tnemi Ωw A\nkvemanIw tni q auehnbpss Jp B\nI Z i\ßƒ `mkw 11 tum: A_vZp Peo ]ps msv.

D -S w tnem-i Ω-Ønse axhpw imkv{xhpw... 8 tnem-i Ωw A w Ncn{Xw...10 tnem-i Ωw kao-]-im-e-n-cn{xw... 19 tnem-i Ω-Øn ]Xn-bn-cn- p A]-I-S-ßƒ...23 "tnem-i Ωw A\n-kvem-anIw' F -Xns Jp -B-\nI sxfn-hp-iƒ... 34 tnem-i Ωw Jp -B hncp w F -Xn\p {]_-e-amb Nne-sX-fn-hp-IƒIqSn...39 "Ckvemw' F m Atd-_y kwkvim-c-a-...!... 47 kp -Ømb F m Bcm-[-\-Ifpw Jp -B hncp w..!...52 tnem-i Ωw A\n- m-aniw F -Xns G hpw i -amb Hcp Jp -B-\nI sxfn-hv...!...52

apj-hpc CHELAKARMAM ANISLAMIKAM (Language Malayalam) Ist Edition : October 2006 Copy : 2000 Author : Dr. M. Abdul Jaleel, Puttekkad Address : Edakkayil House Puttekkad, Feroke Kerala-673 631 Price Rs. : 30.00 Publishers : Khur-an Sunnath Society K.S.S. Office, Market Road, Feroke, Calicut, Kerala, India 673 631 tnem-i Ωw A\n-kvem-anIw tum: Fw. A_vZp Peo ]ps - msv Hcp "Jp -B kp -Øp-skm-ssk n' {]kn- o-i-cww tni- q aue-hn-bpss BI-kvan-I-amb A yw Rßsf h msx thz-\n- n- p-ibpw Aº-c- n- p-ibpw snbvxn-cp- p. B Aº-c pw thz-\bpw \my-\n- mø Ah-ÿbpw GXm\pw amk-ß-tfmfw \o p- \n p-ibpw snbvxp F Xpw Hcp hkvxp-x-bm-wv. F nepw Zo L- Zr-jvSn-tbmsS At±lw cnn {KŸ-ßƒ Rßƒ p hfsc klm-b-iambn. "A -c-ßƒ' F m " cw ] m-øxv' \-in- m-øxv F m- Ws m A w. hnip Jp -B-\n-s bpw At±lw ÿm]n Jp - B kp Øp {]ÿm-\-øn-s bpw A\-iz-cX At±-l-Øns A c-ß-fn-eqss Rßƒ I p...! At±lw ]d-bm _m n-sh ]expw ]d-bm\pw Fgp-Xm\pw Cubp- -h\v ss[cyw \ In-bXv At±-l-Øns {KŸ-ßƒ Xs..! C v Jp -B kp Øp {]ÿm\w kºq Æhpw kº- -hp-ambn-cn- p- p. aue-hn-bpss hntbm-km-\- cw {]ÿm-\-øn-te- p-h Nne appm-ln-zp- -Pam-A-Øp-]-WvUn-X- m-cpss {]kw-k-ßfpw {]_- - ßfpw ]pkvx-i-ßfpw BZ i _ p- -fpss \nkzm -amb kl- I-c-Whpw {]h Ø-\-ßfpw "kp -Øp- -Pp-am-AØv' F Jp -B hncp kwl-s-\-bpss GXp coxn-bn-ep IpX-{ -ß-sfbpw t\cn-sm Jp -B kp Øp {]ÿm-\sø ]cym-]vx-am- n-bn-cn- p- p. A lw- Zp-en- m... tni- q auehn ]d-bm _m n-sh Hcp hnj-b-amwv "tnem- I Ω-w A\n-kvem-anIw' F Cu sim p IrXn-bn-eqsS Cubp -h Ah-X-cn- n- p- -Xv...! Cu {KŸ-Øns cn-\m-th-f-bn Fs klmbn aqxq A_q-_- auehn, kmenw-lmpn, aplωzv CIv_m I n-sn-, apl-ω-zp-æn-au-ehn amd-t -cn, apozv kp an D{K-]pcw, tum: su n-k (D.O.C) XpS-ßnbhtcm-Sp \μnbpw IS- mspw ChnsS tcj-s -Sp-Ø-s..! F v, hn\o-x tum: Fw. A_vZp Peo ]ps - m-sv. K.S.S. Hm^o-kv, am v tdmuv, ^tdm v 673 631 2 3

AXyp-Zm-c\pw Icp-Wm-\n-[n-bp-amb A m-lp-hns Xncp-\m-a-Øn BapJw hnip Jp -Bt\m apl-ωzv \_ntbm ]Tn- n- mø AXn- {Iq-chpw ss]im-nn-i-hp-amb Hcm-\m-Nm-c-amWv "tnem-i Ωw' (Circumcision) F "kp Øv Iey-mWw.' t\ ark-ß-fmb H -Iß-fp-sSbpw BSp-I-fp-sS-bp-sams ImXp-Iƒ Iodn-ap-dn v ASbmfw hbv p Hcp ]Xnhv Ad-_n-Iƒ p- m-bn-cp- p. A mlp-hns krjvsn-l-s-\sb Ae-t m-e-s -Sp-Øp Ad-_n-I-fpsS B A\m-Nm-csØ ss]im-nniw (4:118, 119) F mwv Jp -B\pw apl-ωzv \_nbpw A[n-t -]n- Xv. e -Øn As - n ]Øp e -Øn Hcp sxωm-sn v I p-ip-snbpw hy`n-nm-chpw {]Ir-Xn-hn-cp \S-]-Sn-I-fpw a p-ambn IpØ-gn PohnXw \bn- p-tºmƒ Ah-cpsS enwk-øn\pw tbm\o-\m-f-øn-\p-sams Iym k hcp p F ImcWw ]d- p-sim v \njvi-f- cpw \n -lm-b-cp-amb Ip n-i-fpss enwkm- {K-N Ωw apdn- p-i-f-bp- Xv X\n {Iqchpw A]-lm-ky-hp-am-Wv. tnem-i Ωw axm-nm-c-ambn ]men- p-h-cp C-{k-tben PqX- mcn enwk-øn\v Iym k D -h ]qpyw ix-am-\-am-sw- n tnem-i Ωw snømø hrøn-bn \S- p \ΩpsS lnμp 4 5

ktlm-z-c- m-cnepw {InkvXym-\n-I-fnepw enwk-øn-\p Iym k _m[bpw ]qpyw ix-am-\-am-wv. At mƒ sszhw ]Tn- n- -Xpt]mse hr-øn-bn \S- pi F -XmWv Imcyw. "hrøn-bp- -hscbpw snbvxv t]mb sx p-i-fn ] m-ø]n v asßp- -h-tcbpw sszhw CjvS-s -Sp p' (2:222 ) F v Jp -B ]d- -txm p- I. A msx tnem-i Ω-Øn bmsxmcp imkv{x-hp-an-, ax-hpan-. AXv C mw axm-nm-c-a-. AXp \_ntbm Jp -Bt\m ]Tn- n kp -Øp-a-. Atd-_y-bn D m-bn-cp Hcp PqX ]mc- ºcyw am{x-am-w-xv. ssewkni thgvn-bpss ]cn-]q Æ-X pw Imtam-±o-]-\-Øn\pw B enwkm{k N Ωw klm-bn- p-sa v ssewkni imkv{x hnz-kvz- m-cmb tumivs am A`n-{]m-b-s -Sp- p...!! ImcWw kv{xo pw ]pcp-j\pw Hcp-t]mse [mcmfw kv] i\ kpjw \ Ip Imtam-±o-]-I-amb, (erotic), [mcmfw Rc-ºp-Ifpw t]in-i-fp-a-s-ßp Hcp `mk-am-wv {]kvxpx IncmX \S-]-Sn-bn-eqsS tumivsdpw H m\pw tn p apdn- p-i-f-bp- Xv...!! tn-em-i ΩsØ AwKo-I-cn- p-, tnem-i Ω-Øn (Non- therapeutic neonatel circumcision ) Fs - nepw KpWtam imkv{xtam, Ds v AwKo-I-cn- p Hcp sa-un- kwl-s- \-I-fpw C v temi-øn F -dn-bp-i. am{x-a-, ap -Øn-sb-t mfw Imc-W-ß-fmWv tnem-i Ω-Øn-s\-Xnsc {]Xn-I-cn- p tumivs am, tnem-i Ω-Øn-s\-Xn-cmbn FSp-Øp- -cn- p- -Xv... (Visitwww.doctorsopposingcircumcision, www.mothersagainstcircumcision). ax-øn bmsxmcp \n - -hp-an-.(2:256, 18:29, 10:100, 89:22) A m-lp-hns hn-\-ßƒ t]mepw Nn n p ]Tn- - msx \nßƒ kzoi-cn- -cp-xv. (47:24, 38:29, 25:30, 73). "\nßƒ {KŸw Npa- p Igp-X-I-fm-I-cpXv' Fs m-s -bp XXz-ßƒ Jp -B\pw apl-ωzv \_nbpw ]Tn- 6 n- p-tºmƒ, B hnip {KŸsØ ]mts Ah-K-Wn- p-sim v Pohn-Xhpw axhpw sszhhpw Fs - -dn-bmø \n -lm-b\pw \njvi-f- -\p-amb Hcp Ip n-bpss ico-c-ønse G hpw D IrjvSamb Hc-h-b-h-Øns enwk-øns Hcp `mkw Ah axhpw sszhhpw F m-sw- -dnbp- -Xn\p apºv Adp-Øp-am- p- Xv XnI ImS-Ø-chpw ax-{`m pw am{x-am-wv. \n - nx ax- ]-cn-h Ø-\-Øns G hpw {]mir-x-amb Hcp cq]-hpamwxv(am w tn = am Ieym-Ww). BIm-ihpw `qanbpw Ah-bv n-s-bn-ep- Xpw aæn-\-sn-bn-ep- Xpw a\p-jy-ico-c-hp-sa mw XnI pw A\yq-\-amb coxn-bn, AXn-a-t\m-l-cambn krjvsn- Xv km m A m-lp-hm-sw- pw, Aßn-s\-bp B A m-lp-hns krjvsn-l-s-\-bn Fhn-sSbpw Hcp Ipg- hpw Is -Øm \nßƒ v Ign-bn-s pw Jp B Zi- -W- n\v ÿe-ß-fn DW Øp- p. (67:3,4, 64:3, 51:21, 30:30, 40:64, 87:1, 82:6, 7, 95:4, 20:6,8, 20:50, 51, 27:88) At mƒ G hpw at\m-lcw (95:4) F p Jp -B ]cn-n-b-s -Sp-Ønb a\p-jy-i-co-c-ønse, G hpw al-ømb Hc-h-b-h-Øns enwk-øns A w A\mh-iy-ambn \nßƒ apdn- p-i-f-bp- Xv F n-\mwv F mwv Jp - B hnizm-kn-i-fmb \ap v kp n- appm-ln-zv Pam-AØv auehn-am-tcmsv tnmzn- m-\p- -Xv...! Hcp NnIn F \nebv v tnem-i ΩsØ F m ax- mcpw AwKo-I-cn- p- p- v. Jp -B\pw AXwKo-I-cn- p- p. F m Jp -B-\n-en- mø Jp -Bt\m apl-ωzv \_ntbm ]Tn- - n- mø Hcm-Nmcw, C mw-axw F t]cn A\p-jvTn- p- Xv Jp -B-\nI ZrjvSym in v t]mse h Ip -am-sw pw AXv ldm-am-sw pap Jp B\nI ]mtw \mw ad- m-xn-cn- p-i...!!! 7

