namibia UniVERSITY OF SCIEnCE AnD TECHnOLOGY FACULTY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND SPATIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF GEO-SPATIAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY QUALIFICATIONS: DIPLOMA IN GEOMATICS BACHELOR OF GEOMATICS QUALIFICATIONS CODES: 06DGEM 07BGEM QUALIFICATIONS LEVEL: 6-06DGEM 7-07BGEM COURSE CODE: COURSE NAME: BASIC SURVEYING (Level 5) SESSION: NOVEMBER 2016 PAPER: THEORY DURATION: 3 HOURS MARKS: 100 FIRST OPPORTUNITY EXAMINATION QUESTION PAPER EXAMINER: Mr. F. J. Louw MODERATOR: Mr. E. Sinvula INSTRUCTIONS 1. You MUST answer Question 1 and ANY THREE OTHER QUESTIONS. 2. Write clearly and neatly. 3. Number the answers clearly. PERMISSIBLE MATERIALS 1. Calculators may be used as well as other drawing equipment THIS QUESTION PAPER CONSISTS OF 13 PAGES (Including this Front Page and 4 Data Sheets)
Question 1 Answer the following questions on Data Sheet 1, by selecting the correct statement for each: 1.1. In geodetic surveys higher accuracy is achieved, if: a. The curvature of the earth surface is ignored b. The curvature of the earth surface is taken into account c. The angles between the curved lines are treated as plane angles d. None of the above 1.2. Surveys concerned with the measurements and mapping of natural and artificial features of the earth, like hills, lakes, rivers, roads, railways, power lines, etc are: a. Engineering Surveys b. Cadastral Surveys c. Topographic Surveys d. Mining Surveys 1.3. A survey may be executed in several ways by different combinations of instruments and methods, and some parts of the work may require different treatment from others. The principle factors to be considered are: a. The purpose of the survey b. The extent of the survey c. The degree of accuracy required 1.4. The main purposes of surveying is: a. The art of making measurements of the relative positions of natural and man-made features on the earth's surface, and the presentation of this information either graphically or numerically b. The determination of the relative positions of points (natural or artificial) on the surface ofthe earth. c. The setting out on the ground of the positions of the points used in the construction, location of properties, etc d. band c 1.5. The quality of a Surveyor is: a. He must have a thorough theoretical and practical knowledge of his work. b. He must be honest and trustworthy and his judgment must be good c. He must have initiative; think clearly and without prejudice, tackling each survey with energy and perseverance. d. All the above 1 51 Opportunity Examination Page 2 of 13 November 2016
1.6. Determining the difference in height between two points relative to a reference plane, or relative to each other, by means of an instrument that provides a line of sight perpendicular to that of gravity i.e. a line of sight that is horizontal, is called: a. Barometric Levelling b. Direct Levelling c. Levelling d. Alloftheabove 1.7. A permanent reference point or mark, of known height is a: a. Witness Mark b. Reference Mark c. Bench Mark d. None ofthe above 1.8. The imaginary line passing through the optical centre of the object lens, through the telescope and through the eyepiece, is a: a. Contour Line b. Collimation Line c. Level Line d. Horizontalline 1.9. The first reading from a level station is: a. foresight b. back-sight c. intermediate sight d. any sight 1.10. The most common co-ordinate system for referring to the position of any definite point on the Earth's surface is: a. Geographical Co-ordinate System b. Plane Rectangular or Grid Co-ordinate System c. Polar Co-ordinate System 1.11. The purpose of observing a Reference Object (R.O.) is: a. To ensure that the horizontal circle of the instrument has not been disturbed while observing b. To orient the instrument to Zero South c. To orient the instrument to a trigonometrical beacon d. None of the above 1 51 Opportunity Examination Page 3 of 13 November 2016
