22 4 Vol122, No14 2002 11 Acta Theriologica Sinica Nov1, 2002 1,2 3 3 4 5 1 (1,, 730000) (2,, 524048) (3,, 510000) (4,, 525000) (5,, 525000) : 2000 12 2001 3,, : 65127 156159, 1185 4143 ind1/ km 2 ; 2146 5190 ind1/ km 2, > > > 51139 18131 / km 2,,,, ( F = 16196 > F 0101, 3/ 30 = 4151 > F 0101, 3/ 36), 14 273109 5 863179 : ; ; ; ; : Q958112 : A : 1000-1050 (2002) 04-0270 - 70 [1 ( Manis pentadactyla) ],, (Nepal) (Sikkim) (Burma) ( Thailand) ( Indochina),, 1975 CITES, 1988, 1998 (V) [2 ], 14,,,,,, 2000 12 2001 3, ( Manis pentadactyla aurita),, : (WWF) ; : (1965 - ),,,, 1E - mail : wushibao @163. net1 : 2001-10 - 11 ; : 2002-04 - 29
4 : 271 1 ( 111 08 111 15, 22 14 22 17 ), 35134 km 2 20, 760 1 704 m,, 2214, 7 2811, 1 713, - 115, 300 d 1 725 mm, 4 8, ph415 515, 1 453 ( ) [3 ], 100, : ( Pinus massoniana ) ( Cunninghamia lanceolata ) ( Diospyros morrisiana ) ( Cinnamomum camphora ) ( C1 porrectum ) ( Melia azedarac) ( Vernicia fordii),, ; ; ( Muntiacus munt jak) ( Sus scrofa) ( Coptotermes formosanus) ( Macrotermes barneyi) ( Odontoter2 mes formosanus) ( Polyrhachis dives), 2 211,, : 11 4,,,,,,,,, [4, ], 12 ( ),,, 12,,, [4 8 ], 3 [4 ],,, 11 4,,,, 212
272 22,, (16109 km 2 ) (0146 km 2 ) (8153 km 2 ) (2151 km 2 ) 4, 78112 % 2000 12, 4 10, 3 km, 3 m, 0118 km 2, 1 10 000,,, GPS, 100 m 3 105 d 213 (D k ) D k = 1/ m d i, d i i, 2 = 1/ m d 2 i - D 2 k D k k, = t / ( m - 1) 1/ 2 2 t t ( m - 1) ; = (1/ m d i - D 2 k ) 1/ 2, ( D k, P = 1 - m 214 ( T) T = 1/ n t j, k ) T j, n, t j j,,,,,,,,, 1998 12 2000 3, 8 105 d A = 105/ T ( N k ) N k = S k ( D k k ) / A S k, N k k k 3 311 ( D k ) 2000 12 2001 3, 105 d 1 1 :,,, E = 16196 > F 0101, 3/ 30 = 4151 > F 0101, 3/ 36) 51139 18131 / km 2 312 105 d (A)
4 : 273 1998 12 2000 3, 8 2, 12125 3124 d, 9101 15149 d, 2000 12 3 105 d 6178 11165, 9122 1 (2000112 200113, = 012) Table 1 The density of pangolin burrows in different habitats in Dawuling Reserve (from Jan1 2000 to Mar1 2001, = 012) ( D k ) Types of habitat The total area of sample strips (km 2 ) The total number of sample strips Number of burrows Mean density ( D k, burrows/ km 2 ) ( k ) Error limit (P) Confidence 0118 10 20 111111 28106 80 % Mixed coniferous and broadleaf forest 0118 10 9 50100 17193 80 % Evergreen broadleaf forest 0118 10 6 33134 16199 80 % Shrub 0118 10 2 11111 10124 80 % Coniferous forest elevel 2 Table 2 Duration of pangolin residing in aburrow Number of burrows 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ( t j, ) 10 12 8 9 17 18 12 14 7 8 13 14 14 15 11 12 Residence time ( t j, d) (1115) (815) (1715) (1315) (715) (1315) (1415) (1115) ( T, ) Mean time for residence ( T, d) 12125 3124 313 2000 65127 156159, 1185 4143 ind1/ km 2 ; 2146 5190 ind1/ km 2, > > > ( 3) 314, 20 (, 3 591102 km 2 ) ( 8, 954155 km 2 ) [3 ], [2, ] 20
274 22 3114 1129 ind1/ km 2, 2000 (3 591102 + 954155) (3114 1129) = 14 273109 5 863179 3 Table 3 Number and density of pangolins in different habitats in Dawuling Reserve Mixed coniferous Evergreen broadleaf and broadleaf forest forest forest ( S k,) 0146 16109 2151 7151 26157 Area ( S k, km 2 ) ( N k ) 5154 1140 87126 31129 9108 4163 9105 8134 Number ( N k, ind1) Density (ind1/ km 2 ) Mean density in different habitats (ind1/ km 2 ) Mean density in the Reserve (ind1/ km 2 ) Shrub Coniferous 12104 3104 5142 1194 3162 1184 1121 1111 (110193 45166) 26157 = 4118 1172 (110193 45166) 35134 = 3114 1129 Total 4 411 7,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3 m,,,,,,,, 65127 156159,,,, ( Schima su2 perba) ( Adinandra millettii) ( Machilus chinensis) ( M1 thunbergii),,, [9 ],, 57138 % (35/ 61),,, ( Woodwardia japonica) ( Blechnum orientale) ( Gahnia tristis ) ( Miscanthus