tnem-i Ω-Ønse ( ]cn-to-z-\w Circumcision) axhpw imkv{xhpw 8 hnip Jp -B-\n Hcp kqn-\- t]m-epan m-øxpw \_n-snbvxn- n- m-øxpw ap ow ]pcp-j- m-tcmspw kv{xoi-tfmspw Ip pß-tfmspw snøp G hpw henb Hc{I-ahp-amWv kp Øv I ymww F "tnem-i Ωw'. \_n-bp-ssbpw 4 Jeo-^-am-cp-sSbpw ImeØv Atd-_y PqX- m Iq w Iq -ambn \_n-bpss tncnbntebv v h -t mƒ Ah-cn D m-bn-cp Hc\m-Nmcw AtX- ]Sn \ne-\n- p. CuPn]vXv, kpum, FtXym]y XpS-ßnb cmpy-ßfn s] Ip- niƒ t]mepw tnem-i ΩØn\v Cc-bm-Ip- p- v. apbhn-b-bpss Jp -B hncp cmp`c-w-im-eøv B A\m-Nmcw Hcp kp -Ømbn \ne-\n Øm\pw {]N-cn- n- m\pw apb-hnbbpw A_qlp-ssd-d-bpw 800 injy- mcpw {]txyiw {]Nm-c-the \S-ØpIbpw snbvxp. AXp-am-{X-amWv ap ow- ]pcp-j am snøp tnem-i Ω- Øns ASn-ÿm-\w. A msx Jp -B-\ntem bym \_n-n-cybntem tnem-i Ω-Øn\v bmsxmcp ASn-ÿm-\-hpw ImWp- n-. tnem-i Ω-Ønse axhpw imkv{xhpw \ap-s m v ]Tn- mw. AXn-\p-ap-ºmbn A ]w Ncn-{Xhpw \mw ]Tn-t - -Xp- v. ssewkn- IX (ssew-kni Nn m-k-xnbpw ssewkni thgvn-bpw) ]m]-am-sw pw AXv snip-øms {]h Ø-\-am-sW pw ]pcm-x\ ImeØv Nne PqX- m hniz-kn- p-ibpw {]N-cn- n- pibpw snbvxn-cp- p. am{xa, {]m n- p-tºmƒ aq{x-øns Awiw enwkm-{k-n Ω-Øn (Foreskin-]pcpj enwk-øns A{Kw Bh-cWw snbvxn-cn- p N Ωw awn- -Zw Prepuce ) Xßn \n p- Xv alm ]m]-amsw pw aq{x-øp n \P-km-sW pw "Xp n aq{xw' sxmen-bn Xßn-\n- m Ah-cpsS {]m -\bpw \a-kvim-c-hpsam pw sszhw kzoi-cn- p-i-bn F pw Nne PqX-d- n-am \nb-a-am- p-ibpw {]Ncn- n- p-ibpw snbvxn-cp- p. PqX- m-cpss Aan-X-amb Bcm-[\ {`m ns\ Jp -B FXn p- p v. am{x-a, aq{xw \P-km-sW v Jp -B FhnsSbpw kqnn- n- p- n-. At mƒ ssewkni thgvn-bn Hcp A]q WX ssih-cp-øm\pw enwkm-{k-n Ω-Øn "Xp n aq{xw' Xßn \n p- Xv XS-bm-\pw th n temi-øm-zy-ambn enwk- Øns A -Øp sxmen apdn pi-f enwkm-{k-n Ωw tozn - -BZysØ - ax-hn-`m-k-am-bn-cp p PqX- m. 9

tnem-i Ωw A w Ncn-{Xw (History of Circumcision) ssewkn-ix (ssew-kni Nn m-k-xnbpw ssewkni thgvn-bpw) ]m]-am-sw v Nne ]pcm-x\ tkm{x-ßfpw PqX tkm{x-ß-fpw hnizkn- n-cp- p. C{_mlnw \_n-bpss Ime-L- -Øn\v F{Xtbm \q m- p-iƒ v apºv Xs (kpam 6000 h j-ßƒ v apºv) Ing- B{^n- -bnse Nne Im p-tkm-{x-ß-fn tnem-i Ωw F BNmcw \ne \n n-cp- -Xmbn ImWmw C{_mlnw \_nbmwv tnem-i Ωw Bcw-`n- Xv F kp n hnizmkw sx msw v kmcw. kpum, en_n-b, FtXym]y, tkmamenb XpS-ßnb \msp-i-fnse Nne ]pcm-x\ IpSpw-_-ßfpw tkm{x-ßfpw Xß-fpsS tkm{x- msc ]c-kv]cw Xncn- -dn-bm th n \ Np p-]-gpø \o teml- -ºn-Iƒ NqSm n Igp-Ønepw amdnepw apjøpsams at\ml-c-amb ]msp-iƒ krjvsn- p-am-bn-cp- p. acww hsc B ]msp-iƒ (Scar) t]mim-ø-xp-sim v GXv Ime-L- -Øn-epw Ahsc Xncn- -dnbm Ffp- -am-bn-cp- p. Ing- B{^n- -bnse Nne ImS mcpw Nne Im -d_n tkm{x-ßfpw enwk-øns A -Øp sxmen apdn- pam n Cßs\ AS-bmfw sh n-cp- p. kpam 6000 h j-ßƒ v apºv, CuPn-]vXn-emWv tnem-i Ωw Hcp axm-nm-c-ambn Bcw-`n- Xv F v ]ecpw A`n-{]m-b-s -Sp- p. k m-cm-[-\-bp-ambn (Snake worship) tnem-i Ω-Øn\v _ -ap-s - mwv Hcp-Iq- Icp-Xp- -Xv. ]mºp-iƒ AXns ]pdw-sxmen (Dd) Dcn-bp- -txmss, \ Xnf- hpw an\p-k-hp-ap ]pø sxm-en-tbmss ]pd-øp-h-cp- Xv CuPn- ]vxnse Nne {]mirx h - m I n-cp- p. AtXm-Sp-Iq-Sn-B-]m- 10 ºp-Iƒ A\-iz-c-am-Ip-sa v (immortal) Ah hniz-kn- p. a\pjys enwkm{k N Ωhpw ]mºns Bh-c-Whpw Hcp-t]msebmsW- mbn-cp p Ah-cn Nne-cpsS hnizm-kw. (snake skin = foreskin). enw- Km{K N Ωw apdn- p-am- p- -txmss ico-c-ønse Hc-\m-hiy `mkw apdn- p-am- p- -Xp-t]m-se-bmWv Ah Icp-Xn-bn-cp- -Xv. enwkm{k N Ωw (foreskin) apdn- p-am- p- -txmss enwkw hfsc " o ' Bbn Fs pw \ne-\n pw F pw Ah Icp-Xn. CuPn-]vXp-Imcn \n mwv PqX am pw, Ad-_n-Iƒ pw Cu BNmcw In nbxv. IrkvXphn\v(Cukm-\_n v) 2850 h jw ap ]v(-_n.-kn. 2850) CuPn- ]vxn Pohn- n-cp, sshzy-tem-isø Hc-Xn-Im-b-\mbn Adn-b-s - Sp "CwlsS v' BWv kp Øv \n _- -am- n-b-sx v kn.-si.- cm-a-n-{μ A`n-{]m-b-s -Sp- p. CuPn-]vXnse `c-w-im-cy-ß-fn, ^tdmhsb (^n -Hu-s\) klmbn- n-cp ^tdm-h-bp-ss "{Xn-aq Øn-Iƒ' F -dn-b-s - n-cp CwlsS- v, Smtlm-sS- v,-si-skav\n F n-h-cn ]e-xp-sim pw A{K-K- Wy-\m-bn-cp p, Hcp sshzy-im-kv{x-hn-im-c-z-\m-bn-cp " Cwl-sS v'. ^tdm-h-bm-bn-cp tkmk-dp-ssbpw, sim m-c-ønse At -hm-kn-ifp-ssbpw `nj-kz-c Cwl-sS v Bbn-cp- p.-sim- m-c-ß-fn CwlsS v \S-Ønb sshzy imkv{x-{k-ÿ-ß-fp-ssbpw, \nco- -W-ß-fpsSbpw hnh-c-w-ß-f-s-ßnb "]m n-dkv Npcp-fp-Iƒ' \ap v e`n- n- p- v. " Cut_gvkv ]m n-dkv' F -dn-b-s -Sp Cu ]pcm-x\ {KŸ- Np-cp-ƒ temi-ønse G hpw henb sshzy-hn- m\ tcj-i-fn-sem- m-wv. Cwl-sS- ns Ime-ØmWv " ]cn-t -Z\w ' AYhm "kp Øv'(circumcision) \n _- -am- n-b-sx mwv Icp-Xp- - Xv. AXp-sIm- p t\ -ßƒ hnh-cn- Xpw icn-bmb hn[-øn kp Øv \S-tØ coxn Bhn-jv -cn- Xpw a m-cp-am-bn-cp- n-. (tum: kn.-si. cma-n-{μ (amxr-`q-an). temiw I G hpw henb a\p-jy-kvt\-ln-bmb hnπ-h-imcn-i-fn Hcm-fm-bn-cp- p-ht m PqX- m-cp-ssbpw {InkvXym-\n-I-fp-sSbpw 11

ap ow-i-fp-ssbpsams Bcm-[y-]p-cp-j-\m-bn-cp C{_mlnw \_n (Abraham). ]mh-s P\-ß-fpsS hniz-mk-søbpw I Ω-ß-sfbpw NqjWw snbvxp Pohn A p- m-bn-cp ]ptcm-ln-x- m-cptsbpw \m p-cm-pm- - m-cp-ssbpw FXn p-iƒ Ah-K-Wn p CdmJv (sa-tkms m- m-an-b) ]e-kvxo, kndn-b, CuPn]vXv (Im-\m tziw) XpSßnb cmpy-ß-fn At±lw Hfn pw sxfn pw GI sszh-kn- m w {]N-cn- n- psim ncp- p. At±lw k -cn Zn p-i-fnsems At±-lsØ CjvS-s -Sp-Ibpw _lp-am-\n- p-ibpw snøp Hcp henb hn`mkw hnizm-kn-i-sf krjvsn- m At±-l-Øn\v Ign- p. {]mb-am-b-t mƒ F m-h pw kzm`m-hn-i-ambn D m-ip- -Xpt]mse Hcp]mSv tcmk-ßfpw owhpw C{_mlnw \_n-sbbpw _m[n- p. Xs enwkm-{k-n Ω-Øns A Øv h p-s] \o hogvnbpw \nc- -c-amb thz-\bpw ]gp pw kzm`m-hn-i-ambn C{_mlnw \_n-bn Bi Db Øn. X\n v h p-s] AkpJw t`z-am- phm A sø Adn-b-s -Sp G hpw \ sshzy- m-scbpw tkm{x- Ø-e-h- m-scbpw C{_mlnw kao-]n- p. Ah-cpsS \n t±-i-{]-imcw tcmk-{k-ÿ-amb B sxmen apdn- m C{_mlnw \_n Xocp-am-\n- p. Hcp NnIn F \nebv v C{_mlnw \_n-bpss sshzy- mcpw klm-bn-ifpw AXv `wkn-bmbn \n Δ-ln- p-ibpw snbvxp. C{_mlnw \_n A -dn-b-s -Sp Hcp alm-\m-b-xp-sim pw Hcp]mSv A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw A\p-`m-hn-Ifpw Ipsd i{xp- -fpw At±-l-Øn\v D m-bn-cp- -Xp-sIm pw Cu sndnb tcmk-hm Ø-bpw NnIn- bpw imkv{x-{inbbpsams Im pxo t]mse Ah n-s-bn s]s v ]S-cp-Ibpw F m-hcpw "kwkxn' Adn-bp-Ibpw snbvxp. F - msx Hcp axm-nm-c-ambn C{_mlnw \_n AXp ]Tn- n- p-itbm {]Ncn- n- p-itbm snbvxn-cp- n-. a{ -hm-zn-i-sftbm apdn-ssh-zy- msctbm txsn-t m-imsx Hcp NnIn F \nebv v A p e`yamb G hpw \ am w D]-tbm-Kn v G hpw \ coxnbn At±lw AXp snbvxp F p am{xw. tnem-i ΩsØ i n-bmbn FXn Ø-h-cm-bn-cp p ap 12 m \_nbpw(tam- -kv) lmdq \_nbpw (ss_-_nƒ ]g-b-\n-baw ]pd msp ]pkvxiw 4:25) F nepw aq m \_n-bpss Ime-L- -Øn\v tijw tpzmjz (Joshua) BWv CsXmcp PqX BNm-c- -ambn PqX- mcn \S- n-em- m XpS-ßn-b-Xv. tnem-i Ωw snbvx PqX- m tpzmjz-bpss ] m-f-øn tncp-ibpw ]e-kvxo IogvS- p- -Xn-\pth n tpzmjztbm-ssm w acwwhsc Dd v \n msa v {]Xn- -sb-sp- p-ibpw snbvxp. F m PqX- m-cn \n pw hncp- -ambn tdma- mcpw {Ko p- Imcpw B enwkm-{k-n Ω-Øn\v hfsc {]m[m\yw I n- n-cp p. F p am{x-a-, PqX- m-cpss tnem-i Ω-Øn\v FXn-cmbn AXns\ \ntcm-[n- p-sim v i n-bmbn Ipsd \nb-a-ßfpw Ah ]mkm n \S- n-em- n-bn-cp- p. {Ko p-im-cpss Cu tnem-i Ω hncp \S-]- Sn-Iƒ ax-{`m- - m-cm-bn-cp PqX ]ptcm-ln-x- m-scbpw d n-am-scbpw IqSp-X snmsn- n- p. Hscm PqX\pw tnem-i Ωw snømø {Ko p- Im-sc-t]mse txm -cpxv F v hsc Ah itn- p. AXn-\mbn Ah s]cne (Perilah) Fs mcp k{º-zmbw \S- n-em- n. C{_mlnw \_n AkpJw ImcWw Xs enwkøns A{K-`m-Khpw Ign- v \o p \n p sxmen-bpss A w am{xsa apdn- n-cp- p- q. Cu coxnbmwv A phsc PqX- m Ah-ew-_n- p-t]m- n-cp- -Xv. AXp-ImcWw tnem-i Ωw snbvx- PqX- mcpw tnem-i Ωw snømø {Ko p- Imcpw {]Xy- -Øn Hcp-t]mse txm n- n-cp- p. F m ax-`m- { - m-cmb PqX ]ptcm-ln-x- mcpw PqX d n-amcpw s]cne (perilah) F ]cn-]msnbn-eqss \h-pmx inip- -fpss enwkm{k-n Ωw apgph apdn- p-am- m XpS-ßn. CXp-Im-cWw tnem-i Ωw snbvx PqX- msc tnem-i Ωw snømø {Ko p-im-cn \n v s]s v Xncn- dn-bm km[n- p. (C v tumivs amcpw kp n H-km- mcpw PqX- mcpw Cu coxn-bmwv tnem-i Ω-Øn\v Ah-ew-_n- p-h-cp- -Xv.) Cu coxn Nne-t mƒ Aan-X-amb c -{km-h-øn-tebv pw Nne-t mƒ enwk-øns A w hnir-x-am-ip- -Xn\pw (Scarring) Imc-W-am-bn. P\\ ka-bøv enwkm-{khpw (Glans) enwkm{k N Ωhpw (foreskin) 13

