ORIGINAL SCIENTIFIC PAPER Stablty Analyss of Spke Yeld of Wnter Wheat Sorn CIULCA, G. NEDELEA, Emlan MADOŞĂ, S. CHIŞ, Adrana CIOROGA Hortculture Faculty, Banat s Unversty of Agrcultural Scences Tmşoara, Calea Aradulu 119, 300645 Tmsoara, Romana,(e-mal: c sorn@yahoo.com) Abstract Plant breeders nvarably encounter genotype x envronment nteracton (GEI) when testng dfferent cultvars across a number of envronments. An deal wheat varety should have a hgh mean yeld combned wth a low degree of fluctuaton under dfferent envronments. The obectve of ths study was to evaluate the spke yeld stablty of 25 wnter wheat cultvars n three locatons from the western part of Romana over three years, through Wrcke s ecovalence, Fnlay-Wlknson lnear regresson analyss models and Mur parttonng of the genotype-envronment nteracton. Fundulea 4, Alex, Turda 2000 and Areşan cultvars presented hgh statc (type I) stablty assocated wth values of spke gran weght superor to the experence mean. Farmec, Expres, Decan and Delabrad cultvars attaned values of gran weght/spke superor to the experence mean assocated wth a hgh genotype- envronment nteracton. Key words: wheat, spke yeld, stablty, G x E nteracton. Analza stablnost prnosa po klasu kod ozme pšence Sažetak Oplemenvač bla se stalno susreću s nterakcom genotp x okolna (GEI) kod testrana razlčth kultvara u većem brou okolna. Idealna sorta pšence b trebala mat vsok prosečn prnos kombnran s malm varranem u razlčtm okolnama. Cl stražvana e bo procent stablnost prnosa klasa kod 25 kultvara ozme pšence na tr lokace u rumunsko kroz tr godne, pomoću Wrckeove ekovalence, Fnlay-Wlknson-ovog modela lnearne regresske analze te Mur-ove podele nterakce genotp x okolna. Kultvar Fundulea 4, Alex, Turda 2000 Areşan pokazal su vsoku statčku (tp I) stablnost povezanu s vrednostma mase zrna klasa superornm skustvenom proseku. Kultvar Farmec, Expres, Decan Delabrad postgl su vrednost mase zrna po klasu znad skustvenog proseka uz vsoku nterakcu genotp x okolna. Klučne reč: pšenca, prnos klasa, stablnost, G x E nterakca. Introducton Hgh yeld stablty usually refers to a genotype ablty to perform consstently, whether at hgh or low yeld levels across a wde range of envronments (Tarakanovas and Ruzgas, 2006). An deal wheat varety should have a hgh mean yeld combned wth a low degree of fluctuaton under dfferent envronments (Annccharco, 2002). There are two contrastng concepts of stablty: statc (type I) and dynamc (type 2), (Becker and Leon 1988; Ln et.al. 1986). Statc stablty s analogous to the bologcal concept of homeostass: a stable genotype tends to mantan a constant yeld across envronments. Dynamc stablty mples for a stable genotype a yeld response n each Proceedngs. 43 rd Croatan and 3 rd Internatonal Symposum on Agrculture. Opata. Croata (340-344) XXX) 340
Stablty Analyss of Spke Yeld of Wnter Wheat envronment that s always parallel to the mean response of the tested genotypes,.e. zero GE nteracton (Annccharco, 2002). A dynamc approach to the nterpretaton of varetals adaptaton was developed by Fnlay-Wlknson (1963), based to the concept of Yates and Cohran. It led to the dscovery that the components of genotypeenvronment nteractons are lnearly related to envronmental effects measured as the average performance of all test genotypes. Another meanng of stablty especally from the regresson analyss emanates from the magntude of unpredctable porton of G x E nteracton reflected as devaton mean square around the regresson coeffcent of a genotype (Chahal and Gosal, 2002). The obectve of ths study was to evaluate