Section 1: Introduction Input Power Power Electronic Switching onverter Output Power ontrol Input Figure 1.1 Input Power: Output Power: D, A mains, randomly variable egulated under regenerative duty D, A, regulated and variable v, i, f, THD, PF, SH, etc Figure 1.2 ourse Outline 1 F. ahman/july 2010
Feedback quantities: Voltage, current, frequency, Torque, acceleration, speed, position, flux linkage, Temperature, pressure, flow, Any signal representing process to be regulated. Feed-forward quantities: Voltage, frequency, any signal representing change in the input condition which might affect the output with some delay. Operational performance: Efficiency, temperature rise of devices, PV, noise, F, THD, PF, IDF, volume, cost and reliability of the converter; Accuracy and dynamics of the output. ourse Outline 2 F. ahman/july 2010
Example of a D-D converter Figure 1.3 Example of an inverter drive Figure 1.4 ourse Outline 3 F. ahman/july 2010
Assumed knowledge (covered in a first course on Power Electronics e.g., ELE4614 at UNSW): Steady-state (equilibrium) characteristics of converter circuits in terms of the following: Knowledge of switch characteristics, PV, MS and D ratings of switching devices, losses in switching devices. ontrol ratio: e c or D or Versus V o in A-D, D-D and D-A converter circuits. Design of circuit parameters such as L and for 2 nd order converter and filter. haracteristics under M and DM. Input/output harmonics/ripples: F, THD, IDF, PF. Thermal design. ourse Outline 4 F. ahman/july 2010
ourse ontent for ELE9711 1. eview of characteristics of a few converter circuits treated in a first course. 2. Analysis of converter performance with non-ideal switches and circuit elements, selection of L and parameters for HF switching applications 3. Analysis of 4 th order D-D converter circuits 4. Dynamic representation of D-D converters, control system design, current limiting. 5. esonant converters, 6. onverters for utility applications, e.g., in HVD and high-power applications, Multi-level inverters; Matrix converters; ontrol of grid connected converters. 7. Modulation techniques, analysis and design 8. Application examples. 9. Simulation of converter systems ourse Outline 5 F. ahman/july 2010
ommonly used converter circuits T L V o D Load V sense I sense ontroller A Step-Down (Buck) D-D onverter (V o < ) i d i L D i D + v L T i c V o + I o (L d) A Step-Up (Boost) D-D onverter (V o > ) ourse Outline 6 F. ahman/july 2010
T D i D i L L V o i d + I o The Buck-Boost onverter (V o > or < ) i d N 1 :N 2 D i o v 1 v 2 T i T Isolated Flyback (Buck-Boost Derived) converter ourse Outline 7 F. ahman/july 2010
i d N 1 : N 2 v 1 v 2 D1 i D1 D2 L i L I o + v L V o T v T i T Isolated Forward (Buck-Derived) converter N 1 N 2 D 1 i L L v 1 v 1s v oi + v L V o v 2 v 2s N 1 N 2 T 1 T 2 D 2 Isolated push-pull converter ourse Outline 8 F. ahman/july 2010
1 T 1 /2 + v 1 N 2 N 2 D 1 i D1 L i L I o + v oi + v L V o 2 T 2 N 1 D 2 Isolated Half-bridge converter D s1 i L L T 1 T 4 T 3 D 1 D 3 + v 1 N 1 D T 2 4 D 2 N 2 N 2 v 1s v 2s + v L v oi V o I o D s2 Isolated Full-bridge converter ourse Outline 9 F. ahman/july 2010
B T1 D1 A L T2 Half-bridge D-A single-phase inverter i d T 1 D 1 A i o L + v o T 3 B D 3 T 4 D 4 T 2 D 2 Full-bridge D-A single-phase inverter ourse Outline 10 F. ahman/july 2010
P i d + /2 0V T1 D1 T3 A T5 D3 D5 B i a i b i c T4 D4 T6 D6 T2 D2 N /2 A B Three-phase D-A inverter ********************************************* * i 1 D 1 i L v s i p V max sin t v o L Vmax sin t i 2 D 2 Single-phase A-D rectifier circuits ourse Outline 11 F. ahman/july 2010
v o n v an v bn v cn i a i b i c D 1 D 3 D 5 D 4 D 6 D 2 i L Load L Three-phase A-D rectifier circuit 3-phase A Supply I d /2 I d /2 I d Load Six-phase A-D rectifier ourse Outline 12 F. ahman/july 2010
Vmax sin t Single-phase boost rectifier for sinusoidal input current v o n v an v bn i a i b i c D 1 D 3 D 5 i L L D 4 D 6 D 2 v cn Three-phase A-D boost rectifier for sinusoidal input current. ourse Outline 13 F. ahman/july 2010
~ ~ ~ 3-phaseA T1 T4 D1 A D4 T3 T6 D3 B D6 T5 T2 D5 D2 Three-phase A-D boost rectifier with bi-directional power flow Diode-clamped multilevel inverter/rectifier (m = 5) ourse Outline 14 F. ahman/july 2010
Five-level capacitor-clamped multilevel converter ********************************************* * ourse Outline 15 F. ahman/july 2010
a b c a i a i A A i a i b i c S Aa S Ba Sa S Aa S Ab S Ac i A A b i b S Ab S Bb S b i B B SBa SBb SBc i B B c i c i S a S b S c i SAc S Bc S c = or etc. (a) (b) Three-phase to three-phase matrix converter i p T1 T3 i L + V max sin t v o T4 T2 Single-phase A-D phase controlled rectifier. ourse Outline 16 F. ahman/july 2010
+V D /2 v o i a v an L s T 1 T 3 T 5 i Df i L n v bn i b i c D f Load L v cn L s T 4 T 6 T 2 V D /2 Three-phase phase half-controlled A-D rectifier. n v an v bn v cn i a i b i c +V D /2 T 1 T 3 T 5 T 4 T 6 T 2 v o i L L V D /2 Three-phase fully-controlled A-D rectifier ourse Outline 17 F. ahman/july 2010
3-phase A Supply I d /2 I d /2 I d Six-phase A-D controlled rectifier. ourse Outline 18 F. ahman/july 2010
Single- and multi-stage power converters A/D Input from Utility onverter A/D Output to Load Single-stage conversion A/D from Utility onverter 1 onverter 2 A/D Output to Load ontrol circuits ontrol circuits Two-stage conversion ourse Outline 19 F. ahman/july 2010
Examples 100V 340V Grid PV Array Boost onverter Single-phase inverter PV inverter systems ********************************************* * ourse Outline 20 F. ahman/july 2010
Generator ectifier/inverter Ind Gen A B A B Grid onverter for wind energy systems ********************************************* * Automobile traction drive systems ourse Outline 21 F. ahman/july 2010