Topics that will be discussed The Rock Cycle Igneous Rock Sedimentary Rock Metamorphic Rock
The Rock Cycle -Rocks The parent material for all rocks is MAGMA. What is MAGMA? -Rock forming Minerals Are: 1.) Quartz 2.) Feldspar 3.) Hornblende 4.) Mica
Rock formation occurs in the lithosphere. Different rocks form in different locations A rock on the surface may have once been 20 km underground.
Three Major Types of Rocks: Igneous: ( From Fire ) Forms from the slow or rapid cooling of magma. Sedimentary: Forms from sediment material being compressed and harden. Metamorphic: ( Changed Form ) Forms from extreme heat & pressure deep inside the earth.
The Rock Cycle & How it Works: All rocks on earth are a part of a large process called the Rock Cycle. In this cycle, rocks are created and changed by different processes.
Fig. 2.9 MAGMA
IGNEOUS Crystallization MAGMA
IGNEOUS Intrusive Crystallization MAGMA
Extrusive IGNEOUS Intrusive Crystallization MAGMA
Igneous Rocks-Where they form:
Weathering Extrusive IGNEOUS Intrusive Crystallization Uplift MAGMA
Weathering SEDIMENT Extrusive IGNEOUS Intrusive Crystallization Uplift MAGMA
Sediments-Where they form:
Weathering SEDIMENT Erosion Transport Extrusive IGNEOUS Intrusive Deposition SEDIMENTARY Crystallization Uplift MAGMA
Weathering SEDIMENT Erosion Transport Extrusive IGNEOUS Intrusive Deposition SEDIMENTARY Crystallization Uplift MAGMA
Sedimentary Rocks-Where they form:
Weathering SEDIMENT Erosion Transport Extrusive IGNEOUS Intrusive Deposition SEDIMENTARY Increased P&T Crystallization METAMORPHIC Uplift MAGMA Burial
Metamorphic Rocks-Where they form:
Weathering SEDIMENT Erosion Transport Extrusive IGNEOUS Intrusive Can you see any shortcuts? Deposition SEDIMENTARY Increased P&T Uplift Crystallization MAGMA METAMORPHIC Melting Burial
Weathering SEDIMENT Erosion Transport Extrusive IGNEOUS Intrusive Deposition SEDIMENTARY Increased H&P Uplift Crystallization MAGMA METAMORPHIC Melting Burial
Igneous Rocks: -A closer look- How are they classified & Where are they likely to be found
Igneous Rocks: Two Categories of Igneous Rocks: Igneous comes from the Latin term meaning Intrusive Igneous:- This is the term used to describe igneous rocks that are formed when magma cools deep below the earth s surface. FROM FIRE. Extrusive Igneous:- This term is used to describe igneous rocks that are formed when lava cools rapidly on the earth s surface
Intrusive Rocks 1. Intrusive- {inside the earth s crust} -Composed of large mineral grains that have a coarse- grained texture. -The slow loss of heat allows time for the minerals in the cooling magma to for the grains. -Example: the continental crust is made of granite which is a coarse-grained rock
Extrusive Rocks 2. Extrusive- {outside the earth s crust} -The rapid loss of heat to the air or sea water doesn t allow the time for the large grains to form. -Due to the fast loss of heat, a fine-grained rock is produced -Most of the grains can t be seen by the unaided eye. -Example: oceanic crust and Devil s Tower- made of basalt
3 Families of Igneous Rocks: 1.) GRANITE- {Intrusive, slow cooling magma} - FELSIC: light colored, less dense, large crystalline structure which are high in silica -Light Colored due to its components of: orthoclase, feldspar, and quartz. 2.) BASALT- {Extrusive, fast cooling magma} -MAFIC: dark colored, dense, fine crystalline structure which are low in silica but rich in iron. -Dark Colored due to its components of: plagioclase feldspar. 3.) DIORITE- {Mixed, slow then fast cooling magma} -Medium colored due to its components of: plagioclase, feldspar, hornblende, augite, and biotite mica.
Images of different Igneous Rocks Rhyolite Basalt Obsidian Diorite Diabase Gabbro Granite
Structures of Igneous Rocks:
Structures of Igneous Rocks:
Structures of Igneous Rocks: -Batholiths: (deep rock) Largest of all intrusions that forms when magma cools underground and stops rising to the surface. Batholiths from the core of many major mountain ranges. -Laccoliths: (lake of rock) Dome-shaped intrusion that flows between rock layers and spreads upwards. Laccoliths form small domeshaped mountains on the earth s surface. -Stock: The large column-shaped intrusion formation left after a volcano is dormant and the magma hardens. -Sill: Intrusions formed when sheets of magma flow between the layers of rock and harden. They are Parallel to the rock layers. -Dike: Intrusions formed when magma follows existing vertical cracks in the rock layers and hardens. Dikes follow cracks. -Lava Plateau: Flat masses of magma that flow out of the ground and harden.
Structures of Igneous Rocks:
Sedimentary Rocks: -A closer look- How are they classified & Where are they likely to be found
Sedimentary Rocks Compaction and Cementation are the basic processes that form sedimentary rocks. They are classified into Three types based on how they were formed: Clastic: Formed by compacted broken fragments of sediments. Chemical: Formed by dissolving of minerals in water. Organic: Formed by compaction of organic matter.
Clastic Sedimentary Rocks Conglomerates: Rocks formed of rounded gravel sized fragments cemented together. Breccia: If the fragments are irregular and have sharp corners they are called. Stratification, Ripple marks, Mud cracks, Fossils, and Concretions are some of Sedimentary Rocks features.
Images of different Sedimentary Rocks Shale Breccia Coquina Sandstone Conglomerate Sandstone
Metamorphic Rocks: -A closer look- How are they classified & Where are they likely to be found
Metamorphic Rocks All Metamorphic rocks are formed by Preexisting Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic rocks. They Are Formed Deep Under Ground in two ways: Contact Metamorphism: Contact with magma. Regional Metamorphism: Large areas of tectonic activity.
Metamorphic Rocks Metamorphic rocks are classified into Two Groups: Foliated: is a broad term referring to the alignment of sheet-like (banding) of minerals. Gneiss Quartzite Non-foliated: is a broad term referring that there is no preferred banding. The grains form a mass that is dense.
Images of different Metamorphic Rocks Slate Quartzite Marble Gneiss Serpentinite Schist
THE UNITED STATES DEFINED BY ROCKS
Approx Location of Wheatmore HS
(Sing to the tune of "Row, Row, Row Your Boat") First there is IGNEOUS rock Here since Earth was born Molten Lava, cooled and hardened That's how it is formed Then we have SEDIMENTARY rock Formed by rain and weather Little bitty tiny grains All tightly pressed together These two types of nifty rocks Can also be transformed With crushing pressure, and lots of heat METAMORPHIC they will form.