r og r a m s need t o t es t r ela t ive p os it ions of p oint s b a s ed on t heir coor d ina t es. S im p le exa m p les ( i

Building Harmony and Success

Lesson Ten. What role does energy play in chemical reactions? Grade 8. Science. 90 minutes ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS

STANDARDIZATION OF BLENDED NECTAR USING BANANA PSEUDOSTEM SAP AND MANGO PULP SANTOSH VIJAYBHAI PATEL

K owi g yourself is the begi i g of all wisdo.

Welcome to the Public Meeting Red Bluff Road from Kirby Boulevard to State Highway 146 Harris County, Texas CSJ No.: December 15, 2016

:,,.. ;,..,.,. 90 :.. :, , «-»,, -. : -,,, -, -., ,, -, -. - «-»:,,, ,.,.

Senility Degree. Our machine derives APG waveform after 2 nd differential of arterial pulse wave in order to measure

Ranking accounting, banking and finance journals: A note

Use precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to inform about or explain the topic. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.WHST D

THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EO IRIS u blic Record. Key I fo mation. Ma n: AIR MATERIEL COMM ND. Adm ni trative Mar ings.

Alles Taylor & Duke, LLC Bob Wright, PE RECORD DRAWINGS. CPOW Mini-Ed Conf er ence Mar ch 27, 2015

30 Zn(s) 45 Rh. Pd(s) Ag(s) Cd(s) In(s) Sn(s) white. 77 Ir. Pt(s) Au. Hg(l) Tl. 109 Mt. 111 Uuu. 112 Uub. 110 Uun. 65 Tb. 62 Sm. 64 Gd. 63 Eu.

rhtre PAID U.S. POSTAGE Can't attend? Pass this on to a friend. Cleveland, Ohio Permit No. 799 First Class

Chemistry 2 Exam Roane State Academic Festival. Name (print neatly) School

Beechwood Music Department Staff

PROPOSED ISSUE OF NOTES TO BE GUARANTEED BY THE COMPANY RESUMPTION OF TRADING

Last 4 Digits of USC ID:

3-4 Welcome & Show Info Family Fun 6-8, 38 Field Demonstrations 30 Farm Safety

CHEM 10113, Quiz 5 October 26, 2011

Th e E u r o p e a n M ig r a t io n N e t w o r k ( E M N )

4 8 N v btr 20, 20 th r l f ff nt f l t. r t pl n f r th n tr t n f h h v lr d b n r d t, rd n t h h th t b t f l rd n t f th rld ll b n tr t d n R th

RAHAMA I NTEGRATED FARMS LI MI TED RC

Speed of light c = m/s. x n e a x d x = 1. 2 n+1 a n π a. He Li Ne Na Ar K Ni 58.

[ ]:543.4(075.8) 35.20: ,..,..,.., : /... ;. 2-. ISBN , - [ ]:543.4(075.8) 35.20:34.

H A N S -O L A V E N G E R,

o C *$ go ! b», S AT? g (i * ^ fc fa fa U - S 8 += C fl o.2h 2 fl 'fl O ' 0> fl l-h cvo *, &! 5 a o3 a; O g 02 QJ 01 fls g! r«'-fl O fl s- ccco

Animals and Behaviors. Templeton Biology

Boy Scout Troop 41 Bay Village, Ohio A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T S. F i f t i e t h A n n i v e r s a r y C e l e b r a t i o n

opposite hypotenuse adjacent hypotenuse opposite adjacent adjacent opposite hypotenuse hypotenuse opposite

'NOTAS"CRITICAS PARA UNA TEDRIA DE M BUROCRACIA ESTATAL * Oscar Oszlak


Root behavior in fall and spring planted roses...

Summer/Fall 2004

c. What is the average rate of change of f on the interval [, ]? Answer: d. What is a local minimum value of f? Answer: 5 e. On what interval(s) is f

Solutions and Ions. Pure Substances

0# E % D 0 D - C AB

F48T10VHO, F60T10VHO, F72T10VHO, F96T12HO (1 LAMP ONLY) ELECTRICAL DATA (120V APPLICATION)

,. *â â > V>V. â ND * 828.

828.^ 2 F r, Br n, nd t h. n, v n lth h th n l nd h d n r d t n v l l n th f v r x t p th l ft. n ll n n n f lt ll th t p n nt r f d pp nt nt nd, th t

THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EO 12958

Pupil / Class Record We can assume a word has been learned when it has been either tested or used correctly at least three times.

4 4 N v b r t, 20 xpr n f th ll f th p p l t n p pr d. H ndr d nd th nd f t v L th n n f th pr v n f V ln, r dn nd l r thr n nt pr n, h r th ff r d nd

Physical Chemistry I CHEM 4641 Final Exam 13 questions, 30 points

Grain Reserves, Volatility and the WTO

ADORO TE DEVOTE (Godhead Here in Hiding) te, stus bat mas, la te. in so non mor Je nunc. la in. tis. ne, su a. tum. tas: tur: tas: or: ni, ne, o:

n r t d n :4 T P bl D n, l d t z d th tr t. r pd l

Exhibit 2-9/30/15 Invoice Filing Page 1841 of Page 3660 Docket No

An Example file... log.txt

This Specification is subject to change without notice

Visit to meet more individuals who benefit from your time

The Ind ian Mynah b ird is no t fro m Vanuat u. It w as b ro ug ht here fro m overseas and is now causing lo t s o f p ro b lem s.

The Periodic Table. Periodic Properties. Can you explain this graph? Valence Electrons. Valence Electrons. Paramagnetism

fur \ \,,^N/ D7,,)d.s) 7. The champion and Runner up of the previous year shall be allowed to play directly in final Zone.

PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS

HOMEPAGE. The. Inside. Beating the MARCH New Faces & Anniversaries. Spring Recipes. Beating the Winter Blues. ADP Rollout

THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EO 12958

(please print) (1) (18) H IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA He (2) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17)

Instruction Sheet COOL SERIES DUCT COOL LISTED H NK O. PR D C FE - Re ove r fro e c sed rea. I Page 1 Rev A

Transcription:

Fl Fl ora a of of t th he e A Az z ore es s A A Fi Fi el el d d G ui G ui d e d e SSeS es ces ce eoc nc ono d on d nnd ed ed enl eenl ar nl ar nl ar g ar geg eg d eg d eed d ed diti e ee diti oono no on nn MMaM a rm ar gr ag rg af rg af raf Paf PuP u Pbli u u sbli shs h es he rhe rs re s sr s

Fl or a of t h e A z or e s A Fi el d G ui d e H a n n o S c h äf er S e c o n d e nl ar g e d e diti o n wit h d et er mi n ati o n k e y t o all g e n er a M a r g r af P u bli s h e r s

Fl or a of t h e A z or e s A Fi el d G ui d e H a n n o S c h äf er M a r g r af P u bli s h e r s

S c h äf er, H a n n o Fl or a of t h e A z or e s A Fi el d G ui d e S e c o n d e nl ar g e d e diti o n 9 0-5 7 8 2-1 5 8-3 3-8 2 3 6-1 4 5 3-3 Bi bli o gr afi s c h e I nf or m ati o n D er D e ut s c h e n Bi bli ot h e k Di e D e ut s c h e Bi bli ot h e k v er z ei c h n et di e s e P u bli k ati o n i n d er D e ut s c h e n N ati o n al bi bli o gr afi e; d et ailli ert e bi bli o gr afi s c h e D at e n si n d i m I nt er n et ü b er htt p:// d n b. d d b. d e a br uf b ar. C o v er s h o w s R u b u s h o c h st ett er or u m (l eft) a n d M yrt u s c o m m u ni s P h ot o o n t h e i n n er c o v er s h o w s S p ar a xi s b ul bif er a all p h ot o s b y H a n n o S c h äf er e x c e pt P er s e a i n di c a ( p a g e 7 5) F o e ni c ul u m v ul g ar e ( p a g e 1 4 3) C e dr o n ell a c a n ari e n si s ( p a g e 1 6 3) b y P et er S c h ö nf el d er wit h ki n d p er mi s si o n A b util o n t h e o p hr a sti ( p a g e 1 7 5) L o ni c er a j a p o ni c a ( p a g e 2 4 5) M oll u g o v erti cill at a ( p a g e 1 1 5) P u er ari a l o b at a ( p a g e 1 4 3) b y D a n T e n a gli a wit h ki n d p er mi s si o n. Pr o of r e a di n g Fr e d R u m s e y, L o n d o n Sil k e Bl et z er, N e w Y or k Pri nti n g & Bi n di n g t y p o dr u c k r o s s d orf 2 0 0 5, M ar gr af P u bli s h er s W ei k er s h ei m w w w. m ar gr af- v erl a g. d e All ri g ht s r e s er v e d. N o p art of t hi s p u bli c ati o n m a y b e r e pr o d u c e d or tr a n s mitt e d, i n a n y f or m or b y a n y m e a n s, wit h o ut writt e n p er mi s si o n b y t h e p u bli s h er. M a r g r af P u bli s h e r s C o- p u bli s h e d wit h B a c k h u y s P u bli s h er s

T a bl e of C o nt e nt I ntr o d u cti o n G e o gr a p h y a n d G e ol o g y...... 1 Cli m at e...... 4 Hi st or y...... 5 A gri c ult ur e...... 5 V e g et ati o n...... 7 Fl or a: A z or e a n E n d e mi c s...... 9 Fl or a: Pl a nt I n v a d er s...... 1 2 A b br e vi ati o n s a n d L e g e n d...... 1 5 Artifi ci al K e y t o t h e G e n er a of t h e A z or e a n Fl or a...... 1 6 S p e ci e s i n s y st e m ati c or d er...... 5 5 Gl o s s ar y...... 3 2 2 R ef er e n c e s...... 3 3 0 I n d e x... of s ci e ntifi c n a m e s...... 3 3 1... of P ort u g u e s e n a m e s...... 3 4 2 v

vi

I N T R O D U C TI O N G e o gr a p h y a n d G e ol o g y T h e A z or e a n Isl a n ds ar e a gr o u p of t hr e e ar c hi p el a g os c o m p os e d of ni n e i n h a bit e d isl a n ds i n t h e mi d dl e of t h e Atl a nti c O c e a n b et w e e n 3 6 5 5 a n d 3 9 4 3 n ort h er n l atit u d e, a n d b et w e e n 2 4 4 6 a n d 3 1 1 6 w est er n l o n git u d e. T h e s h ort est dist a n c e t o t h e E ur o p e a n ( P ort u g u es e) c o ast is a b o ut 1, 6 0 0 k m, w h er e as t h e dist a n c e t o N e w F o u n dl a n d is a p pr o xi m at el y 1, 9 0 0 k m. T h e e ast er n ar c hip el a g o c o nsists of C or v o t h e isl a n ds of S a nt a Fl or es M ari a, S ã o Mi g u el, a n d t h e u ni n h a bit e d F or mi g as r e ef. T h e c e ntr al ar c hi p el a g o c o nsists of t h e isl a n ds of Ter c eir a, S ã o J or g e, Gr a ci os a, Pi c o, a n d F ai al. T h e t w o s m all er isl a n ds, Il h a d as Fl or es a n d C or v o, m a k e u p t h e w est er n ar c hi p el a g o. T h e dist a n c e b et w e e n t h e e aster n- a n d w est er n m ost isl a n ds, S a nt a M ari a a n d Il h a d as Fl or es, r es p e cti v el y, is a b o ut 6 0 0 k m. T h e hi g h est p e a ks ar e «M o nt a n h a d o Pi c o» ( Pi c o Isl a n d, 2, 3 5 1 m), «Pi c o d a Var a» ( S ã o Mi g u el, 1, 1 0 3 m) a n d «Pi c o d a Es p er a n ç a» ( S ã o J or g e, A ntill es 1, 0 5 3 m). Alt o g et h er, t h e A z or e a n Isl a n ds c o v er m or e t h a n 2, 3 0 0 k m 2 of l a n d. T o g et h er wit h t h e S el v a- g e ns, t h e M a d eir a gr o u p, t h e C a n ar y Isl a n ds, t h e C a p e Ver d e Isl a n ds, a n d p arts of S o ut h- w est er n M or o c c o, t h e y f or m t h e fl or al r e gi o n of M a c ar o n esi a. T h e A z or es ar e of v ol c a ni c ori gi n wit h o ut a n y p arts of c o nti n e nt al cr ust. T h e y ar e l o c at e d cl os e t o t h e mi d- Atl a nti c ri d g e, a sl o w m o vi n g s e a fl o or-s pr e a di n g z o n e, r e a c hi n g fr o m J a n M a y e n a n d I c el a n d i n t h e n ort h t o Trist a n d a C u n h a i n t h e s o ut h. F ai al B er m u d a B a h a m as Gr a ci os a S a o J or g e Pi c o T er c eir a k m A z or es S a o Mi g u el S a nt a M ari a M a d eir a C a n ari es C a p e V er d es 1 0 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 k m