the spke yeld stablty of 25 wnter wheat cultvars n three locatons from the western part Romana over three years, through Wrcke s ecovalence, Fnlay-Wlknson lnear regresson analyss models and Mur parttonng of the genotype-envronment nteracton. Materal and methods The bologcal materal was represented by 25 wnter wheat cultvars, expermented over three locatons from west part Romana: Tmsoara, Lovrn and Pecu-Nou. Experments were organzed n 5 m 2 plots and three repettons usng the complete randomzed blocks desgn, durng 2004-2007. Frst, spke yeld stablty of the studed cultvars has been establshed usng the regresson coeffcent followng Fnlay and Wlknson (1963) method. The lnear regresson coeffcent proposed by Fnlay and Wlknson s gven by the followng formula: n n b 2 2 ( ) -represents the genotype, ts yeld by repettons plots or by years, or by locatons; - envronment factors, the value gven by the cultvars yeld average by repettons, or by years or by locatons; n the number of repettons, or years, or locatons. Also, the Wrcke s ecovalence was used to estmate the stablty of spke yeld for dfferent cultvars n the three locatons. The ecologcal valence or ecovalence s the contrbuton of each genotype to the nteracton sum of square and s expressed: W Y Y Y Y 2 where: W- ecovalence of the genotype; Y - the mean performance o the genotype n the envronment; Y- the mean performance of genotype over envronments; Y- the mean of the envronment. The varety wth the hgher ecovalence (lower W) s consdered as most stable, whereas hgher resduals (low ecovalence) ndcates poor stablty. The genotype-by-envronment nteracton, for the studed cultvars was parttoned nto two types of nteracton: due to heterogeneous varances n scalng of genetcs effects, and due to mperfect correlatons, devatons from a perfect postve correlaton respectvely, accordng to the frst method of Mur et. al. (1992). Results and dscusson Durng the expermental perod hgher type I stablty was observed for Alex, Flamura 85, Areşan and Turda 2000 cultvars, whose productvty/spke attaned close values n the ecologcal condtons of the three expermental locatons. The cultvars Farmec, Expres and Decan attaned dfferent values dependng on locaton for the same trat, showng a low statc stablty. Regresson coeffcent values close to the unt that certfy a hgh dynamc stablty were regstered for the Bezostaa, Dela, Gret and Falnc cultvars, where spke yeld was proportonal wth the envronmental condtons for all three expermental locatons, hgher n favorable envronments and lower n unfavorable envronments, respectvely. n the wnter wheat cultvars studed n three locatons durng 2004/2007 Genetcs, Plant Breedng and Seed Producton 341
Hgh values for the genotype-envronment nteracton were observed for Farmec, Turda 95, Expres and Decan cultvars that ndcate a low dynamc stablty, attanng dfferent values for gran weght/spke, uncorrelated wth the ecologcal condtons from the testng locatons. 3 2,5 Expres Decan Farmec 2 GKGobe Dor GKOthalom Dropa Crna 1,5 Grua Ardeal Delabrad Regr.coeff Gret Falnc 1 Bezostaa Dela 0,5 Boema Lv34 Flamura85 Mean Turda2000 0. Arean Alex Romulus F4 1,5 2-0,5 Glora 2,5 3-1 Turda95 Gran weght/spke (g) Fg.1. Dagram of mean values and regresson coeffcents for grans weght/spke Mnmal values of devaton from the regresson lne and hgh type III stablty were observed for GkOthalom, Ardeal, Falnc, Flamura 85 cultvars. Alex, Dor and GkGobe cultvars have regstered low type III stablty, spke gran yeld values ndcatng also hgh devatons from the regresson lne for all three locatons. Accordng