1.12. Basic types of errors in surveying can be divided into two main groups, namely controllable and uncontrollable errors, of which uncontrollable errors are: a. Accidental Errors b. Gross Errors c. Systematic Errors 1.13. The basic method of determining a distance is: a. Taping b. Electronic Distance Measuring c. Staff Tacheometry 1.14. Observations that are closely grouped and the measurement (average value) is accurate, are: a. Accurate Observations b. Inaccurate Observations c. Precise Observations d. Accurate and Precise Observations 1.15. The requirement for traverse stations is: a. Stations should be at inaccessible positions b. A clear line of sight is required between the Stations c. The length of traverse legs must be as short as possible. d. None of the above 1.16. Contours of different elevations may meet only in the case of a. a vertical cliff b. a saddle c. a ridge d. an inclined plane 1.17. Two contour lines, having the same elevation: a. cannot cross each other b. can cross each other c. cannot meet d. can meet 1.18. Contour maps can be used for the following: a. To calculate the water capacities of reservoirs b. To trace a contour gradient for the road alignment c. To ascertain the indivisibility of points d. All the above 1 51 Opportunity Examination Page 4 of 13 November 2016
1.19. An inverted staff reading means: a. The levelling staff is held upside down b. The levelling staff is held between the back-sight and the foresight c. The levelling staff is held after the back-sight 1.20. An application of levelling is: a. Longitudinal section b. Cross section c. Contouring 1.21. The method to calculate a resection is: a. Bowditch Rule b. Collins' Q-point method c. Blunt's method d. band c 1.22. Fixing the plane coordinates of a point, by setting up on the unknown point, and observing a distance and direction to a known point, and a direction to another known point is called a: a. Intersection b. Polar c. Reverse Polar d. Join 1.23. The following correction needs to be applied on distances measured with a Total Station: a. Atmospheric Corrections b. Conversion to German Legal Metre c. Combined Sea Level and Scale Enlargement Correction 1.24. A traverse that starts at a known point (co-ordinated point) and ends at another know point (co-ordinated point) is a: a. Closed Traverse b. Open Traverse c. Loop Traverse d. None of the above 1 51 Opportunity Examination Page 5 of 13 November 2016
1.25. While viewing through a level telescope and moving the eye slightly, a relative movement occurs between the image of the levelling staff and the cross hairs. That means the instrument is: a. Not Correctly focused b. Said to have parallax c. Free of parallax d. All the above [25] Question 2 2.1. Use the following information to calculate co-ordinate for point C. (15) Co-ordinates Name A B V -6 836.515-10 973.129 X +247 355.618 +247 584.123 Angle at A = 38 Angle at B = 5r c A B 1 51 Opportunity Examination Page 6 of 13 November 2016
2.2. Use the levelling observations given on Data Sheet 2 to calculate final heights using the "Height of Collimation" method. All checks need to be shown and any misclosures needs to be distributed. (10} [25] Question 3 3.1. Calculate the co-ordinates of points TR1, TR2 and TR3 from the following data, by completing Data Sheet 3. Adjustment must be done by the Bowditch Rule. (13) Co-ordinates Name V X b.swp b. East - 4 680.110 + 62 348.590-10 917.978 + 61753.282 Traverse Leg b.swp to TR1 TR1 to TR2 TR2 to TR3 TR3 to b.east Oriented Direction 28r 05 ' 41" 260 06' 22" 262 18' 42" 243 32' 31" Final Horisontal Distance 1824.328m 1 769.365m 1506.927m 1404.871m 3.2. Obtain orientated directions for the traverse RP1 - Trav1 - Trav2 - RP2 by completing the direction sheet on Data Sheet 4. Do not calculate the traverse. (12) [25] Question 4 4.1. Define the term "Resection". (1) 4.2. The department wants to install a permanent base station on the roof of Poly Heights and you have done the following observations to determine the co-ordinates for POLY. Use Collins Q-point method to calculate the co-ordinates. Draw a sketch. (20} 1 51 Opportunity Examination Page 7 of 13 November 2016
