NATIONAL MAPPING EFFORTS: THE PHILIPPINES Dr. RIJALDIA N. SANTOS DENR National Mapping and Resource Information Authority (NAMRIA) May 30, 2018 Land Cover/Land Use Changes (LC/LUC) and Its Impacts on Environment in South/Southeast Asia International Regional Science Meeting May 30, 2018 Manila, Philippines
Outline of Presentation Background Past Initiatives National Forest Resources Inventories National Land Cover Mapping: 2003, 2010, 2015 Current Land Cover Mapping Project (2017-2020) Issues and Concerns Way Forward
Background Total area: 30M ha Legal status: Forestland (FL): 53% Alienable & Disposable: 47% Forest cover: 7M ha (23.7%) Population: 100.98M
Past Initiatives 1 st NFRI Project (1969) aerial photographs (1962-1968) supported with forest inventory/ground measurement Bureau of Forestry and CERTEZA Surveying Inc. 2 nd NFRI Project (1988) satellite imageries (Landsat1982-85) aerial photographs for NE Mindanao taken in 1979 supported with ground measurement Bureau of Forest Development with assistance from GTZ and FAO
2003 Land Cover Mapping Objective: to generate a national forest cover data based on a classification scheme consistent with international standards for global reporting& integration data source: Landsat7 ETM, 30m res. 21 categories, detailed classification of forest areas visual interpretation started in the last quarter of 2002 preliminary maps were completed within a year no ground validation NAMRIA & FMB collaboration
Pacific Ocean INDEX OF LANDSAT ETM West Philippine Sea 40 scenes (taken mostly in 2002)
Land Cover Categories 1 Closed forest, broadleaved STANDARD CLASSIFICATION based on FAO-FRA Project Field Inventory Manual 2 Closed forest, mixed 3 Closed forest, coniferous 4 Open forest, broadleaved 5 Open forest, mixed 6 Open forest, coniferous 7 Mangrove forest 8 Forest plantation, broadleaved 9 Forest plantation, coniferous 10 Other wooded land, shrubs 11 Other wooded land, fallow 12 Other wooded land, wooded grassland 13 Other land, natural, barren land 14 Other land, natural, grassland 15 Other land, natural, marshland 16 Other land, cultivated, annual crop 17 Other land, cultivated, perennial crop 18 Other land, cultivated, pastures 19 Other land, fishpond 20 Other land, built-up area 21 Inland water
2003 LAND COVER MAP LEGEND Closed forest, broadleaved Closed forest, mixed Closed forest, coniferous Open forest, broadleaved Open forest, mixed Open forest, coniferous Mangrove forest Forest plantation, broadleaved Forest plantation, coniferous Other wooded land, shrubs Other wooded land, fallow Other wooded land, wooded grassland Other land, natural, barren land Other land, natural, grassland Other land, natural, marshland Other land, cultivated, annual crop Other land, cultivated, perennial crop Other land, natural, pastures Other land, fishpond Other land, built-up area Inland water
2010 Land Cover Mapping Data sources: ALOS AVNIR-2 (10m) : 116 scenes (62%) SPOT 5 (10m) : 40 scenes (22%) LANDSAT (30m) : 29 scenes (16%) 14 aggregated categories visual interpretation with ground validation and accuracy assessment
ALOS AVNIR-2
Accuracy Assessment for 2010 Land Cover Maps Accuracy Assessment was calculated by province by overlaying the ground validated sample data over the preliminary map and presenting the success or failure of the matches in a Confusion matrix. Overall accuracy was 89%
2010 LAND COVER MAP LEGEND Closed Forest Open Forest Shrubs Wooded Grassland Grassland Fallow Perennial Crop Annual Crop Built-up Open/Barren Mangrove Forest Marshland/Swamp Fishpond Inland Water
2015 Land Cover Mapping Data sources: Landsat 8 (2014 onwards), 30m res Reference data: Google Earth Topographic maps Ground truth data IFSAR data for coastline 12 aggregated categories digital classification (OBIA ecognition software) with ground validation and accuracy assessment
DIGITAL CLASSIFICATION PROVINCE OF ALBAY Landsat 8 Path 114 Row 051 Mosaic Dates taken: April 1, 2015 April 17, 2015 May 19, 2015 RESULT OF DIGITAL CLASSIFICATION
NAMRIA Topographic Map Google Earth Image (Dec 2015) PRELIMINARY CLASSIFICATION
METHODOLOGY Legend:
METHODOLOGY Legend:
Ground validation: 10 sample points per class/province Field information gathered were tabulated indicating actual classification
2015 Land Cover Mapping After Accuracy Assessment and Editing Validated Land Cover Maps are presented to DENR regional & provincial offices local government units (LGUs) other stakeholders for comments Final mapping Layout and Printing Publication and Distribution DENR regional & provincial offices, LGUs uploading to the Philippine Geo-portal (www.geoportal.namria.gov.ph)
Current Land Cover Mapping (2017-2020 cycle) Data source: Sentinel-2 (2017 onwards), 10m res Reference data: Google Earth Landsat 7/8 Topographic maps Ground truth data 12 aggregated categories digital classification (OBIA ecognition software) with ground validation and accuracy assessment
Issues and Concerns High acquisition cost: a. satellite imageries (high resolution & nationwide) b. hardware c. RS/GIS processing software Different data sources /resolutions /methodologies for consecutive cycles Persistent cloud cover in some areas Different data sources with various resolutions, date of observation, to fill the gaps Absence of official data on administrative boundaries & total area by province
Issues and Concerns Effect of different data sources/resolutions and methodologies (visual & digital classification, vector & raster converted to vector outputs) on the over-all accuracy of land cover change analysis Limitations of available data to meet mapping requirements Peace and order, security and accessibility concerns Sustainability of funding support over time
Way Forward Acquisition of higher resolution imageries at regular intervals Enhance digital classification procedures including accuracy assessment and land cover change analysis based on previous cycle learnings Collaboration with other institutions in further enhancing methodologies and data sharing Regular updating of land cover data on a 4-5 year cycle or less (ie. every 2 year cycle with additional funding support)
Way Forward Capacity building for technical staff on digital classification, accuracy assessment and land cover change analysis Use of drones for field validation On-going initiative: Participatory Land Use Mapping Project to capacitate local government units (LGUs) in mapping existing land use and updating it at a future time. NAMRIA to integrate and produce a national land use map. Currently on a pilot study in one (1) province.
Conclusion National mapping efforts provide opportunity to update land cover on a regularly on a regular basis. This updates enable us to monitor and detect significant changes in the environment and resources over time, and as input in implementing policies and plans to ensure protection and sustainability of resources both on the local and national levels Recent and accurate nationwide land cover is an essential requirement in developing the national GHG inventory estimates required for country GHG reporting.
Department of Environment and Natural Resources National Mapping and Resource Information Authority Lawton avenue, Fort Bonifacio, Taguig City, Philippines Website: http://www.namria.gov.ph