to the Fgure 1, cultvars Fundulea, Alex, Turda 2000 and Areşan showed large statc stablty assocated wth values of gran weght/spke superor to the experence mean. Cultvars Farmec, Expres, Decan and Delabrad have regstered gran yeld/spke values superor to the experence mean beng strongly nfluenced by genotype- envronment nteracton. Accordng to the Table 2 data, the hghest spke gran weght stablty assocated wth low and sgnfcant ecovalence values for these expermental years were regstered for the cultvars: Ardeal, Falnc and Bezostaa. Decan, Alex and Dor cultvars regstered large nstablty for the trat yeld/spke whch s gven by the hgh values of the ecologcal valence. The genotype-envronment nteracton analyss (Table 3) ndcates that the hghest stablty and low genotype-envronment nteracton, respectvely (below 2.2 % from the total value) was regstered for Bezostaa, Falnc and Ardeal cultvars. Hgh genotype- envronment nteracton assocated wth hgh nstablty was observed for Decan, Alex and Dor cultvars. These cultvars acheved mostly superor values for ths trat. Wth regard to gran weght 77.67 % of the genotype-envronment nteracton s due to the mperfect correlatons, therefore dfferent genotype stablty assessment based on mperfect correlatons mght be effcently used. As for mperfect correlatons, t has been observed that most stable values of the yeld/spke were regstered for the cultvars: Flamura 85, Bezostaa, Lovrn 34 and Falnc, that presented conspcuous close ranks comparng wth gran weght/spke obtaned n the three expermental locatons. Hgh values of devaton between ranks for ths trat ndcatng low stablty, were regstered for all expermental locatons n case of Decan, Fundulea 4 and Dor cultvars. 342
Stablty Analyss of Spke Yeld of Wnter Wheat Table 1. Grans weght/spke stablty through (Fnlay-Wlknson) lnear regresson for wnter wheat cultvars studed at three locatons durng 2004-2007 No Cultvar Mean Regr. Tp I Tp II Regr. Rezdual Tp III (g) coeffcent Stablty (range) Stablty (range) constant varance Stablty (range) 1 FLAMURA 85 1.87 0.033 2.5 16 1.80 0.007 4 2 FUNDULEA 4 2.35-0.146 5 19 2.66 0.155 20 3 ARIESAN 2.05-0.033 2.5 18 2.12 0.147 19 4 DROPIA 2.07 1.748 20 12-1.56 0.023 9.5 5 ARDEAL 1.83 1.351 15 6-0.97 0.001 1.5 6 BOEMA 1.81 0.492 8 8 0.79 0.138 17 7 CRINA 2.22 1.614 18 10-1.12 0.066 15 8 DELABRAD 2.28 1.564 17 9-0.96 0.051 14 9 DOR 2.18 1.856 22 14-1.67 0.260 24 10 DECAN 2.17 2.565 23 22-3.14 0.179 22 11 EXPRES 2.22 2.644 24 23-3.26 0.023 9.5 12 FARMEC 2.43 2.778 25 25-3.33 0.022 8 13 FALNIC 2.25 1.230 14 4-0.30 0.004 3 14 GLORIA 1.91-0.471 7 21 2.89 0.010 5.5 15 GRUIA 2.21 1.468 16 7-0.83 0.162 21 16 GRETI 2.04 1.214 13 3-0.47 0.014 7 17 TURDA 2000 2.08 0.067 4 15 1.94 0.140 18 18 TURDA 95 1.89-0.755 10 24 3.45 0.032 13 19 DELIA 2.11 0.863 11 2 0.32 0.026 11 20 ALEX 2.19-0.025 1 17 2.24 0.282 25 21 ROMULUS 1.80-0.250 6 20 2.32 0.119 16 22 LOVRIN 34 2.12 0.730 9 5 0.60 0.027 12 23 GK GOBE 2.02 1.823 21 13-1.75 0.200 23 24 GK OTHALOM 1.92 1.685 19 11-1.57 0.001 1.5 25 BEZOSTAIA 1.80 0.955 12 1-0.18 0.010 5.5 Table 2. Grans weght/spke stablty through ecovalence for wnter wheat cultvars studed n three locatons durng 2004/2007 No. Cultvar Mean (g) Ecovalence Ecovalence var. F value Stablty range 1 FLAMURA 85 1.87 0.08 0.01 0.01 9.5 2 FUNDULEA 4 2.35 0.26 0.08 0.01 20 3 ARIESAN 2.05 0.23 0.07 0.01 16.5 4 DROPIA 2.07 0.07 0.13 10.04 8 5 ARDEAL 1.83 0.01 0.07 196.98** 2 6 BOEMA 1.81 0.16 0.08 0.14 12 7 CRINA 2.22 0.10 0.13 3.06 11 8 DELABRAD 2.28 0.08 0.12 3.67** 9.5 9 DOR 2.18 0.32 0.26 1.03 23 10 DECAN 2.17 0.37 0.35 