I n t h e A z or es r e gi o n, t h e E ur asi a n, t h e Afri c a n a n d t h e A m eri c a n pl at e ar e drifti n g a w a y fr o m e a c h ot h er, c a usi n g c o nst a nt t e ct o ni c dist ur b a n c es. M a g m a r e a c h es t h e u p p er p arts of t h e cr ust a n d es c a p es, f or mi n g v ol c a n o es. T o d a y, 1 2 a cti v e v ol c a n o es, fi v e of t h e m s u b m ari n e, c a n b e f o u n d i n t h e A z or es. E x a mi n ati o ns of r o c ks a n d f ossils r e v e al e d i m p ort a nt diff er e n c es i n a g e b et w e e n t h e isl a n ds of t h e ar e a. S a nt a M ari a, t h e e ast er n m ost isl a n d d e v el o p e d pr o b a bl y i n t h e Mi o c e n e, a b o ut 5 t o 1 4 milli o n y e ars a g o. T h e n ort h- e ast er n p arts of S ã o Mi g u el ar e s ai d t o b e 4 milli o n y e ars ol d, w h er e as t h e w est er n p arts s e e m t o h a v e e xist e d f or l ess t h a n 2 milli o n y e ars. I n t h e c e ntr al ar c hi p el a g o, Ter c eir a is pr o b a- bl y 3. 5 milli o n y e ars ol d, m u c h ol d er t h a n S ã o J or g e, F ai al, Pi c o, or Gr a ci os a. T h e l a v as of F ai al, S ã o J or g e, a n d Gr a ci os a w er e pr o d u c e d l ess t h a n 7 5 0, 0 0 0 y e ars a g o. Wit h its 4 0, 0 0 0 y e ars, Pi c o, t h e hi g h est m o u n- t ai n of P ort u g al, is t h e y o u n g est isl a n d of t h e gr o u p. I n g e n er al, t h e A z or es ar e m u c h y o u n g er t h a n m ost of t h e ot h er F ur n a s, o n e of t h e t o uri sti c c e nt er s o n S ã o Mi g u el, i s f a m o u s f or it s h ot s pri n g s 2

V ol c a ni c cr at er s a n d t o d a y i m p ort a nt n at ur e r e s er v e s: C al d eir a s o n Il h a d a s Fl or e s Atl a nti c isl a n ds: t h e M a d eir a gr o u p is s ai d t o b e 6 0 t o 7 0 milli o n y e ars ol d, a n d t h e a g e of t h e C a n ar y Isl a n ds r a n g es b et w e e n 3 a n d 2 5 milli o n y e ars. Wit hi n t h e e ast er n a n d c e ntr al ar c hip el a g o of t h e A z or es, v ol c a ni c a cti vit y m o v es c o nst a ntl y t o t h e w est. T o d a y, h ot s pri n gs ( e. g. «F ur n as d o E n x ofr e» o n Ter c eir a, «F ur n as» at S ã o Mi g u el) a n d e v e n er u pti o ns ar e c o nst a nt pr o ofs f or t h eir v ol c a ni c ori gi n. T h e r o c ks of t h e A z or es b el o n g t o t h e t hr e e m aj or gr o u ps: b as alt, a n d esit e, a n d tr a c h yt e. All t hr e e ar e v ol c a ni c er u pti v a a n d si mil ar i n c h e mi c al c o n- stit uti o n. A n al ys es s h o w as t h e m ai n c o m p o n e nts Si O 2, Al 2 O 3, a n d F e- O xi d es. T h e s oils ar e cl assifi e d as A n d os ol es. T his ki n d of s oil d e v el o ps fr o m air b or n e v ol c a ni c d e p osits, es p e- ci all y b asi c as h es. T h e y ar e ri c h i n a m or p h o us w e at h eri n g pr o d u cts a n d v ol c a ni c gl ass a n d t h er ef or e fi n el y c o ars e d, wit h l o w b ul k d e nsit y, b ut n e v ert h el ess, t h e y ar e us u all y q uit e sti c k y. T h e i o n e x c h a n g e c a p a cit y is r at h er hi g h, w h at m a k es t h es e s oils v er y f ertil e. T h e y ar e i nt e nsi v el y c ultiv at e d, w h e n o c c uri n g o n l ess st e e p ar e as. H o w e v er, s us c e pti bilit y t o er o- si o n, es p e ci all y o n sl o p es a n d i n c o ast al ar e as is r at h er hi g h. 3