H nt v H mbn \n p- Ah-ÿ-bn-em-bn-cn- pw. km[m-c- W-bmbn Ip n-iƒ v 3 apx 5 hb v hsc-bm-ip- -txmss enwkm- {K-N Ωw (foreskin) enwkm-{k (Glans) -Øn \n v th s]-sp-ibpw AsXmcp sx n-am-dp Bh-c-W-am-bn, enwkm-{k-øn Hcp c m-ih-n-sa-t mww \ne-\n p-ibpw snøp- p. F m Nne Ip n- Iƒ v enwkm-{k-n Ωw, enwkm-{k-øn \n v th s]-smsx H nt p \n p (adhesions) Ahÿ 17-18 hb v hsc-sbms \o p-t]mhmdp- v. Nne-t mƒ AXp sndnb ikv{x-{inb hgn (minor surgery) t\scbmt - -Xmbn hcpw. Cu Ahÿ a\- n-em- mø ]gb PqX H m amcn Nne (Mohel), th {X hrøn-bn- mø D]-I-c-W-ßfpw a pw D]-tbm-Kn v (without proper sterilization) tnemi Ωw snbvxxp ImcWw Nne H -s ac-w-ßƒ kw`hn- p. Aan-X-amb c -{km-hhpw AWp-_m-[-bp-sam-s -bm-bn-cp p ac-w-ßƒ pw sshi-ey-ßƒ pw (scar) Imc-W-am-b-Xv. PqX- m-cnse Nne _p n-po-hn-iƒ Nne {]txy-i-xcw dnwkp- Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn v (snºpw XI-chpw tn Øp- m- nb dnwkp-iƒ D]-tbm-Kn v)(pondus Judaeus or Judaeum pondum). CØ-c-Øn-ep-f Nne hnir-xmb enwkm{kw icn-bm- m {iaw XpS-ßn. am{x-a-, PqX- m-cnse Hkm- m-cp-ssbpw PqX d n-am-cp-ssbpw Cu ]cm-{i-asøbpw tnem-i Ω-sØbpw tnmzyw snbvxp-sim v Nne PqX-_p- n-po-hn-iƒ cwkøv hcm CØcw A\njvT kw`-h-ßƒ Imc-Wambn. PqX- m-cnse tnem-i Ω-Øns aq mw L w sa nkm (Messisa - Metzizah)) F t]cn Adn-b-s Sp p. _n.kn. 500 625 Ime-L- -Øn-em-bn-cp p (Talmudic Period) CXv {]Nm-c-Øn-ep- m-bn-cp- -Xv. Cu NS-ßn tnem-i Ωw snøp PqX Hkm (Mohel) tnem-i Ω-Øn\v tijw tnem-i Ωw snø-s Ip n-bpss enwkm-{k-øn \n pw {khn- p c w kz w hmb-sim v hen v FSp- p-am-bn-cp- p. (Sucking). tnem-i Ωw snøp Hkms hmbn \n p AWp-_m-[-Im-cWw Hcp]mSv PqX inip- ƒ acn- 14 m CXv Imc-W-am-bn. PqX- m-cnse ]cn-jvi-cw hmzn-ifpw ]ptcm- K-a-\-hm-Zn-Ifpw {ItaW i n {]m]n- p-ibpw tnem-i Ωw Hc-\mh-iy-ambn Ah {]Jym-]n- p-i-bpw snbvxp. 1843- {^m v ^ n tn ktω-f-\-øn tnem-i Ωw Hc-\m-h-iy-ambn PqX- m-cnse _p n Pnhn-Iƒ {]Jym- -]n- p-i-bpw snbvxp. PqX- m-cnse Bcm-[\m {`m n-s\bpw ax-{`m- n-s\bpw NqjWsØbpw FXn Øp-sIm v Cukm \_n (Jesus Christ) cwkøv h p. tnem-i ΩsØ ]c-ky-ambn FXn Øp-sIm v {InkvXp PqX- ]p-tcm-ln-x- m-scbpw d n-am-scbpw PqX- m-cnse ]mc-ºcy hmzn-isfbpw snmsn n- p. F nepw {Iqc- mcpw Ip_p- n-ifpamb PqX- m pw PqXd n-am pans-bn ]nsn p\n m Cukm \_n pw A\p-N-c- m pw Ign- n-. Cukm \_n-bpss Zpcq-lamb Xntcm-[m-\-tØmsS Cukm \_n ]Tn- n GI-ssZ-h-kn- m w Im n d-øns m v Cukm\_nsb sszh-am n ]qpn psim v PqX- m-cn \n v {InkvXp-a-X-Øn-te v X{ -]q Δw IpSn-tb-dnb hnip ]utem-kn-s\-t m-ep PqX-]ptcm-ln-X- m, Cukm \_nsim- p-h C mw axsø (bym {InkvXp ax-sø) hni-eam- n. F nepw Cukm \_n ]Tn n tnem-i Ω hncp kn m- -Øn ambw tn Øv {InkvXym-\n-Isf txm n- m PqX- m v Ign- n-. F.-Un. 48 PqX- m-cn \n v hncp- -ambn tnem-i Ω-Øn\v ]Icw " m\-kv\m\w' (Baptism amtam-zok ap ) axn-sb v {InkvXy k`-iƒ Xocp-am-\n- p. ]gb PqX \nb-a-a-\p-k-cn v Hcp a\p-jy PqX-\m-h-W-sa- n tnem-i Ωw snbvtx axn-bm-iq. C pw B \nbaw {]m_-ey-øn D v. F m {InkvXy _p npohn- Iƒ F.-Un. 48 tnem-i Ω-Øn\v ]I-cw " m\-kv\m\w' axnsb v Xocp-am-\n- p. ]gb \nb-a-{]-im-chpw A sø B-Nmc{]Imchpw Pok v ]nd v F mw Znhkw At±-l-Øns tnem- I Ωw \S- n-cp- p. PqX BNm-c-{]-Imcambn-cp p AXv. tbip- {InkvXp(Jesus Christ-Cukm-\-_n) Iuam-c-Øn Xs Hcp hnπ-h- 15

Im-cnbpw at\m-l-c-amb ssien-bn kwkm-cn- p kpap-j\mb Hcp hy n-bpambn-cp- p-sh v Ncn{Xw ]d-bp- p. PqX ]utcm-ly- Øn-s\-Xn-scbpw Ah hf Øn-sIm- p-h Aan-X-amb Bcm-[\m {`m n-s\-xn-scbpw tnem-i Ωw t]mep A\m-h-iy-ßƒs -Xnscbpw At±lw i n-bmbn {]Xn-I-cn- p. F nepw Ip_p- n-i-fmb PqX- m v apºn ]nsn p\n m Cukm \_n v Ign- n-. At±-l-Øns Zpcq-l-amb Xntcm-[m-\-tØmsS {InkvXym-\nIƒ At±lsØ sszh-am- n. {InkvXp-hn\v \jvs-s enwkm-{k-n Ωw kz - Øn sh v ]p\xkwk-an p F mwv ]n osv A - m {]N-cn- n- -Xv. sflni Pohn-X-Øn IpSpw-_-Po-hn-Xhpw ssewkni thgvnbpw enwkm-{k-n Ωhpsams Hgn-hm- n-bm ]c-tem-iøv h v Cu Pohn-X-sØ- mfpw hnin-jvs-amb IpSpw-_-Po-hn-Xhpw enwkm-{k-n Ωhpw ssewkn-im-kzm-z-\hp-sams sszhw \ Ipw Fs mcp hnizmkw ]g-b-ime PqX- mcpw {InkvXym-\n-Ifpw {]Ncn- n- n-cp- p. {InkvXp-hns aw-hm- n-am-cm-hm Nne {InkvXy kv{xoiƒ a -cn- p- Xpw Cu hnizm-k-øns `mk-am-bm-wv. {InkvXp aq mw Znhkw Db sø-gp- -t p-tºmƒ B enwkm-{k- N Ω-tØm-Sp-IqSn ]cn-]q Æ-\mbn mwv Xncn ph -sx mwv {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS s]mxp-sh-bp hnizmkw. {InkvXp-hns BZy- Im-e-Nn-{X-ß-fn-sems At±lw hkv{xw [cn v hfsc am\y-am-bn- mwv Nn{Xn-I-cn- -s - -Xv. F m 15- mw \q m- n\v tijw {InkvXy k`-iƒ ]pdøphn {InkvXp-tZ-hs Hcp ]msv \ Nn{Xß-fn Cukm \_nsb ({InkvXp-hns\) tnem-i Ωw snømø coxn-bn-emwv Nn{Xo-I-cn- n- p- -Xv. AXn\v Ah ]d \ymbw {InkvXp-hn-s\-t]m-ep Hcp alm-hy n Ft mgpw ]cn-]q Æ- \mbn Ccn-t - -Xp-s v am{x-am-wv. {InkvXphnt Xv F v Ah-Im-i-s - p-sim v {InkvXy k`- Iƒ Ah-X-cn- n- p Ccp-]-Øn-sbm-t mfw `uxnimh-in-jvs-ßfn (Relics) tbip-{in-kvxp-hns\ tnem-i Ωw snø-s -SmsX "]cn- ]q Æ-\m-bn- mwv' (with prominent foreskin) Nn{Xo-I-cn- n- p- -Xv. 16 F nepw {InkvXym-\n-I-fnse Nne hncp-x- m t]m ns\ shdpsx hn n-. {InkvXp-tZ-h tnem-i Ω-Øn\v hnt[-b-\mtbm C tbm F N {InkvXy k`-i-fn NqSp]nSn v Xs \n p. "AXv sszh-øn\v am{xta Adnbq' F v {]Jym-]n- p-sim v t]m v C sk v aq m-a h j-ß-tfmfw \o p-\n B X w Ah-km\n- -Xmbn {]Jym-]n- p...! spdp-sk-se-an tn {InkvXy k` (council at Jerusalem) tnem-i Ωw Hc-\m-h-iy-ambn {]Jym-]n- p-ibpw tnem-i Ω-Øn \n v ]q Æ-ambpw hn v \n m sk v t]mƒ {InkvXy c n- Xm- sf Blzm\w snøp-ibpw snbvxp. F p am{x-a-, tnem- I Ωw snøp ax hn`m-ksø (Pq-X am-scbpw kp n-i-sfbpw){]txyiw Icp-Xn-bn-cn- m\pw sk v t]mƒ {InkvXym-\n-Isf {]txyiw Hm Ωn- n p. Aßns\ PqX- m-cpss B A\m-Nmcw {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ n-s-bn Xosc \S n-em- m Ign-bmsX B ]ptcmln-x- m ]cm-p-b-s - p. F nepw PqX- m-cn \n pw C m-an tnt -dnb PqX-cm-Pm-hmb apb-hn-bbpw Xs in n-snbmb A_- qlp-ssd-dbpw tnem-i Ωw F PqX BNmcw kp n ap ow-iƒ n- S-bn \S- n-em- p- -Xn "al-ømb hnpbw' ssih-cn- p. kp n-iƒ (kp n appm-lnzv PamAØv aue-hn-am ) \n _- -a- mø Hcp sfoni BNm-c-am-bn- mwv (kp- -Øm-bn- m-wv) tnem-i ΩsØ I p-h-cp- -Xv. F nepw tnem-i Ωw snømø (enw-km-{k-n Ωw \jvs-s -Sm-Ø) Hscm kp n-sbbpw ap ow-iƒ n- S-bn ImWm km[y-a F -XmWv kxyw. kp -Øm-sW- nepw \n _- -amb Imcy-sØ- mƒ Kuc-h-am-bn- mwv kp n-ap- ow-iƒ tnem-i Ωw BN-cn v t]mcp- -Xv. tnem-i Ωw Ign v c v aq v BgvN-Iƒ Ign-bp-tºmƒ (apdnhv DW-ßp- -tºmƒ) hfsc BtLm-jtØm-Sp-IqSn B Ip nsb ap m bpw Imc-W-h- mcpw a p Ip n-ifpw tn v Hcp sh nbmgvn Znhkw ] n-bn-tebv v sim p-t]mipw. AtXm-Sp-IqSn ] n {]th-i-øn\pw kp n aue-hn-amsc XpS v \a-kvi-cn- m\pw B Ip n tbmky-\mb-xmbn Icp-X-s -Sp- p. (am w 17