2.85** 25 11 EXPRES 2.22 0.23 0.28 23.20** 16.5 12 FARMEC 2.43 0.27 0.31 27.00** 21.5 13 FALNIC 2.25 0.01 0.06 28.93** 2 14 GLORIA 1.91 0.18 0.01 1.64 13.5 15 GRUIA 2.21 0.18 0.16 1.03 13.5 16 GRETI 2.04 0.02 0.06 7.93** 4 17 TURDA 2000 2.08 0.21 0.07 0.01 15 18 TURDA 95 1.89 0.27 0.04 1.36 21.5 19 DELIA 2.11 0.03 0.04 2.21 5.5 20 ALEX 2.19 0.36 0.14 0.01 24 21 ROMULUS 1.80 0.24 0.06 0.04 18 22 LOVRIN 34 2.12 0.03 0.03 1.51 5.5 23 GK GOBE 2.02 0.25 0.23 1.29 19 24 GK OTHALOM 1.92 0.04 0.11 212.51** 7 25 BEZOSTAIA 1.80 0.01 0.04 7.09** 2 Genetcs, Plant Breedng and Seed Producton 343
Table 3. Grans weght/spke stablty through (Mur) heterogeneous varances (HV) and mperfect correlatons (IC) for wnter wheat cultvars studed n three locatons durng 2004/2007 No. Cultvar Mean SS SS SS (g) (HV) (%) (IC) (%) (GE) (%) 1 FLAMURA 85 1.87 0.08 9.38 0.04 1.17 0.12 3.00 2 FUNDULEA 4 2.35 0.02 2.16 0.19 6.10 0.21 5.22 3 ARIESAN 2.05 0.02 2.24 0.18 5.64 0.20 4.88 4 DROPIA 2.07 0.02 2.21 0.09 3.02 0.11 2.84 5 ARDEAL 1.83 0.02 2.29 0.06 2.07 0.08 2.12 6 BOEMA 1.81 0.02 2.16 0.14 4.51 0.16 3.98 7 CRINA 2.22 0.02 2.27 0.11 3.46 0.13 3.19 8 DELABRAD 2.28 0.02 2.10 0.10 3.20 0.12 2.96 9 DOR 2.18 0.06 6.33 0.18 5.88 0.24 5.98 10 DECAN 2.17 0.09 10.17 0.17 5.61 0.26 6.63 11 EXPRES 2.22 0.06 7.17 0.13 4.28 0.20 4.92 12 FARMEC 2.43 0.08 8.45 0.14 4.46 0.21 5.35 13 FALNIC 2.25 0.02 2.56 0.06 1.97 0.08 2.10 14 GLORIA 1.91 0.06 6.47 0.11 3.59 0.17 4.24 15 GRUIA 2.21 0.03 2.88 0.14 4.64 0.17 4.24 16 GRETI 2.04 0.02 2.46 0.07 2.16 0.09 2.23 17 TURDA 2000 2.08 0.02 2.31 0.16 5.26 0.18 4.60 18 TURDA 95 1.89 0.03 3.66 0.18 5.91 0.22 5.40 19 DELIA 2.11 0.03 3.42 0.06 2.04 0.09 2.35 20 ALEX 2.19 0.02 2.38 0.24 7.76 0.26 6.56 21 ROMULUS 1.80 0.02 2.52 0.18 5.74 0.20 5.02 22 LOVRIN 34 2.12 0.04 3.96 0.06 1.97 0.10 2.42 23 GK GOBE 2.02 0.04 4.91 0.16 5.24 0.21 5.17 24 GK OTHALOM 1.92 0.02 2.03 0.08 2.60 0.10 2.47 25 BEZOSTAIA 1.80 0.03 3.52 0.05 1.73 0.08 2.13 Sum 0.89 22.33 3.10 77.67 3.99 100.00 Conclusons Farmec, Expres, Decan and Delabrad cultvars attaned values of gran weght/spke superor to the experence mean assocated wth a hgh genotype- envronment nteracton and well-suted for cultvaton n favorable condtons. Regardng the hgh stablty, Flamura 85, Romulus and Boema cultvars are recommended for cultvaton n less favorable envronments wthn the consdered regon. Fundulea 4, Alex, Turda 2000 and Areşan cultvars have demonstrated hgh statc (type I) stablty assocated wth values of spke gran weght superor to the experence mean. Moreover, these cultvars are best-suted for cultvaton n dfferent locatons from west part Romana. References Annccharco P. (2000): Genotype x envronment nteractons. FAO Plant Producton. and Protecton; Becker. H. B. and Leon. J. (1988): Stablty analyss n plant breedng. Plant Breed. 101:1-23; Chahal G.S.. Gosal S.S. (2002): Prncples and procedures of plant breedng. Alpha Scence. New Delh. Inda; Fnlay. K. W.. Wlknson. G. N. (1963): The analyss of adaptaton n a plant-breedng programme. Aust.J.Agrc.Res. 14: 742-754; Ln C.C. et. al.(1986): Stablty Analyss: Where do you Stand. Crop. Sc. 26: 894-900; Mur. W.. Nyqust. W. E.. Xu. S. (1992): Alternatve parttonng of the genotype- by - envronment nteracton. Theor.Appl.Genet. 84: 193-200; Tarakanovas P.. Ruzgas V. (2006): Addtve man effect and multplcatve nteracton analyss of gran yeld of wheat varetes n Lthuana. Agronomy research. 4 (1). 91-98; Wrcke G. (1962): Über ene Methode zur Erfassung der ökologschen Streubrete n Feldversuchen. Z. Pflanzenzüchtg.. 47: 92-96. sa2008_0318 344