Artifi ci al K e y t o t h e G e n er a of t h e A z or e a n Fl or a T his di c h ot o m o us k e y t o t h e g e n er a of t h e A z or e a n fl or a c o nt ai ns str o n gl y m o difi e d p arts of t h e k e ys t o t h e fl or a of M a d eir a ( Pr ess & S h ort 1 9 9 4), t h e fl or a of t h e C a n ari es ( H o h e n est er & Welss 1 9 9 3), a n d t h e fl or a of P ort u g al ( Fr a n c o 1 9 7 1-1 9 9 4). T h e f a mil y c o n c e pt f oll o ws St e v e ns, P. F. ( 2 0 0 5). A n gi os p er m P h yl o g e n y We bsit e. Versi o n 6, M a y 2 0 0 5 [ a n d m or e or l ess c o n- ti n u o usl y u p d at e d si n c e] at htt p:// w w w. m o b ot. or g/ M O B O T/r es e ar c h/ A P w e b/. T o d et er mi n e t h e g e n us of a c ert ai n pl a nt, o n e h as t o c h o os e t a b. A (f er ns or f er n alli es) or B (s e e d pl a nts), t h e n c h o os e b et w e e n t w o alt er n ati v es ( e. g.: 1 or 1 *) a n d c o nti n u e at t h e i n di c at e d n u m b er u ntil g etti n g t o a g e n us. I n t h e c as e of Is o ët es a z ori c a, o n e w o ul d c h o os e t a b. A, t h e n Nr. 1 *, 2 *, a n d fi n all y arri v e at Nr. 4. 1 Pl a nt r e pr o d u ci n g b y s p or es. M ostl y h er bs (f er ns, l y c o p o ds, h ors et ails) b ut als o t h e tr e e f er n S p h a er o pt eris c o o p eri. Ta b. A: F e r ns, h o rs et ails, cl u b m oss es, s pi k e m oss es a n d q uill w o rts S. 1 6 1 * Pl a nt wit h (s o m eti m es v er y s m all) s e e ds. H er bs, s hr u bs, tr e es a n d cli m b ers. Ta b. B: S e e d pl a nts S. 2 0 Ta b. A: F er n s, h or s et ail s, cl u b m o s s e s, s pi k e m o s s e s a n d q uill w ort s 1 St e ms j oi nt e d, h oll o w, disti n ctl y ri d g e d. L e a v es r e d u c e d t o s m all s c al es, i n w h orls at e a c h n o d e. - E q uis et u m ( E q uis et a c e a e) 1 * St e ms n ot j oi nt e d. L e a v es n ot i n w h orls. 2 2 L e a v es l o n g- p eti ol at e, wit h 4 l e afl ets. M arsil e a az ori c a ( M arsil e a c e a e) 2 * L e a v es n ot wit h 4 l e afl ets. 3 3 L e a v es fr o n d-li k e, diff er e nti at e d i nt o disti n ct l a mi n a a n d p eti ol e. 8 3 * L e a v es n ot diff er e nti at e d i nt o l a mi n a a n d p eti ol e. 4 4 Pl a nt a q u ati c, us u all y s u b m er g e d. L e a v es filif or m, gr ass-li k e, i n b as al r os ett e. Pl a nt fr a g m e nts oft e n a c c u m ul at e d o n t h e s h or es of s m all l a k es. Is o ët es az ori c a (Is o ët a c e a e) 4 * Pl a nt us u all y t err estri al. 5 5 L e a v es t hi n, fr a gil e, 2. 5-4 m m, wit h b as al li g ul e. Pl a nt m oss-li k e. S p or a n gi a i n c o ns pi c u o us. - S el a gi n ell a kr a ussi a n a ( S el a gi n ell a c e a e) 5 * L e a v es t hi c k, s c al e-li k e, m ostl y > 4 m m, li g ul e a bs e nt. S p or a n gi a oft e n i n l ar g e s pi k es. 6 1 6

6 Pl a nt er e ct, r e g ul arl y di c h ot o m o usl y br a n c hi n g, f ertil e l e a v es n ot i n disti n ct, t er mi n al s pi k es. - H u p erzi a ( Ly c o p o di a c e a e) 6 * Pl a nt cr e e pi n g, irr e g ul arl y br a n c h e d, wit h as c e n di n g l at er al br a n c h es a n d t er mi n al f ertil e s pi k es. 7 7 L e a v es a p p e ari n g o p p osit e a n d d e c uss at e o n m ai n br a n c h es. - Di p h asi astr u m m a d eir e ns e ( Ly c o p o di a c e a e) 7 * L e a v es s pir all y, c ur v e d u p w ar ds. - Ly c o p o di ell a ( Ly c o p o di a c e a e) 8 ( 3) L e a v es fl es h y, di vi d e d i nt o a fl att e n e d, o v at e, e ntir e or pi n n atifi d, st eril e s e g m e nt a n d a l o n g, s pi k e-li k e s p or a n gi a- b e ari n g f ertil e s e g m e nt. Pl a nt < 2 0 c m. 9 8 * L e a v es n ot fl es h y, n ot wit h s pi k e-li k e f ertil e s e g m e nt. 1 0 9 St eril e s e g m e nt of l e af e ntir e, f ertil e s pi k e si m pl e. - O p hi o gl oss u m ( O p hi o gl oss a c e a e) 9 * St eril e s e g m e nt of l e af pi n n atifi d, wit h 3-9 p airs of pi n n a e. F ertil e s e g m e nt c o m p o u n d. - B otr y c hi u m l u n ari a ( O p hi o gl oss a c e a e) 1 0 ( 8) L e a v es 2- pi n n at e, bri g ht gr e e n. C e ntr al l e a v es wit h t er mi n al s p or a n gi a r e pl a ci n g t h e l a mi n a, y ell o w, t ur ni n g r e d dis h- br o w n. - Os m u n d a r e g alis ( Os m u n d a c e a e). 1 0 * C e ntr al l e a v es n ot wit h t er mi n al y ell o w t o br o w n, s p or a n gi a- b e ari n g p art. 1 1 1 1 F ertil e a n d st eril e l e a v es dissi mil ar. 1 2 1 1 * F ertil e a n d st eril e l e a v es si mil ar ( or diff eri n g o nl y i n si z e). 1 6 1 2 L e a v es e ntir e, v el v et y. F ertil e l e a v es c ur v e d, s p or a n gi a c o v eri n g c o m pl et e l o w er s urf a c e. E pi p h yt e of t h e cl o u d f or est z o n e. - El a p h o gl oss u m s e mi c yli n dri c u m ( L o m ari o psi d a c e a e) 1 2 * L e a v es pi n n at e. 1 3 1 3 L e a v es 1- pi n n at e, t h e st eril e o n es ± p at e nt, t h e f ertil e o n es er e ct. 1 4 1 3 * L e a v es 2- t o 4- pi n n at e, t hi n. All l e a v es ± er e ct. 1 5 1 4 Pi n n a e e ntir e or cr e n at e. S ori li n e ar, m ar gi n al. - Bl e c h n u m s pi c a nt ( Bl e c h n a c e a e). 1 4 * Pi n n a e fi n el y s err at e. S ori o bl o n g, n ot m ar gi n al. - D o o di a c a u d at a ( Bl e c h n a c e a e) 1 5 ( 1 3) L e a v es 2- pi n n at e- pi n n atis e ct. A n n u al pl a nt of s h a d y pl a c es. - A n o gr a m m a l e pt o p h yll a ( A di a nt a c e a e) 1 5 * L e a v es 4- pi n n at e. P er e n ni al. - O n y c hi u m j a p o ni c u m ( Cr y pt o gr a m m a c e a e) 1 6 ( 1 1) L e a v es m e m br a n o us, fr a gil e, tr a nsl u c e nt, v er y t hi n. S p or a n gi a i n p o c k ets o n m ar gi n of t h e l e af. R hi z o m e v er y t hi n, l o n g- cr e e pi n g. 1 7 1 6 * L e a v es n ot m e m br a n o us. S p or a n gi a n ot i n p o c k ets. R hi z o m e t hi c k, cr e e pi n g or er e ct. 1 8 1 7