Iq p- p) kp n ap ow-iƒ n-s-bn C pw \ne-\n- p-h-cp Hcp BNm-c-am-Wn-Xv. ssh w apl-ωzv _jo-dns "_mey-im-e-k-jnbnepw' Nne Ad_n IY-I-fnepw "kp Øp I ymw'øns ck-ic-amb Iptd aplq Ø-ßƒ at\m-l-c-ambn hc- p-im- n-bn- p- v. "Xp n aq{xw' Xßn \n mø ]cn-ip- -amb enwk-tøm-sp-iq-sn-bm-hww (i-co-c-tøm-sp-iq-sn-bm-h-ww) \nxy {]m -\-Iƒ F PqX kn m- -Øn\v Aßns\ kp n appm-lnzv Pam-AØv aue-hn-am Adnt m Adn-bm-sXtbm "Hmim\' ]msp- p. AtX kabw aq{xw \P- m-sw v Jp -B-\n Fhn-sSbpw Hcp kqn-\-t]mepan. Camw A_q l\o-^-bpss A`n-{]m-bw kpam Hcp Zn lw (kp-am 4 {Kmw) aq{xw hkv{x-ønepw sxmen-bnepw Xßn-\n- mepw Ahs {]m \sbbpw \a-kvi-mc-ß-sfbpw AXv _m[n- n F m-wv. CXv Xs -bmwv l\^n azvl-_v. CXp-X-s -bmwv km m Jp B-\nI azvl-_pw. aq{x-hn-k \w Ign- m Igp-I kp - Øm-sW v am{x-amwv l\^n azvl_v. AtX kabw aq{xn Xn\v tijw Igp-In-bn-s - n sszhw in n- p-sa- mwv kp n azvl- _v. (a-zvl_v = School of thought Nn m-{]-ÿm-\w) PqX- mcpw PqX-d- n-amcpw kp n Hkm- mcpw kp n appm-lnzv PamAØv aue-hn-amcpw I -h-s- -Æp Nne tumivs amcpw sszh- Øns t]cn in v snbvxp-sim v enwkw "apdn-s -dn-bp-tºmƒ' \ΩpsS `mcx-øn sszhw \ Inb B al-ømb A\p-{K-lsØ ]qpn- p-h lnμp- fpap v (enw-k-]q-p) F hkvxpx kmμ `n- I-ambn \mw Hm p-i. enwkw apdn-s -dn-bmt\m enwksø sszh-am- mt\m ]d-bmsx AXv c n\pans-bn AXncp Ihn-bmsX A mlp \ Inb krjvsn Ae-t m-e-s -Sp-ØmsX Hcp anx-amb am w kzoi-cn- m-\mwv (`- -Ww, hkv{xw, ]m n-sw, Ae- m-cßƒ, BtLm-j-ßƒ XpSßn) F m hnj-b-ønepw Jp -B\pw apl-ωzv \_n-bpw ap oitfmsv I n- Xv F v kmμ `n-i-ambn \mw Hm p-i. 18 tnem-i Ωw kao-]-ime Ncn{Xw (Circumcision- Recent History) tnem-i Ω-Øn Fs m-s tbm imkv{xob KpW-ßƒ Ds [mc-w-bn 1865 apx Cw - nse Nne tumivs m tnem-i Ωw XpS p h p. 1870 apx Ata-cn -bnse saun- cwkøpw tnem-i Ωw hfsc kpo-h-ambn Xs \ne-\n- p. 1920 apx 1950 hscbp Ime-L- -ß-fn Cw ojv kwkm-cn- p \msp-ifn tnem-i Ωw hfsc {]Nm-c-Øn-ep- m-bn-cp- p. tnem-i Ωw ]pcp-j- m-cn lkvx-ssa-yp\w Ipd- p- p (am-ã t_- j ) Fs mcp [mc-w-bn-emwv ]ecpw tnem-i ΩsØ t{]m mln- n- n-cp- -Xv. lkvx-ssa- -Yp\w (Masturbation-kzbw-t`mKw) aqew IÆn\v ImgvN Ipd-bp-sa- pw, A X _m[n- p-sa- pw, A]-kvamc tcmkn-bm-hp-sa- pw, I p-ip-sn-b\pw am\-kni tcmkn-bp-sam-s -bm- Ip-sa pw Nne tumivs am hsc ] p-im-e-ß-fn hniz-kn- n-cp- p. F m lkvx-ssa-yp\w CsXm pw D m- p- n F v imkv{xo-b-amb ]T-\-ßƒ sxfn-bn- -t mƒ enwkm p-zw, aq{xm-ib tcmk-ßƒ, ssewkni tcmk-ßƒ F n-ßs\ Hcp-]mSv tcmk-ßƒ v Imc-W-am-Ip p F m-tcm-]n v Nne "_p n-po-hn-iƒ' B ]mhw enwkm{k N ΩsØ (foreskin) "{]Xn- q- n ' \n Øn. F m CsXm pw imk-{xo-b-amb ]T-\-ß-fpsS ]n _e-tøm-ss-bm-bn-cp- n-. am{xa. tnem-i Ωw kv{xohn-tzz-j-øns bpw (misogyny) lkvx-ssa-yp-\- ioesø t{]m m-ln- n- p- -Xn-s bpw cxn-ssh- Ir-X-ß-fp-sSbpw( Sexual Perversions) At\Iw ASn-ÿm\ Imc-W- 19

ß-fn H m-bn- mwv Anne- V. Pyterek A`n-{]m-b-s -Sp- -Xv (The root of Misoginy). 1950 I-fn tnem-i Ω-Øn-s\-Xnsc Cw - nepw Atacn- -bnepw Nne tumivs m cwkøv h p. tnem-i Ωw aqew- enwkm{k N Ωw apdn- p-am- p- -txm-sp-iqsn ]pcp-j\pw kv{xo pw ssewkn-im-kzm-z-\- -a-xbpw Imtam-±o-]\ (Erotic) i nbpw Ipdbp- -Xm-bn, Nne tumivs am Is -Øn. tnem-i Ω-Øn-\nsS AWp-_m-[-sIm pw c -{km-hw-sim pw Nne Ip n-iƒ acn- m CSbmb H -s kw`-h-ßfpw tnem-i Ω-Øn-eqsS \jvs-s sxmen imkv{x-in-b-bn-eqss ]p\ \n Ωn- mtam F Nne _p n-po-hn-ifpss tnmzy-hp-am-bn-cp p Nne tumivs amsc imkv{xobamb ]T-\- Øn\v t{]cn- n- -Xv. Ata-cn- B an-bn Iym]v \mbn-cp \o {]nã (Noel Preston) 50- -I-fn Pma-bn (Journal of American Medical Association-Jama) Fgp-Xnb Nne tej-\-ß-fn-eqss tnem-i Ω-Øn bmsxmcp imkv{xhpw KpWhpans pw B \S-]Sn A\m-h-iy-amb am\-kn-ihpw ssewkn-ihpamb {]iv\-ß-fn-tebv v ]n osv \bn- psa pw ka n- p. tumivs {]oãs tej-\-ß-fpss ^e-ambn Ata-cn- -bnse inip-tcm-k-hnz-kv - m-cpss Hcp kwl-s\ (American Academy of Paediatrics) Ip p-ß-fnse tnem-i ΩsØ Hcn- epw \ymbn-i-cn- m ] n-s pw AsXmcp A\m-h-iy-am-sW pw {]Jym-]n- p. AtXm-Sp-IqSn Ata-cn- -bn Ip p-ß-fpss tnem- I Ωw hfsc Ipd p h p. Cw - n 1949 sskuv\ (Gairdner) tnem-i Ω-Øn-s\-Xnsc i n-bmbn cwkøv h p. At±l-Øns {]h Ø-\-^-e-ambn Cw - nse \mjw sl Øv k Δo-kns (National Health Service) {]ap-j-cmb `mc-hm-ln-ifpw {]kn- o-i-c-w-ßfpw cwkøv h -t mƒ Cw - nepw Ip n-i-fnse tnem-i Ωw KWy-ambn Ipd- p. 20 1975 It\Un-b ]oun-bm-{sn v skmssk n (Canadian Paediatric Society- CPS)tNem-I Ω-Øn-s\-Xnsc cwkøv h p. Cw v, Ata-cn, I\U XpS-ßnb cmpy-ß-fn 1971 apx hfsc {]I-Samb Ipd-hmWv tnem-i Ω \nc- n I v hcp- -Xv. AXv Ipd- p-simt bncn- p-ibpw snøp- p. AXn-\nsS tnem-i ΩsØ \ymbo-i-cn- p-sim v ho pw Nne tumivs m cwkøv h p-. tnem-i Ωw snømø Ip p-ß-fn bqdn-\dn {SmIvSv C ^-Ivj UTI (aq-{xm-ib `mk-ß-fnse AWp-_m-[) hfsc IqSp-X-emWv F mbn-cp p Ah-cpsS \ymbw. tumivs txmakv hnkvδ- n-s\ (Thomas Wiswell) -t m-ep {]ap-j-cm-bn-cp p AXn\v Np m ]nsn- n-cp- - Xv. It\Un-b ]oun-bm-{sn v skmssk n tumivs hnkvh- ns ]T-\-ßsf ]q Æ-ambpw ho pw A]-{K-Yn- pibpw AXn-s\- pdn v ]Tn- m {]txyi IΩ- n-sb \ntbm-kn- p-i-bpw snbvxp. tumivs hnkvh- ns Kth-W-j-W-am -ßfpw coxn-ifpw imkv{xob-a-s v B IΩn n A`n-{]m-b-s -Sp-Ibpw tnem-i Ωw A\m-h-iyam-sW 1975se t]mfn-kn-bn It\-Unb ]oun-bm-{sn v skmssk n Dd p\n p-ibpw snbvxp. 1986 NOCIRC (National Organization of Circumcision information resourse Centre) ÿm]n-x-ambn. tnem-i Ω-Øns KpWtZm-j-ß-sf- p-dn v c n-xm- ƒ pw tumivs am pw hy -amb hnhcw \ Ip-I. Ip p-ß-fpss (\-h-pmx inip- -fp-ss) Ah- Im-i-sØ p-dn v amxm-]n-xm- -sfbpw kaq-l-søbpw t_m[- h -cn- pi. t]mb ImeØv sshzy-im-kv{x-øn\v ] nb A_- -ß-fn-tebv v tumivs am-cp-ssbpw c n-xm- -fp-ssbpw {i Xncn- p-i F n-ß-s\-bp {]Jym-]nX e y-tøm-ss-bmwv NOCIRC cq]w \ In-b-Xv. tumivs am n-sbnepw c n-xm- ƒ n- S-bnepw tnem-i Ω-Øns A\m-h-iy-I-X-sb- p-dn v t_m[apf-hm- 21

