Cell System
The Cell System The main job of a cell is to make proteins Proteins make up almost all of our body. Proteins do a lot of different things! Structural (build bones, muscles, skin, etc.) Defensive (antibodies, etc. to fight diseases) Enzymatic (control processes such as digestion) Storage (help store things like potassium or iron) Transport (carry things to other cells in the body) And more!
The Cell System All organelles have a role to play in the making of proteins. All organelles together make up the cell system. A system is made of parts that work together!
Cell Membrane Its job is to let in nutrients that will be used to make proteins. It also lets out waste. INSTRUCTIONS: Draw/label/describe the cell membrane
There are 3 steps to the process STEP 1: Before making proteins STEP 2: Making proteins STEP 3: After making proteins
Step 1: Before Building Proteins In order to build a protein, we need 3 things: Instructions Energy Materials
Nucleus The nucleus holds the DNA, which contain the instructions for making all of the different kinds of proteins
Ribosomes The ribosomes build the proteins The blue arrow shows us that the nucleus is sending instructions to the ribosomes, so that they can build the proteins correctly
Mitochondria The mitochondria makes the energy that the ribosomes need to build the proteins This blue arrow shows us that the energy is being sent to the ribosomes
Cytoplasm (empty space) The cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance that fills the cell. It contains lots of materials (like chemicals) used to make the proteins. This blue arrow shows us that materials are being sent to the ribosomes, to be used to make proteins.
INSTRUCTIONS: Draw/label/explain: -nucleus (instructions) -mitochondria (energy) -cytoplasm (materials) -draw the arrows to show that these things are being given to the ribosomes.
Step 2: Building the Proteins There are 4 parts: Ribosomes BUILD the proteins Endoplasmic Reticulum MOVES the proteins Golgi Bodies FINISH the proteins Lysosomes GET RID of waste
This purple squiggle is a protein that has been built by the ribosome!
Lysosomes As the proteins are built, waste is produced. Lysosomes break down the waste material and send it out of the cell. This blue arrow shows us that waste is being sent out of the cell. waste
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Endoplasmic reticulum is like an assembly line. Once the proteins are built, it moves them along. (Rough ER has ribosomes attached. Smooth ER does not..) The blue arrow shows us that a ribosome is moving to the Endoplasmic Reticulum.
The ribosome has made a protein! Now that protein will move along the Endoplasmic Reticulum. The ER is how proteins are transported through the cell.
This blue arrow shows us that the protein is moving from the ER to the Golgi Body. Golgi Bodies (or Golgi Apparatus) The Golgi Bodies improve the protein and get it ready to be used.
INSTRUCTIONS: Draw/label/describe: -ribosomes BUILD proteins -Lysosomes GET RID of waste -ER TRANSPORTS proteins -Golgi bodies FINISH proteins
Step 3: After the proteins are built 3 things can happen to the protein. It can be: STORED in a vacuole (for later use) SENT OUT of the cell (for use somewhere else) SENT TO the cytoplasm (for use in the cell)
Now, the protein is finished. Where will it go? It can go 3 places.
It can move to a vacuole, to be stored until it is needed.
It can be sent out of the cell, for use somewhere else.
Or, it can be sent to the cytoplasm, to be used by this cell.
INSTRUCTIONS: Draw/label/describe: -STORED in a vacuole -SENT OUT of the cell -SENT TO the cytoplasm
The Cell System That s it! Be sure you know: The role that each organelle plays in the cell system (how it contributes to making proteins) A step-by-step process for how this happens You should be able to interpret this diagram: both the parts (organelles) and what each arrow represents