1 7 L e a v es < 1 0 c m l o n g, pi n n at e. S p or a n gi a i n 2- v al v e d, m ar gi n al p o c k ets. E pi p h yt es of t h e cl o u d f or est z o n e. - H y m e n o p h yll u m ( H y m e n o p h yll a c e a e) 1 7 * L e a v es u p t o 5 0 c m l o n g, 2- t o 3- pi n n at e, tri a n g ul ar. S p or a n gi a i n fl as k-s h a p e d, m ar gi n al p o c k ets. Terr estri al f er n of r a vi n es a n d l a ur el f or est. - Tri c h o m a n es s p e ci os u m ( H y m e n o p h yll a c e a e) 1 8 ( 1 6) L e a v es e ntir e or p al m at el y l o b e d. 1 9 1 8 * L e a v es pi n n at e or pi n n atifi d. 2 2 1 9 L e a v es p al m at el y 3-5(- 7) l o b e d. - As pl e ni u m h e mi o nit es ( As pl e ni a c e a e) 1 9 * L e a v es e ntir e. 2 0 2 0 C o m m o n t err estri al f er n. L e a v es l a n c e ol at e, u p t o 6 0 c m l o n g, gl a br o us. S ori p air e d, li n e ar. - As pl e ni u m s c ol o p e n dri u m ( As pl e ni a c e a e) 2 0 * E xtr e m el y r ar e e pi p h yt es of t h e cl o u d f or est z o n e. L e a v es u p t o 1 0 c m l o n g. S ori or bi c ul ar. 2 1 2 1 L e af m ar gi n bl a c k, wit h gl a n d ul ar h airs. - Gr a m mitis az ori c a ( Gr a m miti d a c e a e) 2 1 * L e af m ar gi n gr e e n, gl a br o us or wit h si m pl e h airs. - C er a d e ni a j u n g er m a n ni oi d es ( Gr a m miti d a c e a e) 2 2 ( 1 8) L e a v es pi n n atifi d. 2 3 2 2 * L e a v es pi n n at e. 2 4 2 3 Yo u n g l e a v es bri g ht gr e e n, ± er e ct. S ori r o u n d e d. Pl a nt oft e n e pi p h yti c. - P ol y p o di u m az ori c u m ( P ol y p o di a c e a e) 2 3 * Yo u n g l e a v es or a n g e t o r e d, p e n d e nt. Pl a nt al w a ys t err estri al. - Bl e c h n u m a p p e n di c ul at u m ( Bl e c h n a c e a e) 2 4 ( 2 2) R hi z o m e wit h s m all b ul bs. - N e p hr ol e pis c or dif oli a ( Ol e a n dr a c e a e) 2 4 * R hi z o m e wit h o ut b ul bs. 2 5 2 5 S ori c o v er e d b y d efl e x e d m ar gi n of l e af. 2 6 2 5 * S ori n ot c o v er e d b y m ar gi n of l e af. 3 1 2 6 L e af-s e g m e nts l o n g, li n e ar-l a n c e ol at e. - Pt eris ( Pt eri d a c e a e) 2 6 * L e af-s e g m e nts n ot li n e ar-l a n c e ol at e. 2 7 2 7 R hi z o m e l o n g, s u bt err a n e a n. We e d of p ast ur es, gr o wi n g i n l ar g e st a n ds. - Pt eri di u m a q uili n u m ( H y p ol e pi d a c e a e) 2 7 * R hi z o m e s h ort, s u p erfi ci al. S m all pl a nts of w alls a n d r o c k cr e vi c es. 2 8 2 8 L e af-s e g m e nts fl a b ell at e, ± t o ot h e d. - A di a nt u m ( A di a nt a c e a e) 2 8 * L e af-s e g m e nts n ot fl a b ell at e, ± e ntir e. 2 9 2 9 L e a v es gl a br o us. - P ell a e a viri dis ( A di a nt a c e a e) 2 9 * L e a v es gl a n d ul ar or f ari n os e b e n e at h. 3 0 3 0 L e a v es wit h f e w gl a n d ul ar h airs or s c al es b e n e at h. Pl a nt of dr y b as alt w alls. S m elli n g of c o u m ari n. - C h eil a nt h es m a d er e nsis ( A di a nt a c e a e) 1 8