m\pw P\-t\-{μn-bsØ AXns ]q Æ-cq-]-Øn \ne-\n tø- -Xns Bh-iy-IXsb- p-dn v Adn-bn- m\pw s{]m^-k tpm v kn. U\n-Ã (Prof. George C. Denniston MD, M.P.H.) doctorsopposingcircumcision (D.O.C.) F sh_vssk- n\v cq]w \ In. C s\- ns A\m-bm-khpw A\- hpamb km y-x-iƒ ImcWw Ata-cn, Cw v, I\U, P Ω-\n, {^m kv, kzou, Bkvt{X-enb XpS-ßnb \nc-h[n cmpy-ß-fn tnem-i Ω-Øn-s\- Xnsc tumivs amcpw amxm-]n-xm- fpw AXn-thKw i n-bmbn {]Xn- I-cn p XpS-ßn. tumivs am pw s]mxp-p-\-ßƒ pw tnem-i ΩsØ pdn v hy -amb hnh-c-ßƒ \ Im temim-sn-ÿm-\-øn 1995 Circumcision Information Resource Pages (CIRP) ÿm]n-x-am-bn. CØcw {]h Ø-\-ß-fpsS ^e-ambn Ata-cn- -bn Ip n-i-fnse tnem-i Ω \nc v 60 -i-x-am\w hsc Ipd- p. Bkvt{X-en-b-bn AXv 10 ixam\w hsc Ipd- -Xmbn Australian College of Paediatrics (ACP) Ah-Im-i-s -Sp- p. (American Accademy of Paediatrics- (AAP), National Health Services of England). It\-Un-b ]nun-bm-{sniv skmssk- n,(canadien Paediatric Society)American College of Obstetricians & Gynacologist (ACOG) XpS-ßnb temi-{]-i-kvx-amb saun- kwl-s-\-iƒ tnem-i Ωw A\m-h-iy-am-sW v {]Jym- ]n- p-sim v Ah-cpsS {]kn- o-i-c-w-ß-fneqssbpw sh_vssk- p- I-fn-eq-sSbpw CS-bv n-s v tumivs am-scbpw c n-xm- -sfbpw t_m[- -h -cn- p-sim- n-cn- p- p. Npcp- -Øn C v tzin-bhpw A tz-in-b-hpamb H saun- kwl-s-\-ifpw tnem- I ΩsØ A\pIq-en- p- n. \ΩpsS Cu sim p-ti-cfas w C y-bnepw tnem-i Ω-Øn-s\-Xnsc i -amb P\-Iob apt w D mipw F v \ap v {]Xo- n- mw. 22 tnem-i Ω-Øn ]Xn-bn-cn- p A]-I-S-ßƒ (Hidden Traumas of Circumcision) A mlp a\p-jy-\p- \ Inb al-ømb A\p-{K-l-ß-fn G hpw {][m-\-am-w-t m, IpSpw-_-Po-hn-Xhpw, ssewkn-im-kzm-z-\- hpw, k m-\-e-_v[n-bp-sam-s...! sseknwi thgvn-bn ]pcpj\pw kv{xo pw G hpw A[nIw kv] i-\-kpjw \ Ip- kwth-z\ a-x h n- n p Imta-±o-]-I-hp-amb (Erotic) Ccp-]-Xn-\m-bn-c-tØmfw Rc-ºp-Ifp (Nerve endings D ) enwkm- {KsØ (Glans s\) kwc- n- p Hcp c m-i-h-n-hp-amb, [mcmfw {]txy-i-x-i-fp, sxmen-bpss Hcp `mkamwv tumivsdpw H m\pw tnem-i Ω-Øn-eqsS apdn- p-i-f-bp- -Xv. tnem-i Ω-Øn\v hnt[-b-cm-imø ]pcp-j- m v tnem-i Ωw snø-s ]pcp-j- m-tc- mƒ ssewkn-ix IqSpX Bkz-Zn- m Ign-bp p F v Hcp-]mSv ]T\-ßƒ sxfn-bn- p- p. Ata-cn-, {_n, kzou, I\-U, {^m kv, P Ω\n XpS-ßnb hni-knx cmpy-ß-fnse Hcp-]mSv tumivs am Xß-fpsS ASp- sim p-hcp Ip n-i-fpss tnem-i Ωw snøn F Xocp-am\w Hcp {]Xn- -sb-t mww FSp-Øn-cn- p- p. ImcWw tnem-i Ωw aptj-\ t\sc-bm- m-hp, enwkm-{k-n Ω-Øn\v hcm km[y-x-bp F m tcmk-ßfpw (aq{x XS- w, ss^tam-kn-kv, Phymosis, \nc- -c-amb AWp-_m-[,(U.T.I - Urinary Tract Infection) _eq-wnwkv Hm^v Zn t^m kvin - Ballooning of the Foreskin - ]p-cp-j-enw-k-øns ]pd- 23

tø-bv p Zzmcw sndp-xm-hp-itbm AS-bp-Itbm snøp- Xv ImcWw aq{xsamgn- ptºmƒ enwkm-{k-n Ω-Øn\pw enwk-øns A{K-`m-K-Øn\pw CS-bn aq{xw kw`-cn- -s -Sp- Xv ImcWw enwkm{kw Hcp _eq t]mse ho p Akp-Jw). F n-ßs\ GXm-s m AkpJßfpw tnem-i Ωw snøm-sx-xs icn-bm- m ] p-sa v tumivs am ka n- p- p. KXy- can mø L -Øn am{xw tnem-i Ωw snømw F v am{xw. Nne {]ta-ltcm-kn-i-fnepw Nne hr - m-cnepw ImW-s -Sp "Lichen Sclerosis' F tcmk-øns `mk-ambn ImW-s -Sp Balatinis Xerotica Obliterans (BXO) F tcmkm-h-ÿ-bn am{x-amwv tnem-i Ωw Hcp NnIn sbt mww th n-h-cp- -Xv. 99 ix-am\w ss^tam-knkpw tnem-i Ωw IqSmsX tihew ÃntdmbvUv NnIn- - (Steroid Therapy) bneqssbpw I k th- nhv k P-dn-bn-eq-sSbpw icn-bm- mw F v kmcw. tumivs tpm v kn.su n-ã, tum. Uo FU, tum. e kvanøv, tumivs Inkn-RvP XpSßnb-h tnem-i Ω- Øn\v FXnsc Xß-fpsS sh_vssk- pifn-eq-ssbpw ]pkvx-i-ß-fneq-ssbpw cwkøv h o- p tumivs am-cn Nne-cm-Wv. Ign 25 h j-øn-\p- n Ata-cn- -bnse tnem-i Ω-Øn\v Cc-bmb 60 aney c n-xm- ƒ Xß-fpsS a sf tnem-i Ω-Øn\v Cc-bm- n F {]Xn FSp- m-\p Xt Sw ImWn p F -dn-bptºmƒ _p n-bp- -h v B sxmen-bpss amlmflyw a\- n-em- Ipw. tnem-i Ω-Øn-eqsS \mw AdpØpam p- Xv tihew \n m-camb Hcp sxmen- jvwa. ]ns tbm sszhw \ Inb al-ømb A\p-{K-l-ß-fn-sem- mb ssewknimkzm-z-\-øn-\m-h-iy-amb AXn hnin-jvs-amb Rc-ºp-Ifpw t]in-ifas-ßp Hcp "sslsiv' N Ωam-Wv. (Hytech Skin). ssewkni thgvn-bn kv{xo pw ]pcp-j\pw Hcp-t]mse Imtam-±o-]-I-amb (Erotic) Ccp-]-Xn-\m-bn-c-tØmfw Rc- 24 ºp-I-fp, Cem-kvXnI KpW-ß-fp (Elastic Property) t]in-iƒ AS-ßnb dnuvpvuv _m v (Taylors Ridged Band) {^o\m _m Uv (Frenar Band) ankvt\-gvkv tim -k (Meissners Corpuscle) F nh AS-ßnb AXn-hn-in-jvS-amb sxmenbmwv t^m kvin. CXn {^o\m _m pw dnuvpvuv _m Upw ]e ]pcp-j- m pw hf-scb-[niw Imtam-±o-]I i n-bp- -Xm-sW v (Highly Erogenous) A`n-{]m-b-s -Sp p. Cu `mkw ]e-t mgpw tnem-i Ω-Øn-eqsS ]q W-amtbm `mkn-i-amtbm \jvs-s -Sp p. \ΩpsS IÆpw aq pw \mhp-sams t]mse-øs Imtam-±o-]-\-Øn-\p-th n sszhw {]txyiw kwhn-[m\w snbv-xp- m- nb Hcp {]txyi Ah-bhw Xs -bmwv (Sense Organ) Cu t^m kniv F v tpm B.- sss-edpw kl-{]-h Ø-Icpw Ah-Im-i-s -Sp- p. tnem-i Ω-Øn-eqsS \jvs-s enwkm-{k-n Ωw ikv{x-{in-bbn-eqss t\sc-bm- m (Reconstructive Surgery, Uncircumcision etc) C v [mcmfw am -ß-fp- v. IqSmsX sk kven v (SENSLIP)t]mep Ir{Xna t^m kvin-\p-ifpw C v hn]-wn-bnep v F -dn-bptºmƒ ssewkn-i-th-gvnbv pw a pw B Ah-bhw AXns ]q Æcq-]-Øn \ne-\n t - -Xns Bh-iy-IX \ap v Duln- m-hp- txbp q. Htc kabw AI-tØbv pw ]pd-tø-b pw as- m-hp (Infolding & UnFolding) Cc- -]m-fn-i-fp (Double Layered) Hcp sxmenbm-w-xv. a\p-jy-i-co-c-øn I t]m-f-i-fnepw aq nepw hmbnepw (Np- n-ep-sam-s -bm-wv) kam-\-amb {]txy-i-x-i-fp sxmenbpw t«jva Ie-Ifpw(Mucosa) AS-ßnb `mk-ßƒ ImWp- -Xv. Imdns bpw _ n-s bpsams ap h-iøv m n\p api-fn LSn- n- n- p ssh -dp-iƒ \mw {i n- n-cn- pw. ap h-isø m n ] n- n-sn- p Agp pw Nfnbpw s]msn-]-s-e-ß-fpw sh -Øns klm- 25

v b-tømss B ssh (Xq-hme t]mse XpS- p km[-\w) XpS v hrøn-bm- p- p. Aßns\ hml-\-ß-fpss ap h-isø m Ft mgpw hrøn-tbmspw shsn-t mspw (Fresh & Clean) \n m B ssh klm-bn- p- p. AXp-t]m-se-X-s -bmwv I t]m-f- Ifpw enwkm-{k-n Ω-hp-sam-s. sszhw a\p-jy\v \ Inb AXn-hnin-jvS-amb Hcp hc-zm-\-amwv IÆpw ImgvNbpw. IÆp-wImgvNI-fpan- mø Cu temi-sø p-dn v H p Nn n- p-t\m- q. Xe-t m-dn-tebv p Hcp P\-hm-Xn-em-bn- mwv tumivs am IÆp-Isf \ap v ]cn-n-b-s -Sp-Øp- -Xv. (A window to the Brain) B "Infn-hm-Xn-eneqsS' \ap v AI-tØbv pw ]pd-tøbv pw "FØn-'t\m- mw. a\pjy-i-co-c-øns F m \nb-{ -Wm-[n-Im-c-ß-fp-ap G hpw {][m- \-s `mk-amb Xe-t m-dn\v hcp GXm-s m amc-i-tcm-k-ß-fpssbpw XpS w IÆn-eq-sS-bp Hcp t\m -Øn-eqsS Hcp hnz- -tum- IvS v Is -Øm Ign-bp- p. Hcp ]msv A]-I-S-ßfpw `oj-wn-ifpw \ne-\n p sxm -SpØ ]cn-x-ÿn-xn-bn \n pw Xe-t mdns\ th s -Sp-Øp- Xv B "Nn p-pm-eiw' am{x-am-sw v kmcw. AXp-sIm- p-xs B IÆns\ kwc- n- m a\p-jys {]Ir- Xn-bn-eqsS sszhw AXn-a-l-Ømb Ipsd kwhn-[m-\-ßƒ snbvxn- p- v. F p-i-fmepw(skull) t]in-i-fmepw(occular Muscles) I t]mf-i-fmepw(eye lid) Hs Np -s v hfsc kpc- n-x-amb Hcp he-b- Øn-emWv \ΩpsS IÆp-Iƒ ÿnxn snøp- -Xv. I t]m-f-iƒ ( an\p- n- kpam Fgp-]-tXmfw XhW IÆns\ XpS v hrøn-bm- n-sim- n-cn- p p. IÆp-I-fpsS kwc- -W-Øn AXn-{]-[m-\- amb Hcp ÿm\w I t]m-f-iƒ p-s v kmcw. IÆp- -\o {KŸnbn- \n v D ]m-zn- n- -s -Sp IÆp-\o-cns klm-b-tømss IÆp-I-fpsS tim Wn-bbpw sd n-\bpw AS- -ap ap `mkw Ft mgpw hrøn-tbm-ssbpw shsp-t m-ssbpw (Fresh & Clean) \n m I t]m-f-iƒ klm-bn- p- p. Xo s]m -tet m A]- 26 S-I-ß-fntem I t]m-f-iƒ \jvs-s - m ico-c-øns a v `mkøv \n v sxmen-sb-spøv I t]m-fisf ]p\ \n-ωmww snøm-dp v. tisp-h I t]m-f-iƒ dn -b snøm A[n-Ihpw D]tbm-Kn- -p Xv enwkm-{k-n Ω-Øn \n p sxmen-bm-sw- -dn-bptºmƒ B sxmen-iƒ XΩn-ep kmayw \ap v a\- n-em-ipw.(re Costructive Surgery - Skin Grafting) I t]m-f-isft]m-se-x-s -bmwv a\p-jys enwkm-{k-`m-ksø s]mxn- p-sim- p enwkm-{k-n Ω-Øn-s bpw {]h Ø-\w. ]pcpj enwk-øns {XntIm-Wm-Ir-Xn-bn-ep A{K-`m-KsØ (Glans) B N Ωw ]e coxn-bn-epw kwc- n v \ne-\n Øp- p. enwk-øns A{K-`m-K-Øp cxn-kp-j-zm-b-i-amb Imtam-±o-]-I-amb Hcp-]mSv Rc-ºp-Iƒ AXns ]cn-]q Æm-h-ÿ-bn kwc- n v \ne- \n Øm B enwkm-{k-n Ωw AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. tnem-i Ωw snøp- -txm-sp-iqsn B c m-i-hnw \jvs-s -Sp-Ibpw enwkm{kw (Glans) ASn-bp-Sp- n-s bpw hkv{x-ß-fpss ]cp- `mk-ß-fn X n \nc- -c-amb L j-w-øn\pw Dc-k-en\pw hnt[-b-am-ip- p. A -co- - Ønse Db Dujvamhpw enwkm-{ksø hc- -Xm- p- p. ImcWw t^m kvinkn-s bpw m kn-s bpw ASn-`m-KØv \n pw {khn- s -Sp kvsa (Smegma) F t]cn Adn-b-s -Sp hgp-h-gp- p Hcp {Zh ]Zm w enwkm-{k-n Ω-Øns klm-b-tømss Ft mgpw enwkm-{ksø an\p-khpw arzp-ehpw Cu -hp-ap Hcp ]pø Ah-ÿ-bn \ne-\n Øp- p. tnem-i Ωw snøp- -txm- Sp-IqSn B c m-i-hnw \jvs-s -Sp-Ibpw enwkm{kw _mly-h-xvicn- -s -Sp-Ibpw (Externalization) F -t bv pw ]pd-øm-ip-ibpw AXp-hgn Icm- -ss\-tk-j\v(keratinization) hnt[-b-am-ip-ibpw B sxmen A ]w ]cp- -\mbn amdp-ibpw snøp- p. Cu Ahÿ XpS-cp- -Xn-\m m kn-ep (enwkm{k `mk-øp ) Rc-ºp-IfpsS kwth-z\ a-xbpw Imtam-±o-]\ {]h Ø-\hpw ]Ip-Xn- 27