4 : 275 floridulus) ( M1Sinensis), 60 120 cm,,,,,, 412,,,,,,,, 60 ( ), 2000 8 40913 20 136188 20 60 20 000,, 80 % [2 ] [10 ] [11 ] 1 5, 20 60 100 000, 1998 100 000 (1-80 %) = 20 000, (14 27312 5 863179 ) (5 000 20 000 ) [11 ] ( 10 000 ) (1 180 3 550 ) [12 ], 2000 :,,, : [1 ]. 1998 [ A ].,. [ C]. :, 1998. 130-138. [2 ]. [M]. :, 1998. 367-371. [3 ]. [M]. :, 1997. 195-205. [4 ],. [J ]., 1981, (1) : 40-41. [5 ] Masui M. Birth of Chinese pangolin Manis penadactyla at Ueno Zoo, Tokyo [J ]. Int Zoo Yb, 1967, (7) : 114-115. [6 ] Nowak R M. Walker s Mammals of the World [M]. Baltimore, Maryland, U. S. A : The John Hopkins University Press, 1991. 536-538. [7 ]. [J ]. ( ), 1998, (1) : 40-42. [ 8 ] Chao J T, Chen YM, Ye Y C, Fang K Y. Notes on a newborn Formosan pangolin, Manis pentadactyla pentadactyla [J ]. J Taiwan Mus, 1993, 46 (1) : 43-46. [9 ],,. [M]. :, 1998. [10 ],,,,. [J ]., 1997, 17
276 22 (1) : 31-42. [11 ]. [J ]., 1996, 23 (2) : 85-88. [12 ]. [J ]. ( ), 2000, 14-18. THE POPULATION AND DENSITY OF PANGOLIN IN DAWUL ING NATURAL RESERVE AND THE NUMBER OF PANGOL IN RESOURCE IN GUANGDONG PROVINCE WU Shibao 1,2 MA Guangzhi 3 TANG Mei 3 CHEN Hai 4 XU Zhaorong 5 LIU Naifa 1 (1 School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China) (2 Zhanjiang Normal College, Zhanjiang, 524048) (3 South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China) (4 Maoming Forest bureau, Maoming, 525000, Guangdong, China) (5 Dawuling Natural Reserve, Maoming, 525000, Guangdong, China) Abstract : A survey was conducted between December 2000 and March 2001 on the population and density of Chinese pangolin ( Manis pentadactyla aurita) in Dawuling Natural Reserve, Maoming, Guangdong Province, China. The results showed a population of 65127-156159 individuals with the average density of 1185-4143 ind1/ km 2 in this Reserve. The average pangolin density ranged 2146-5190 ind1/ km 2 in different habitats in the following order : mixed coniferous and broadleaf forest (9100-15108 ind1/ km 2 ) > evergreen broadleaf forest (3148-7136 ind. / km 2 ) > shrub (1178-5146 ind. / km 2 ) > coniferous forest (0110-2132 ind1/ km 2 ). The mean density of burrows in different habitats was 51139 burrows/ km 2 with the identical order as the pangolin density : mixed conifer2 ous and broadleaf forest (111111 burrows/ km 2 ) > evergreen broadleaf forest (50100 burrows/ km 2 ) > shrub (33134 burrows/ km 2 ), coniferous forest (11111 burrows/ km 2 ). The difference in pangolin burrow density among habitats was highly significant at P < 0101. According to the density of pangolin population in Dawuling Natural Re2 serve, it was estimated that a population of 14 273109 5 863179 individuals in Guangdong Province. Key words : Pangolin ( Manis pentadactyla aurita) ; Population ; Density ; Dawuling Natural Reserve ; Guangdong Province