Pi ct ur e s h o ws Eri c a az ori c a S p e ci e s i n s y st e m ati c or d er

L y c o p o di a c e a e H u p erzi a d e nt at a ( H ert er) H ol u b 1 S y n.: H. s el a g o ( L.) B er n h. e x S c hr a n k & M art. ss p. d e nt at a ( H ert er) Val e nti n e 1 5-3 0 c m. St. er e ct, di c h ot o m o usl y br a n c h e d. L vs. c a. 1 0 1-1. 5 m m, li n e ar-l a n c e ol at e, si m pl e, a c ut e, m ar gi ns wit h u p t o 5 0 c o ns pi c u o us t e et h. S p or o p h ylls al o n g t h e br a n c h es, wit h s h ortl y st al k e d s p or a n gi a. G e m m a e a bs e nt. S p o. t etr a h e dr al. P. E : S c att er e d o n st e e p, oft e n s a n d y sl o p es a b o v e 3 0 0 m. D : E n d e mi c t o M a d eir a & A z or es ( all e x c e pt M A R, G R A). H u p erzi a s u b ere ct a ( L o w e) Tar di e u 2 S y n.: H. s el a g o ( L.) B er n h. e x S c hr a n k & M art. ss p. s u b ere ct a ( L o w e) Fr a n c o & Vas c. 1 5-3 5 c m. St. er e ct, di c h ot o m o usl y br a n c h e d. L vs. c a. 1 0 2 m m, li n e ar-l a n c e ol at e, si m- pl e, a c ut e, m ar gi n us u all y e ntir e. A xils of u p p er l vs. oft e n b e ari n g g e m m a e. S p o. t etr a h e d- r al. P. E : R ar e i n h u mi d r e gi o ns a b o v e 5 0 0 m. S o m eti m es e pi p h yti c o n ol d j u ni p er tr u n ks. D : E n d e mi c t o M a d eir a & A z or es ( all e x c e pt M A R, G R A). Ly c o p o di ell a c er n u a ( L.) Pi c. S er m. [ Pi n h eiri n h o, M us g o- d o- m at o] 3 S y n.: P al hi n h a e a c er n u a ( L.) Fr a n c o & Vas c.; L e pi d otis c er n u a ( L.) B e a u v. U p t o 5 0 c m. St. w o o d y at b as e, cr e e pi n g, oft e n s u bt err a n e a n, m u c h br a n c h e d wit h s o m e er e ct, tr e e-li k e s h o ots. L vs. c a. 3 0. 5 m m, si m pl e, e ntir e a n d a c ut e. S p or o p h ylls d e nt at e, i n t er mi n al, p e n d e nt, o v oi d s pi k es of 0. 5-1 c m. S p o. t etr a h e dr al. P. E : L o c all y c o m m o n ar o u n d h ot s pri n gs, i n ol d Cr y pt o m eri a pl a nt ati o ns a n d o n h u mi d sl o p es us u all y a b o v e 3 0 0 m. D : MI G, T E R, PI C, F AI, F L O. Wi d el y distri b ut e d t hr o u g h o ut t h e tr o pi cs a n d s u btr o pi cs. Ly c o p o di ell a i n u n d at a ( L.) H ol u b 4 S y n.: L e pi d otis i n u n d at a ( L.) O pi z 5-1 0 c m. St. h er b a c e o us, us u all y s h ort a n d cr e e pi n g a b o v e t h e gr o u n d wit h f e w br a n c h es a n d si n gl e, er e ct s p or e b e ari n g s h o ots. L vs. c a. 4-6 0. 5 m m, e ntir e, c ur v e d, a c ut e. S p or o p h ylls i n a si n gl e, t er mi n al s pi k e of 1. 5-4 c m. P. E : R ar e, i n c o ns pi c u o us pl a nt of m o orl a n ds, w et h e at hs a n d m ar gi ns of l a k es a b o v e 6 0 0 m. D : MI G, PI C, F L O. Wi d el y distri b ut e d t hr o u g h o ut E ur o p e. 5 6

1 2 3 4

L y c o p o di a c e a e Di p h asi astr u m m a d eire ns e (J. H. Wil c e) H ol u b [ F et o- vi v a z] 1 S y n.: Di p h asi u m m a d eire ns e (J. H. Wil c e) R ot h m. 1 5-4 5 c m. St. cr e e pi n g, wit h as c e n di n g or er e ct, m u c h- br a n c h e d s h o ots. St eril e br a n c h es fl att e n e d. L vs. l a c e ol at e, a pi c es a c ut e t o r o u n d e d. F ertil e s h o ots wit h 3-6 er e ct s pi k es o n f or k e d p e d u n cl es of u p t o 8 c m. S p or a n gi a r e nif or m wit h tril et e s p o. P. E : R ar e s p e ci es of m o orl a n ds, j u ni p er f or ests a n d w et h e at hs us u all y a b o v e 6 0 0 m. D : E n d e mi c t o M a d eir a & A z or es ( all e x c e pt M A R, G R A). S el a gi n ell a c e a e S el a gi n ell a kr a ussi a n a ( K u n z e) A. Br a u n 2 S y n.: S. az ori c a B a k er 2 0-6 0 c m l o n g. St. fl att e n e d, cr e e pi n g, m u c h- br a n c h e d a n d m at-f or mi n g, a p p e ari n g arti c u- l at e d. L vs. 1-2 2. 5-4 m m, di m or p hi c, d e nti c ul at e, a c ut e, as y m m etri c al, wit h li g ul e o n a d a xi al si d e. S p or o p h ylls i n t er mi n al, s essil e str o bili. S p or a n gi a h et er os p or o us, t h e l o w est wit h m e g as p or es. Mi cr os p or a n gi a n e ar t h e a p e x, mi cr os p or es y ell o w. P. E : Ver y c o m m o n i n w et a n d s h a d y pl a c es e x c e pt c o ast al r e gi o ns. T h o u g ht t o b e a n es c a p e d or n a m e nt al b ut r e c e ntl y, its s p or es w er e dis c o v er e d i n 6 0 0 0 y e ar ol d A z or e a n l a k e s e di m e nts. D : All isl a n ds. S. d e nti c ul at a ( L.) S pri n g wit h st. u p t o 1 0 c m l o n g, wit h o ut arti c ul ati o ns, l at er al l vs. u p t o 2. 5 m m, is c o m m o n o n M a d eir a. Is o ët a c e a e Is o ët es az ori c a D uri e u e x Mil d e 3 5-3 0 c m. A q u ati c, gr ass-li k e f er n. St. s h ort. L vs. i n a r os ett e, sl e n d er, wit h a l o n g, s u b ul at e li g ul e n e ar t h e s p at h ul at e l e af- b as e. S p or a n gi a s olit ar y, at t h e b as e of t h e l vs., p arti all y c o- v er e d wit h tiss u e. H et er os p or o us. M e g as p or es r eti c ul at e, t etr a h e dr al, 3 5 0-4 9 0 µ m. Mi cr os p or es br o w n, s pi n os e. P.. E : R ar e a n d e n d a n g er e d s p e ci es of cr at er l a k es a b o v e 5 0 0 m, w h er e it gr o ws i n s h all o w w at er t o a d e pt h of 3 m. It is r estri ct e d t o oli g otr o p hi c w at ers a n d t h us t hr e at e n e d b y a gri c ult ur al d e v el o p m e nt, es p e ci all y b y i ntr o d u cti o n of e x oti c fis h s p e ci es. D : E n d e mi c t o t h e A z or es ( e x c e pt M A R, MI G, G R A). Pr o b a bl y a cl os e r el ati v e of t h e N A m eri c a n I. t u c k er m a nii A. Br. 5 8