tbmfw Ipd-bp- -Xmbn tumivs am A`n-{]m-b-s -Sp p. Nne {]txyi kμ `-ß-fn am\-kni ]ncn-ap-dp w aqetam AkpJw Imc-W-am-tbm, Nne acp- p-iƒ Ign- p- -Xp-aq-e-tam kv{xoi-fpss tbm\o\mfw hc- p-t]m-im-dp- v. sxm hc- p-t]m- Ip- -Xp-t]mse (Xerostomia) AØcw L -ß-fn enwkm-{k- N ΩØns bpw m kn-s bpw (enwkm-{køn-s -bpw) ASn-`m-K-Øp- \n v {khn- -s -Sp B simgp- p {Zh-]-Zm w CW-bpsS tbm\o-\m-fsø Cu hpw am ±-hhpw D -Xm- p- p. (Dan-\o (Saliva) hmbv p- n Cu hpw am ±hhpw \ne\n Øp- -Xpt]mse) tnem-i Ωw snbvx-h-cn ]e pw Ir{Xn-a-amb Huj-[- ßfpw Hmbn-ep-Ifpw(Oil) Hs L jww Ipd- m eq{_n- mbn (kvt\-l-te-]-\-am-bn) D]-tbm-Knt n-h-cm-dp v F Xpw B sxmen-bpss {]m[m\yw \ap v Im n-ø-cp- p. tnem-i Ωw snø-s enwkw hfsc o Bbn-cn pw Fs mcp hnizm-k-ap- v. km[m-c-w-k-xn-bn enwkm{k N Ω-Øns AI-sØ ]mfnbpw (Mucosa) m kns ASn-`m-K-Øp\n pw (Tysons Gland) {khn- p B simgp- p {Zmh-Ihpw (Smegma) aq{x- Øns Awihpw ip -Øns Awihpw _mivso-cn-b-ifpw arx-timi-ßfpw s]msn-]-s-e-ßfpsams tn v enwkm{k N Ωw hrønti-sm-hm-dp- v. Nne-t mƒ AXv Zp K- -ap- -Xm-hm-dp- v. Znhkw ct m aqt m XhW Igp-Ip- -txmss B {]iv\-hpw- ]-cn-l-cn- m-hp- -tx-bp- p. A msx enwkw hrøn-bm-im enwkw apdn- mte ] q F hnizmkw sx m-sw mwv tnem-i Ω-Øn-s\- Xnsc {]Xn-I-cn- p tumivs am-cpss A`n-{]m-bw. enwkm{k N Ω- Øns AIØv ImW-s -Sp Smegma F {ZmhIw Hcp "tamiw' km[-\-a-. AXv sszh-z-ø-amb H mwv. AXv sszh-øns krjvs-nl-s-\-bpss `mkw Xs -bm-wv. B simgpø {Zmh-I-Øn 28 Hcp-]mSv KpW-ß-fp-s v hnz-kv A`n-{]m-b-s -Sp-tºmƒ {]txy- In- pw. hmbv\m- -a-i- m hmb-i-gpin hrøn-bm- p- -Xp-t]mse enwkm-{k-n Ωw IgpIn hrøn-bm- m Ip n-isf ]Tn- n- p-ibmwv c n-xm- ƒ sntø- -Xv. {[ph-{]-tz-i-ß-fnepw ssixy-cm-py-ß-fnepw AXp-t]mse Db {]tz-i-ß-fnepw (h-b-\m-sv, Du n, simsss- -\m, lnam-e-b Xmgvhc) km[m-cw I p-h-cm-dp "lnalxn' bn (Frost Bite) (A-XnssiXyw aqe-ap thz-\ sam p-kq-nn-sim v IpØp- -Xp-t]m-sebp IS- nepw snmdn- n-epw) lna-l-xn-bn \n v enwkm{k `mksø ( m kn-s\) enwkm{k N Ωw kwc- n- p- p. tnem-i Ωw aqew ]pcp-j-enw-k-øns hen w KWy-ambn Ipd-bp p F pw Nne tumivs am A`n-{]m-b-s -Sp- p. ImcWw Adp-Øp-am- -s -Sp B sxmen ]pcp-j-enw-k-øns Xmgv`m-KsØ sxmen-bn \n pw hyxy-kvx-ambn Cc ]mfn-i-fp- -Xm-Wv(Doublelayered). ]pdsø ]mfn km[m-cw sxmenbpw (Skin) AIsØ `mkw t«jva N Ω-hpw (Mucosa) BWv. Aßs\ t\m p-tºmƒ ]pcp-j-enw-k-øns samøw sxmen-bn GXm v ]Ip-Xn-tbmfw `mk-amwv tnem-i Ω-Øn-eqsS \jvs-s -Sp- -Xv. B Adp-Øp-am- - s -Sp sxmen-bnse c - p-g-ep-iƒ (sn-dnb [a-\n-ifpw knc- Ifpw) tn Øp-h- m ssaep-i-tfmfw Zqc-ap- m-ip-a-t{x. CsXmcp AXn-i-tbm n Ie {]kvxm-h-\-bmbn \ap p txm mw. F nepw Hcp {]txyi {]h Ø-\-Øn\p th n kwhn-[m\w snbvxp- m- n-bn- p Hcp b{ -Øns GsX- nepw Hcp `mkw tism-hp- Itbm \jvs-s -Sp-Itbm snbvxm B b{ -Øns {]h Ø\ a- X -Ip-dbpw F Xv kmam-\y-_p- n-bp- -h v a\- n-em-hp Hcp Imcy-am-Wv. AXp-t]mse ssewkni Bh-iy-Øn-\mbn sszhw \ Inb Ah-b-h-Øn \n v Hc w apdn- p-am- n-bm ssewkni 29

{]h Ø-\-Ønepw ssewknimkzm-z-\-ønepw Hcp t]mcmbva \ap v {]Xo- n- mw. tnem-i Ωw snbvxm ssewkni thgvn-bpss ka-b-]-cn[n IqSpw, io{l-kvj-e\w Hgn-hmIpw Fs m-cp anyym-[m-cw Nne kp n aue-hn-amcpw Zp a-{ -hm-zn-ifpw apdn-ssh-zy- mcpw {]N-cn- n- m-dp- v. Cu [mcw XnI pw sx m-wv. ssewkni thgvn-bpss ssz Lyhpw ]mc-ay-xbpsams `mcym-` Øm- - m-cpss am\- kn-ihpw imco-cn-i-hp-amb Btcm-KysØ B{i-bn- m-wn-cn- p- - Xv. CXn G hpw {][m-\w am\-kn-i-amb Btcm-Ky-am-Wv. bmsxmcp am\-kni ]ncn-ap-dp- -hp-an- mø ss j-\n- m-ø kwxr-]vx-cm-b a p- -h v ]mc-sh-bv m-ø \njvi-f- -cmb Zº-Xn-am-cmWv ssewkn-ix AXns F m A -Ønepw ]q Æambn Bkz-Zn- p- -Xv F -dn-bp-i...! tnem-i Ωw ]pcp-j-enw-k-øns \ndw amdm\pw Imc-W-am- Ip- p. km[m-c-w-k-xn-bn \oe-tem-lnx h Æ-ap (Venous Purple) ]pcp-j-enwkw Dc-k-en\pw L j-w-øn\pw Db Dujvamhn-\p-sams hnt[-b-ambn AXns ]pxp-abpw an\p-khpw am ±hhpw Cu hpw \jvs-s v (Keratinization aqew) Hcp-Xcw (Dark Grey) Nmc-\n-d-ap- -Xmbn amdp- p. Aan-X-amb c -{km-hw, tjm v (Hypovolumic Shock) acww (SIDS- Sudden Infant Death Syndrome) AWp-_m-[, ssewkn-i-ssh- Ir-X-ßƒ (Sexual Perversions, Homo Sexualism, Mesogyny etc.) Imtam-±o-]\ i n-bn-ep (Erogenous) Ipdhv, ssewkni thgvn-bnep kwth-z-\- -a-x-bn-epw, kv] i-\- -axbn-ep-ap Ipd-hv, ]pcpj enwk-øns d hen w Ipd-b F n-ßs\ sndpxpw hep- Xp-ambn ap -Øn-sb-t mfw Imc-W-ß-fmWv tnem-i Ω-Øn-s\-Xn-sc tumivs am ]e-t mgpw FSp-Øp-Im- p- -Xv. 30 Npcp- -Øn tnem-i Ω-Øn bmsxmcp ax-hp-an-, imkv{xhp-an-. BsI-bp- Xv alm h -Øcw am{xw. "A n-i-f AÆms PmfyX' am{xw. tnemi Ωw snbvx ]pcp-js enwkw Cd-Iv Uv tã n (Erected State) ImWm \ `wkn-bp-s v (Visual Signal for Sexual Arousal) Imen-t^m Wnb kn n-bnse \mev thiy-iƒ A`n-{]m-b-s - Xv am{x-amwv Ct mƒ tnem-i ΩsØ A\p-Iq-en- p- -h v ]d-bm-\p GI \ymbw. tim SmIvSv se kp-iƒ (Contact Lenses) kq n- p-sh- m\pw Aaq-ey-ß-fmb cxv\-ßƒ Hfn- n- p-i-s-øm\pw (I- - -S-Øv) Nne hncp-x- m B enwkm{k N Ωw D]-tbm-Kn- p p F -dn-bp- Xpw IuXp-I-ap Imcyw-X-s -b-t...? CubSpØ Ime-Ømbn \h-pmx inip- -fn \S-Øn-h-cp tnem-i Ωw (Infant Circumcision) \ΩpsS \m n hfsc IqSp-X-embn-s m- n-cn- p- p. kp n appm-lnzv Pam AØv IpSpw-_-ß-fn Hcp ^mj-s\-t mww bmsxmcp XXz-Zo- tbm ho p-hn-nm-ctam C msx hfsc eml-h-tøm-sp-iq-sn-bmwv Cu IncmX \S-]Sn \S- Øn-s m- n-cn- p- -Xv. \h-pmx inip- ƒ v thz\ A\p-`-h-s - Sp- n Fs mcp anyym-[m-cwbpw Zº-Xn-Iƒ n-s-bn {]N-cn- n- -s -Sp- p. CXv sx m-sw- mwv Ata-cn- -bnse ]e Kth-j-Icpw inip-tcmk hnz-kv - mcpw (American Academy of Paediatrics) A`n- {]m-b-s -Sp- -Xv. tnem-i Ω-Øn nc-bmb \h-pmx inip- -fpss c -Øn ImW-s -Sp πmkva tim n-tkm-fns (Plasma Cortisol) B[n-Iyw, Aan-X-amb lrz-b-an-sn v (Increased Heart rate) D wssi hnb (Palmar Sweating) XpS-ßnb e -W-ßƒ B Ip n-iƒ \nc- cw i -amb thz\ A\p-`-hn- p-ibpw am\-kni ]ncn-ap-dp- - ØnepamsW- -Xns kqn-\-bmbn Ah A`n-{]m-b-s -Sp- p. ape- 31