Co-ordinates Name 1'1 Win3 1'1 Eros 1'1 Hohe y - 6 423.820-10 489.690-11071.260 X + 62 884.860 + 60 272.270 + 64 410.770 Final Observed Directions. @POLY Name 1'1 Win3 1'1 Eros 1'1 Hohe Fin. Observed Direction 70 00' 00" - Long Leg 215 04' 16" 292 06' 30" 4.3. Use the field observations below, which were observed at Koppie to obtain the final observed directions (No orientation needed). Show in table format. (4) @Ko~~ie HI= 1.678m Point/Station Circle Left Circle Right 1'1 Dune 175 27' 13" 355 27' 30" Top 214 17' 50" 34 18' 09" Low 41 08' 07" 221 08' 25" RO 175 27' 16" 355 27' 14" [25] Question 5 5.1. Calculate and apply all corrections to the observations (directions & distances) below. (10) @WP HI= 1.656m Point/Station Final Observed Direction Slope Distance Vertical Angle 1'1 OPDAM 284 04'22" 88 46'45" 1'1 DUBIS 49 27'55" 89 22'02" VRIES 151 59'10" 764.075 8r42'04" 1 51 Opportunity Examination Page 8 of 13 November 2016
Co-ordinates Name y X z b. OPDAM -55 893.240 + 113 141.220 b. DUBIS -36 570.010 + 124 538.370 WP Please note: -51257.400 + 111 979.000 1450.150 The Atmospheric Correction and Prism Constant Correction are already applied to all measured distances. Combined Sea level & Scale Enlargement Scale Factor= 1+ [(l/ (2R 2 }- H/R}], where R = 6 370km. 5.2. Calculate the Y X Z co-ordinates for point House, by using the following information and the observations at House. (15} ~Hab = H1- Hsig + Sab/Tan (Z} + (1-k}.S 2 / (2R} Where R is earth radius (use R = 6 370 km}, and k is an assumed relative ray curvature factor (use k = 0.13}. Ha= Hb- ~Hab Please note: ALL corrections are already applied to all measured distances. @House HI= 1.565m Point/Station Final Observed Direction Final Hor. Distance Vertical Angle b. Blauputz 315 11'19" 90 02'24" Kalk 75 19'23" 926.342 89 27'10" (Target=1.500m} Co-ordinates Name y X z b. Blauputz +37 057.410 + 228 354.540 Kalk +43 991.910 + 219 483.720 1378.158 (Ground Level} [25] 1 51 Opportunity Examination Page 9 of 13 November 2016
Student Number:---------- Data Sheet 1 Question 1 Question a b c d 1.1. 1.2. 1.3. 1.4. 1.5. 1.6. 1.7. 1.8. 1.9. 1.10. 1.11. 1.12. - - 1.13. 1.14. 1.15. 1.16. 1.17. 1.18. 1.19....... - - 1.20. 1.21. - r-- - - 1.22. 1.23. 1.24. 1.25. 1 51 Opportunity Examination Page 10 of 13 November 2016
Student Number:---------- Data Sheet 2 Question 2.2. Height of Collimation Levelling Sheet NOTE: The BOLD and Underlined values are the Inverted Staff Readings. NOTE: All answers must be rounded off to 3 decimal places Collimation Reduced Final Point B.S. I.S. F.S. Heights Heights Correction Heights TSM 201 1.756 1655.253 MH1 2.138 TP2 1.617 0.793 Kerb 1.355 Roofl 1.828 Roof2 2.123 TPS 1.010 2.451 TSM 202 2.234 1654.143 1 51 Opportunity Examination Page 11 of 13 November 2016
Student Number:---------- Data Sheet 3 Question 3.1. Bowditch Rule- Adjustment Sheet Note: All answers must be rounded off to 3 decimal places Oriented Directions and V) Final Horisontal z 0 Distances..., Differences STATION Final Co-ordinates tj.y tj.x y X tj.swp - 4 680.110 + 62 348.590 Trl Vl c..., 0 Q) +-' ro Tr2 :::::5 u ro u 1-0 z Tr3 0 0 tj.east -10 917.978 + 61753.282 1 51 Opportunity Examination Page12of13 November 2016
Student Number:---------- Data Sheet 4 Question 3.2. Direction Sheet 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Fin. Obs. Prov. Prov. Join Diff. I Fin Join Dir. I Fin STATION Direction Back Dir. Prov. Corr. Forward Dir. Corr. Dir. @ RPl ll Twee 18 46' 50" 18 46' 44" ll Tsaun 128 24' 35" 128 24' 28" Trav1 2or 44' 09" '.. @Travl RP1 21 44' 26" Trav2 251 08' 21" @Trav2. Trav1 7r 07' 53" RP 178 41' 44" @RP2 ll Sand 122 04' 21" 122 04' 30" ll Naub 25r 49' 50" 25r 50' o1" Trav2 358 41' 19" 1 51 Opportunity Examination Page 13 of 13 November 2016