1 2 3

E q uis et a c e a e E q uis et u m ar v e ns e L. 1 2 0-8 0 c m. Er e ct, r hi z o m at o us h er b. St eril e st e ms gr e e n, m u c h- br a n c h e d wit h s u b er e ct br a n c h es a n d s m all, s c al y l e a v es. F ertil e st e ms si m pl e, 2 0-3 0 c m, p al e br o w n wit h t er min al s p or e- b e ari n g str o bili, 1-4 c m. P. E: R ar e i n p ast ur es, o n r o a dsi d es a n d w ast e pl a c es. D: MI G. N ati v e t o E ur asi a, N A m eri c a. Si mil ar: t h e m u c h- br a n c h e d E. r a m osissi m u m D esf. wit h a pi c ul at e c o n es a n d c e ntr al h oll o w > h alf st. Ø ( M A R, MI G, T E R). E q uis et u m t el m at ei a E hr h. [ C a v ali n h a] 2 5 0-1 5 0 c m. R hi z o m e cr e e pi n g, s u bt err a n e a n. St. er e ct, gr o o v e d a n d r e g ul arl y j oi nt e d. Br a n c h es of st eril e st. i n w h orls, c a. 2 0 c m l o n g, wit h 4 bi- a n gl e d ri d g es b e ari n g s a w-li k e t e et h, u nit e d i nt o a b as al s h e at h wit h 2 0-3 0 t e et h. F ertil e st. a p p e ari n g b ef or e t h e st eril e, s h ort er, u n br a n c h e d, p al e br o w n. C o n es 4-7 c m, c o m p os e d of s p or a n gi o p h or es, b or n e at t h e e n ds of t h e m ai n st. H o m os p or o us, s p o. s p h eri c al. P. E : L o c all y c o m m o n o n ri v er b a n ks, al o n g t h e m ar gi ns of l a k es a n d o n w ast e pl a c es b et w e e n 2 0 0-6 0 0 m. D : All e x c e pt G R A, PI C, C O R. N ati v e t o M A C, E ur asi a, N Afri c a, N A m eri c a. O p hi o gl oss a c e a e O p hi o gl oss u m az ori c u m C. Pr esl [ L ín g u a- d a- c o br a] 3 5-2 5 c m. R hi z o m e s h ort, n ot cr e e pi n g. Fr o n ds 1-2(- 3) p er pl a nt, c o nsisti n g of u n di vi d e d, fl es h y l a mi n a a n d f ertil e s pi k e. L a mi n a u p t o 5 3 c m, s h ortl y st al k e d ( u p t o 5 c m), a c ut e t o o bt us e, n et- v ei n e d wit h fr e e v ei n- e n di n gs. S pi k e li n e ar, wit h 2 r o ws of 5-3 0 s p or a n gi a. H o m os p or o us, s p o. t u b er c ul at e. P. Fr o n ds us u all y a p p e ari n g i n l at e s pri n g a n d s u m m er. E : Rare i n heat hla n d, a m o n gst Eric a s hr u bs a n d al o n g le va das bet wee n 3 0 0-6 0 0 m. D : M A R, T E R, F AI, F L O. N ati v e t o M A C, W & C E ur o p e. O p hi o gl oss u m l usit a ni c u m L. 4 1-4 c m. R hi z o m e fl es h y, v er y s h ort. Fr o n ds 1-3(- 5) p er pl a nt, c o nsisti n g of u n di vi d e d fl es h y l a mi n a a n d f ertil e s pi k e. L a mi n a 1-3 0. 2-0. 5 c m, s h ortl y st al k e d ( u p t o 2 c m), l a n c e ol at e, o bt us e, n et- v ei n e d wit h o ut fr e e v ei n- e n di n gs. S pi k e li n e ar, wit h 2 r o ws of 5-1 0 s p or a n gi a. H o m os p or o us, s p o. ± s m o ot h. P. Fr o n ds us u all y a p p e ari n g i n wi nt er a n d e arl y s pri n g. E : L o c all y c o m m o n a n d i n gr e at n u m b ers i n s e as o n all y w et p ast ur es a n d o n w ast e gr o u n d es p e ci all y b el o w 2 0 0 m. D : M A R, MI G, T E R, F AI, F L O. N ati v e t o M E D & W E ur o p e. 6 0