mepw ape-bq- -s Sep-sams \ΩpsS Ip p-ß-fpss P m-h- Im-i-am-b-Xp-t]mse Ah-cpsS enwkm-{k-`m-k-øp B hnin-jvsamb N Ωw kwc- n v \ne-\n Øn-s m-sp- pi F p Xpw c n-xm- -fpss _m y-xbpw \ΩpsS Ip p-ß-fpss P- m-h- ImihpamsW- v Adn-bpI. B sxmen v bmsxmcp Ipg- hpw D - Xmbn Is -Øm \nßƒ v km y-a A m-lp-hns krjvsn- L-S-\-bn bmsxmcp Ipg- hpw Is -Øm \nßƒ v Ign-bp-Ibn F v Jp -B\pw aplωzv \_nbpw Bh Øn- m-h Øn v ]d ÿnxn v {]txy-in- pw. BIm-ihpw `qanbpw Ah- n-s-bn-ep- -Xpw aæn-\-sn-bn-ep- Xpw a\pjy ico-c-hp-sams ]S- Xv A m-lp-hm-sw pw Fßs\ t\m n-bmepw A m-lp-hns krjvsn-l-s-\-bn Fhn-sSbpw Hcp Ipg- hpw Is -Øm \nßƒ v Ign-bp-I-bn F pw Jp -B Bh Øn p ]d-bp- p. (67:3,4, 64:3, 51:21, (30:30) 40:64...87:1, 82:6,7, 95:4, 20:6,8, 20:50, 27:88) Fhn-sS-sb- nepw h Ipg- hpw \nßƒ I n- p-s - n AXv a\p-jys A\ym-b-amb ssii-s-ø aqeam-sw v Jp -B ]d- Xpw \mtam p-i. (30:36, 42:30) tnem-i Ωw snøp- -txm-sp-iqsn Ip n-i-fpss BIm-c-`w-Knbpw Ipd-bp- -Xmbn _p n-bp c n-xm- ƒ A`n-{]m-b-s -Sp- p. aq p \mep hb v {]mb-ap Ip n-isf tnem-i Ω-Øn-\p -apºpw tijhpw I n p c n-xm- ƒ v B "\ -k-xyw-' a-\- n-emhpw. hnip Jp -Bt\m apl-ωzv \_ntbm ]Tn- n- Xv ]Tn- msx A_q-lp-ssd-dbpw apb-hn-bbpw IpØn-h "Alvep- p- Øv' F {]ÿm-\-øns ax-{`m pw axm- -Xbpw ImcWw aøp-]n-sn amxm- ]n-xm- ƒ pw kp n appm-lnzv PamAØv aue-hn-am pw am{xta tnem-i Ω-Øns Zqjy-^-e-ßƒ F{X ]d- p-sim-sp-ømepw Zln- m-xn-cn- p-i-bp- p. 32 tnem-i Ωw Hcp {]iv\ ]cn-lm-c-a-. bym -Øn AXv Hcp-]mSv {]iv\-ß-fpss Bcw`w Ipdn- p-i-bm-sw v tumivs am A`n-{]m-b-s -Sp- p. tnem-i Ω-Øn-eqsS Btcm-Ky-hm\mb Hcp Ip n-bpss G hpw \ Hc-h-b-h-Øns - enw-k-øn-s kºq Æ Btcm-Ky-ap {]h Ø-\- -a-am-b Hcp sxmen-bmwv apdn- p- I-f-bp- -Xv. CXp Ip p-ß-tfmsv snøp G hpw henb Hcp {Iqc-X-bm-Wv. a\p-jym-h-imi ewl-\-hp-am-wv. _me-th-esb ("Child Abuse') \ncp- m-l-s -Sp-Øp `c-w-iq-s-ßfpw _p n-pohn-ifpw Ip p-ßƒ v t\sc-bp Cu A{I-ahpw FXn t - -Xm-Wv. AXp-sIm- p-xs tnem-i ΩsØ \ncp- m-l-s -SptØ- Xv _p n-bp Hmtcm c n-xm-hn-s bpw tumivs am-cpssbpw `c-w-iq-s-øn-s bpw Npa-X-e-bm-sW v DOC (Doctors Opposing Circumcision) A`n-{]m-b-s -Sp- p. Jp Bt\m apl- ΩZv \_ntbm amxri ImWn- mø Hcp A\m-Nm-c-amWv tnem- I Ωw F -Xp-sIm pw AXn bmsxmcp imkv{xo-b-x-bp-an F v sxfn- -Xp-sIm pw Hfn- p-in-s- p sndp-xpw- h-ep-xpam-b- H-cp-]mSv A]-I-S-ßƒ (Hidden Trauma) AXn D v F - Xp-sIm pw Jp -B kp Øv skmssk n Ip p-ßfnse tnem-i Ω-Øn-s\-Xnsc (Non Therapeutic Infant Circumcision) tims-xnsb kao-]n- m Xocp-am-\n hnhcw kk-t mjw Adnbn- -s. 33

"tnem-i Ωw A\n- m-aniw' F -Xns Jp -B-\nI sxfn-hp-iƒ Jp -B BsI ]cn-tim-[n- m tnem-i ΩsØ t{]m m-ln- n- p Hcp {]kvxm-h\ t]mepw ImWm km y-a F Xv {it b-am-wv. am{x-a-, tnem-i ΩsØ ]tcm- -ambn FXn p [mcmfw {]tbm-k-ßƒ Jp -B-\n ImWp-Ibpw snøp p. BImihpw `qanbpw AXn-\-Sn-bn-ep- Xpw aæn-\-sn-bn-ep- Xpw a\p-jy-ico-c-hp-sa mw krjvsn- Xv km m sszh-am-sw v Jp -B ]dbp p.. B sszh-øns krjvsn-l-s-\-bn Fhn-sSbpw Hcp Ipg- tam \yq\-xtbm Is -Øm \nßƒ v km y-a F pw Jp - B Bh Øn p ]d-bp- p. am{x-a-, a\p-jys\ G hpw \ ico-c-l-s-\-tbm-sp-iq-sn-bmwv \mw krjvsn- n- p- Xv F pw Jp -B DW Øp p. sszh-øns krjvsn-l-s-\-bn Fßs\ t\m nbmepw Xncn pw adn pw t\m n-bmepw Hcp Ipg- hpw ImWm \nßƒ v km y-a F v Jp -B Bh Øn p hy - am p p. At mƒ sszh-øns G hpw al-ømb Hcp krjvsnbmb a\p-jys G hpw al-ømb Hc-h-b-h-Øns enwk- Øns A -Øp B N Ω-Øn\v F p Ipg- -amwv \nßƒ ImWp- Xv F mwv Jp -B hnizm-kn-i-fmb \ap v kp n-itfmsv tnmzn- m-\p- -Xv. AXn-\m A mlp \ Inb B Aaqey-amb N Ωw A\m-h-iy-ambn If v a - m-cm-hm-xn-cn- p-i. BsI Cu tnem-i Ω-hm-Zn-Iƒ v ]d-bm-\p- Xv A_p-lp-ssd-d- 34 bpss Hcp a lzokmwv. "C{_mlnw \_n-bpss tnem-i Ωw Ign- Xv F ]-Xm-asØ hb- n-em-bn-cp p. AsXmcp timsm-ensim- m-bn-cp p' F I lzo-km-wxv. F m C{_mlnw \_n Hcp axm-nm-c-sa \ne v tnem-i Ωw snbvxn- n-. Ds - n AXv Jp -B-\n ImWp-am-bn-cp- p. (87:19, 26:196, 39:65...) C{_mlnw \_n-bpss "al-ømb kp Øv' ]n ]- n-bmwv \nßƒ AXv snøp- -sx- n 80- masø hb- n snbvxm t]msc...? At m-tg pw "timsm-en-sim v simøm ' ]mi-øn Hcp ]Spacw IWs "CjvS ' hf p ] -en- p-am-bn-cn- pw...! \_n-bpss Ime-tØm, a w ^Xvln Iq w-iq- -ambn C m-an-te v h ]pxphn-izm-kn-itfm Cu tnem-i Ωw snbvx-xmbn sxfn-bn- m Hcp hmtdme lzo-kp-t]m-ep-an-. am{x-a-, \_n Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS s]mt ma\ ]u{x- m-cm-bn-cp l, lpss F o Ip n-i-fpss tnem- I Ωw snbvx-xn\pw {]_-e-amb hnizm-k-tbm-ky-amb - - - Hcp sxfnhp-an-. \_n-bpss k X kl-nm-cn-i-fm-bn-cp Aen, Da, Dkvam, A_q-_- XpS-ßn-b-hcpw Cu A\m-Nmcw snbvx-xmbn bmsxmcp sxfn-hp-an-...! aq m \_nbpw (Moses) lmdq \_nbpwcukm \_nbpw tnem-i ΩsØ FXn Ø-Xn\v [mcmfw sxfn-hp-i-fp- p- Xm-\pw...! C m-an hnip Jp -B-\n sszhn-i-amb sndpxpw hep-xpamb Hcp-]mSv \nb-a-ß-fp- v. B hn[n-hn-e- p-i-sfm pw s]mxpsh Ip n-iƒ v _m[-i-a F -XmWv Jp -B-\n \n pw a\- n-emhp Hc- px hkvxp-x. F m {]mb-]q Øn-bm-Ip- -txmss _p n-bp-d- p- -txmss am{x-am-wv Jp -B-\nI \nb-a-ßƒ A\pk-cn- m Ah _m y-ÿ-cm-ip-i-bp- p. ImcWw Ip n-i-sfbpw apxn -h-scbpw ax-\n-b-a-ßƒ A\p-k-cn- n- p Imcy-Øn c p X n-em-bn- mwv Jp -B ]cn-n-b-s -Sp-Øp- -Xv. (24:58,59). Cu Jp - 35

B-\nI \nb-a-øns ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-emWv ]Øp hb- n\p Xmsgbp Ip n-i-sf-s m v t\mº-\p-jvtn- n- ldm-am-sw v Camw A_p l\o-^bpw auehn tni- q-cp-sams A`n-{]m-b-s -Sm Imc- Ww. CsX mw "t\mºv', "{hxm-\p-jvtm\w C m-an ' F o {KŸß-fn hni-z-am- n-b-xn-\m AXn-hnsS Bh Øn- p- n-. Npcp- -Øn Ad_n `mj-bn-ep Jp -B kz w amxr- `m-j-bn ]Tn v a\- n-em- msx "Rms\mcp C mw ax-hn-izmkn-bmwv, Rms\mcp ap o- -amwv' F p ]d-bepw A -a-dn-bmsx Ad_n `mj-bn {]m n- p- Xpw A -a-dn-bmsx Ad_n `mj-bn \a-kvi-cn- p- Xpw A hpw Bi-bhpa-dn-bmsX Ad_n `mj-bn "{KŸw Npa- p Igp-X-Isf t]mse' Jp - B HmXp- Xpw XnI Jp -B [n m-chpw in v t]msebp Hcp Ip -hp-amwv F Jp B-\nI ]mtw \mw C\n-sb- nepw ]Tn- p-i. (47:24, (38:29), (25:30,73) 10:100, 17:36). Jp -B HmXp-I-bm-sW- n AXns A hpw Bi-bhpw IqSn Adn- n-cn- -Ww. As - n Adn-bp- -h-tcmsv tnmzn p ]Tn- -Ww. A m-ø-] w sszh-tim-]-øn\pw sszhni in pw \mw hnt[-b-cmipw F -dn-bp-i. A m-lp-hns A\p-{K-l-Øm C v [mcmfw Jp -B ]cn-`m-j-iƒ \ap v e`y-am-wv. [mcmfw Zp hym- Jym-\-ßfpw hymp hni-zo-i-c-w-ßfpw Hmtcm I nbpw Ah-c-hcpsS Jp B ]cn-`m-j-i-fn ASn- p-dn- mbn \ In-bn- p-s - nepw B Zp hym-jym-\-ß-sf mw Hcp Xpd N -bn-eqss ]pd-øp-nm-sn- m\pw Xncp-Øm\pw Jp -B hnizm-kn-iƒ v Ign-bpw...! Npcp- - Øn temim-\p-{k-ln-bmbn Atd-_y-bn h \_n-sbbpw Ad_n `mj-bn-en-d-ßnb Jp -B-\n-s\bpw kz w amxr-`m-j-bn ]Tn v a\- n-em- msx C mw ax-øn "saº jn-s -Sp m ' Hscm hntz- 36 in pw (hn-izm-kn pw) ]msp- m-bn-cp- n ]msn- Imc-Ww, Cw ojv `mj am{x-a-dn-bp si -Un v Ad_n `mj-bn-en-d-ßnb Jp -B Fßs\ DZvt_m-[-\-am-Ipw. lnμn am{x-a-dn-bp Cμn-c v Ad-_nbn-en-d-ßnb Jp -B Fßs\ KpWw snøpw? ae-bmfw am{x-a-dnbp cma\pw IrjvW\pw Ad-_n-bn-en-d-ßnb DZvt_m-[\w Fßs\ a\- n-em-ipw? AXp-sIm- mwv hmb-\bpw hmb-\m-`ym-k-hp-sams H m-asø C mw Imcy-ambn Jp -B BZyw Xs ]Tn- n- -Xv. Npcp- -Øn apl-ωzv \_nsb A mlp a -bn \ntbm-kn- Xv temiw apgp-h "A p t\c \a-kvim-cw' -sim v \nd-bv mt\m temiw apgp-h A p-t\cw _m v simspøv i_vz-ap-j-cn-x-am- mt\m temi-øp P\-ßsf apgph Ad_n `mj-bn {]m n- n- mt\m temiw apgp-h "tnem-i Ω ikv{x-{inb \S- n-em- mt\m Bbn-cp- n- '. adn v sszhw Fs v icn- -dn-bmø A m-lp-hn-s\- p-dn v hni-e-amb Iptd Nn{X-ßfpw _nw_-ßfpw a\- n sh v Xmtem-en- n-cp B Im -d-_n-i-fpss hnizm-ksø hna-eo-i-cn- m\pw A m-lp-hn-s\- p-dn- p hy -amb Nn{Xw Ah v \ Im\pw Znhkw Hcp-t\-cw-t]mepw icn-bmbn {]m n- m-\-dn-bmø \nc- -c-ip- n-i-sf v temiw Ifn-bm- n-bn-cp Ad-_n-Iƒ n-s-bn icn-bmb sszh-hn-izm-khpw Hcp \a-kvimc coxnbpw (sh n-bmgvn Znh-ksØ PpapA \a-kvim-chpw B \-akvimcw t]mse-bp \nxy-\-a-kvim-c-ß-fp-am-bn-cp p \_n ]Tn- n {]m -\-Iƒ) hf Øn-sb-SpØv Ah v thzhpw hn m- \hpw ]Tn- n v A v C y-bnepw bqtdm- nepw ] n-ta-jy-bn-epsams D m-bn-cp kwkvim-c-k-º- -cmb Hcp P\-X-sb-t mse Ahsc Db Øm-\p-am-bn-cp- p. AXn \_n Xncp-ta\n Hcp ]cn-[nhsc hnp-bn- p-ibpw snbvxp. \_n P\n Atd-_y-bn Xs D m-bn-cp \-_nsb klm-bn- n-cp PqX IrkvXy ]WvUn- 37