1 71 71 17 17 7 1 61 61 16 16 6 1 51 51 15 15 5 1 41 41 14 14 4 1 31 31 13 13 3 1 21 21 12 12 2 1 1 1 11 1 1 01 01 10 10 0 9 9 9 99 8 8 8 88 7 7 7 77 6 6 6 66 5 5 5 55 4 4 4 44 3 3 3 33 T This This This first T his first el el fi d el fi d gel d gui d gui d dg ui e gd uie ui dof de of de tof e th of of e th te htwil he he wil e wil dfl dfl wil dfl o odfl woers wers iw in ers tin th in e th n te hta he hz Ae e zor AAz or es Az or zes or or es pr es pr es opr ovi pr pr ovi do vi od vies ddes sdes sh es sh ort sh ort sh ort hd ort es d es dcri des dcri es es cri p- p- cri p- p- p- ti tio tio ns ti ti ons ons fo ns for ns for for f6 or or 65 065 065 of 050 of 0 tof th of e th te hta he ha be e oab out ab out bo ut 1o ut 12 ut 012 012 0 2s 0 0s p 0 es pci se psci pe es pe ci es eci es ciof es es of of vof as of v as vcv as vc ul as as cul ar cul ar cul ar ul pl ar ar apl ants pla nts pla nts a fnts fo ufo un fo un d ou nd iu nd i nd in d ti n th in et hn te hth ehe e isl isl isl a an isl an ds, an ds, an ds, nc ds, co co mc ocm pl oom pl et mpl et mpl eet pl ed ete d etb ed eb y d d by by mb y mor y mor e mor me tor or e th e at he ta n hth an h4 an a4 0n n 4 040 f4 0 full- 0 full- 0 f fc ull- col col oc ol co ur ol ol ur our po ur ph ur ph otp hot po hot gr ot ot gr ao gr oa pgr gr ap hs. ap hs. ap hs. p Nhs. Not Not Not on ot onl ot onl y onl oy tnl nl y th y et hy te hth ehe e m most most most mpr ost pr epr ev pr al pr ev eal v ev al ent val ent als ent es pnt nt es pci se psci pe es pe ci es eci ci bes but es but bals ut but als ut als o o rals o ar ro ar ro e rar e ara ar e an e an d e an d ua nd u nd un us d un us u nus nal us us uual plu al pl al pl ants pla nts pla nts aof nts of st of of st artli of st st st nartli ng ng bng eb ng ae bg aut be be aut y ea ut ay ut ar ut y ar y ear y ear ar eee ill ill ill ustr ill atustr eat ed ate d at aed an ed an d an d ad n es n d es d cri des dcri es es cri b eb cri ed, bbe d, be sd, es od, so ms oe sm oe om of me of me te of th of of et hte hm th em hf eem for m for m tf or ft hor or e th te hfirst th e he e first ti ti mti e. mti mme. me. e. M Mu cm umc h umu ch eu ch ec h me h mp eem ph masis ph mp hph h asis gis is vgi ev gie gi n vve n tve n to en to n eto en to en do e nd en dnmi de mi de c emi c smi c mi sp c es pc sci ep sci pe es pe ci es eci tes cies th es at th tat h hat gr hat gr at ogr ogr w gr ow on w ono w nw own own ho wh ower hwe her e her els ere e else e iels e in e in te in th in et hn te hth ehe e w worl worl worl d w d orl ad an d d an an d apl nd npl d ad pl ant pla nt pla int ai nt nt in via nv in ad vnv ers ad va ers dad ers dt ers th at th tat h chat co at co nstit co co o nstit ut ut e ut e ut a e ut a e se a eri sa eri sa seri os ous eri ous tous thr us thr et hr tat ehr at hr ete at et at o at to nt o tat no o at nur nat ur nat al at ur al ur ur eal ce al cos eec os ec y- os cy- os os y- y- y- st st est est ms est eems of ms of ms tof th of of e th te hta he hz e Ae zor AAz or Aes. zor zes. or or es. A es. A us A us A ef us A ef us us eful ef glul ul gloss ar ar oss y ary iar ar y in y in y Ei n ie n n E glis En En n h, glis h, Ph, Port h, Port Port up ug ort gu ues g ug es uge ues aes e an e an d e an d an d Gnd er Gd GGer mg er am er an mma nma nan n i intr intr intr oi od ntr od uoc du od es cu des uc uc les ces al es ay lla y rl ay er ay ae ry ar de re ers ad ea ers dad ers dt ers to o tto ht o e th o te hs th e ci sh e ci se sci entifi sci e cie e c ntifi c tc er tc er tc ter mi ter mi er nmi nol mi mi nol on ol no gol olo gy. og y. og y. gy. y. A An An ia in An i vn ial nv in al vnu val au val al bl uua bl e ua bl e abl aie bl ai e d ai e d fai ai d for d for d for all for all or all pl all pl apl ant pla nt pll ant al ont nt lo vlers ov lo ers vov ers iv iers n tin th in e th n te hta he hz Ae e zor AAz or Aes: zor zes: or or es: St es: Stu Stu dst St eu due nts, dud e de e tnts, et ae tca te tc eh aea ers, ch ac hch h fers, arm ers, m mm m rers, ar an rra ng ra ers, ng an gng g sers, ci s ci ses ci entists, sci e cie e ntists, t to to urists. to to o urists. f ffar- f ar- T This This This T shis es ce scs oe se co nec on d, co nd, on d, en d, enl d, enl ar enl ar enl gar nl eg ar ar ed gge d g ed e ditid d editi e eo diti on on io i on cl i n icl niu ncl un dcl cl es ud ues dud tdes th es e th te hfirst th e he e first d et d et der det er det er et mi er mi er nmi ati nmi mi nnati on on ati on ok n oe kn n ey kke y tk ey to ey to y all to tall o o all all g eg en gger nge er nea ner a ner of er a of a ta of tof hof e th te hth Ae he za e zor AAz or Ae zor za eor aor n eea n fl ea n fl an or fl n or fl a. fl or a. or or a. a. a. 2 2 2 22 1 1 1 11 M Ma amr ag M gar gaf r gaf gr af Pr af Pu af Pu bli Pu Publi su bli sh bli sh esh re shs re hsr eer srs s C Co- Co- pc o- Cp uo- o- pu bli pu bli pus usbli hbli esh ed she d hed wit ed wit d wit h wit h wit Bh h Ba h Bc abk ca Bak ch ac kh uck hy ukh s yu hus yuy Ps ys Pu s Pu bli Pu bli Pus usbli hbli sh ers her s her hs er er s ss 3-3-8 3-3- 82 3-82 382 38 6-23 6-231 36-14 6-14 514 51 3-45 3-45 53-3 3-333 9 90-90- 95 90-57 0-57 857 85 2-78 2-781 82-15 2-15 8-15 8-153 58-38- 333 c cmcmc mc mm