X- msc Jp B hmt\mfw ]pi-gvøp- -Xp-Im-Wp-I. (3:113) (3:199) (3:75)...(5:82,83) a\p-jys\ Rm krjvsn- p. Ah\v G hpw \ - i-coc LS\ \ Ip-Ibpw snbvxp F v Jp -B ]d-bp- p. (ejzv le- v\ C km\ ^o Alvk-\-XJvhow 95:4,5) At mƒ G hpw at\m-lc-am-bxv F v Jp -B Xs ]cn-n-b-s -Sp-Ønb B a\p-jy icoc-l-s-\sb hni-e-am- pi F -Xm-bn-cp p B snip-øm- m-cpss e yw. B enwkm-{k-n Ωw apdn- p-i-f-tb ico-c-`mkamsw- n A mlp AXv Xs krjvsn-l-s-\-bn Dƒs -Sp-Øptam...? t\ ark-ß-fmb H -I-Øn-s bpw BSn-s bpsams ImXp- Iƒ Iodn apdn v AS-bmfw sh p Hcp ]Xnhv Adn-_n-Iƒ p- m-bn-cp- psh v \mw t\csø kqnn- n- p-h-s m.. Ad-_n-I-fpsS B {Iqc IrXysØ Jp B FXn p-ibpw AXns\ \nin-xambn hna in- p-ibpw snøp- p- v. (4 : 118, 119 hn-\-ßƒ {i n- p-i.) "snip-øm Ah-tcmSv I n- p-tºmƒ Ah \m m-en- I-fpsS ImXp-Iƒ Iodn apdn- p- p. snip-øm Ah-tcmSv I n- p-tºmƒ Ah A m-lp-hns krjvsn Ae-t m-e-s -Sp-Øpw.' tihew Hcp hf Øp-ar-K-tØm-Sp Jp -B-\ns kao]\w CXmsW- n \ΩpsS ]n p-ip- n-i-fpss enwkm-{k-n Ωw tozn- p-i-fbm A m-lpthm dqkqtem A\p-h-Zn- ptam? Jp -B-\n-se- hmtdme lzo-kp-i-fn t]mepw hy -amb Hcp sxfn-hn- mø Hcp ss]im-nn-imnm-c-amwv Cu tnem-i Ωw F -dn-bp-i...! am{x-a-, Jp -B-\n ImWmØ ax-hn-[n-iƒ btyjvsw Xnc-s -Sp- phm\pw \S- n-em- phm\pw ap ow-iƒ v ]msn m F pw Jp -B {]txyiw hnhn-[ `mk-ß-fnepw hnhn[ ssien-i-fn-ep-ambn [mcmfw DW Øp- Ibpw snøp- p- v. DZm-l-c-W-ambn 68: 38 hn\w {i n- p-i. 38 tnem-i Ωw Jp -B hncp w F -Xn\v {]_-e-amb Nne sxfn-hpiƒ -IqSn...! hnip Jp -Bt\m apl-ωzv \_ntbm ]Tn- n- mø A\m- Nm-c-ß-fmWv 5 t\chpw 6 t\chpw 3 t\chpsams -bp _m p-hnfnbpw Jp -B-\n C mø 5 t\c \a-kvim-chpw tnem-i Ω-hpsam-s. \_n-bpss (_n-em-en-s ) bym _m phnfn (sh nbmgvn Znhkw _nem hnfn- n-cp A z-em... A z-em... F _m v hnfn) C pw a -bnepw azo-\-bnepw dbm-znepsams -bp- v. tni- q aue-hn-bpss {KŸ-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw Jp -B kp Øv skmssk- n-bpss a v {]kn- o-i-c-w-ß-fn-eq-ssbpw CsXms Rßƒ apºv Gsd hni-zo-i-cn- -Xm-Wv. Jp -Bt\m apl-ωzv \_ntbm ]Tn- n- mø kp n-i-fp-tsbpw inbm- -fp-tsbpw B _m v hnfnbn ]tømfw sx p-ifps v tni- q auehn ka n- n v h jw 25 Ign- p. C p-hsc H appm-lnzv kp n Pam-AØp aue-hn-bpw _m nse Hc-_- -sa- nepw \ymbo-i-cn v adp-]sn ]dbm cwkøv h n- n-. F n v bmsxmcp a\- m n pøp-an- msx 5 t\chpw 6 t\chpw 3 t\chpw kp n-ifpw inbm- fpw appmlnzpw Pam-AØpw kv]o -dn-eqss a -cn v _m v simsp-øp-sim- n-cn- p-i-bm-wv. dnbm-zv, Pn±, Zamw, JØo-^v, _lvssd (a-\m-a), tzml- -(J-Ø ) XpS-ßnb ] -W-ß-fn Htc kabw ]Øpw Ccp- 39

]Xpw ] n-i-fn \n p- _m v hnfn-bmwv \ap v tiƒ m Ign-bp- -Xv. {]`m-x-ønse B Iq _m v Dd w ImcWw ]ecpw tiƒ mdn. ti m Xs km[m-cw kp n-ifpw appm-ln-zp-ifpw Dd w \n Øn ] n-bn-te v t]mim-dp-an-. A v t\csø \nkvimchpw A v t\csø _m v hnfnbpw "Bao ' ]d-b-ep-sams ap ow-i-fpss Bflo-b-X-bpsS t\ p A\m-hiyamb ssitb- -am-sw- n tnem-i Ωw ap o-i-fpss t\ p imco-cn-i-amb ssitø- -am-wv. CsXm v hni-z-am-t - -Xp- v. AXyp-Zm-c\pw Icp-Wm-\n-[n-bp-amb Hcp A m-lp-hn-s\-bmwv Jp -B\pw apl-ωzv \_nbpw DS-\ofw ]cn-n-b-s -Sp-Øp- -Xv. a\pjy v IcpW snøpi F Xv Hcp _m y-x-bmbn Gs -SpØ Hcp A m-lp-hn-t\-bmwv Jp -B\pw apl-ωzv \_nbpw \ap v ]cn-n-bs -Sp-Øp- -Xv. GI-ssZ-h-Øn- hniz-kn- p-ibpw k I Ω-ßƒ snøp-ibpw snøp GXp hy n pw B sszhw kz hpw ]ctem-itam hpw Jp -B-\n-eqsS Ccp-\q- n-b-º-txmfw XhW hmkvzm\w snøp- p. [(2:62) (5:69) (5:9)... (95:6)] AhnsS a\p-jy GXv PmXn-bmWv, GXv ax- m-c-\mwv, F{X t\cw \a-kvi-cn- p- p, GXv coxn-bn \a-kvi-cn- p- p, GXv `mj-bn {]m n- p p Fs m pw Jp -B t\m n-bn- n-. GI-ssZh hnizm-khpw ]ctem-i-hn-izm-khpw ]tcm-]-im-c-{]-z-amb k I Ω-ß-fp-ap F m ax-ßfpw Jp -Bs ZrjvSn-bn C mw Xs...! F m A_plp-ssd-dbpw apb-hn-bbpw I -l-zo-kp-i-fn-eqss ]Tn- n- Xv IrXyambn A v t\cw ] n-bn t]mbn \a-kvi-cn- -W-sa pw IÆv 40 s]m \v t]mepw _m v hnfn-ti- m ] n-bn FØ \n _- - am-sw pw _m v ti m ] n-bn FØm-Ø-h-cpsS hosn\v Xo shbv -W-sa- p-am-wv. Jp -B-\n-t\bpw apl-ωzv \_n-tbbpw Ah- K-Wn- p-sim v B lzo-kp-isf H mw {]am-w-ambn hniz-kn F m kp n- -ap-pm-ln-zv- -P-am-AØv aue-hn-am-cpssbpw Ah-cpsS a fp-tsbpw hnizmkw A v t\cw ] n-bn t]mbn \a-kvi-cn- n- ns - n A mlp in n pw F p-x-s -bm-wv. Znh-khpw ] nbn t]mbn kwl-sn-x-ambn \a-kvi-cn- pi F Xv hnizm-kn-iƒ v A{]m-tbm-Kn-I-am-Wv F Jp -B-\nI ]mtw ]Tn- msx B I lzo-kp-isf am{xw hniz-kn kp n-iƒ s]mxpth \a-kvimc iq\ytcm kpam \a-kvim-c- mtcm Bbn. IrXy-ambn A v t\cw F pw ] n-bn t]mimø Xm Hcp ]q Æ ap o-a F Hcp [mcw (Hm-kvhmkv) Ahs a\- n hf-cm B hnizmkw Imc- W-am-bn. F m Znh-khpw ] n-bn t]mbn kwl-sn-x-ambn {]m n- pi F Xv A{]m-tbm-Kn-I-am-sW pw sh n-bmgvn Znhkw am{xamwv kwl-snx \a-kvim-c-øn-\v(-pp-apa \a-kvim-c-øn-\v) hnizm-kn-iƒ ] n-bn FtØ- Xv F v Jp -B\pw \_nbpw ]Tn- n- -t mƒ, sh n-bmgvn am{xw t]mcm, F m Znh-khpw IrXyw A v t\cw F m-hcpw (IÆv s]m t]mepw) ] n-bn h v \a-kvi-cn- -W-sa- mwv A_q-lq-ssd-dbpw apb-hn-bbpw \nb-a-am- n-b-xv. Aßns\ hcm-ø-h-cpss hosn\v Xo hbv -W-sa p hsc Ah \nb-a-am- n. Aßns\ A m-lphpw dkqepw ]Tn- n Jp - B-\nI \nbaw ]Tn- msx A_q-lp-ssd-d-bpsS I lzo-kp-iƒ 41

am{xw ]Tn kp n ap o-wiƒ Ah Adn-bmsX s]mxpsh Jp - B [n m-cn-ifpw kpam hnizm-kn-ifpw kpam \a-kvim-c- m-cpam-bn. ImcWw IrXy-ambn A v t\cw ] n-bn t]mbn \a-kvicn- m-ø-h-cmwv kp n- -ap-pm-ln-zv- -P-am-AØv {]ÿm-\- m-cn 95 ix-am-\hpw F -dn-bp-i. F m sndp w apxte ] n a{z- -Ifn sh v ]Tn- n- Xp {]Imcw "IrXy-ambn A v t\cw ] n-bn t]mbn kwl-sn-x-ambn {]m n- -em-wv C mw axw.' As - n Ah Im^n BWv. F m "al-ømb B C mw ax-\n-baw' X\n v ]q Æ-ambn C v hsc ]men- m Ign n n F v Hmtcmkp n ap-pm-lnzv Pam-AØv aue-hn-am-cpssbpw Ah-cpsS in n-sn-ifp-tsbpw a\: m n Ah-tcmSv a{ n- p- p. Ah-cpsS B a\- m n IpØv ImcWw Ah IqSp-X Nn n v {]iv\-ap- m- m-xn-cn- m\pw Alvvep p- Øv h Pam-AØv F A\m-Nmc ax-øn \n v Ah ]pdøv NmSm-Xn-cn- m\pw "A_q-lp-ssd-d-Iƒ' Xs as mcp "Bizmk\nbaw' Ah v D m n simsp-øp. AsX-s - t? "A v t\cw \a-kvi-cn- n- n-s - n Ipg- -an-. A v t\cw \akvi-cn- Ww F Hcp kn m- -sa- nepw a-\- n sh v ]pe Ø- Ww, A v t\cw \a-kvi-cn- p- -hsc hne- -cp-xv' F mwxv. "A v t\cw \a-kvi-cn- n- n-s - n Ipg- -an-. A v t\cw \akvi-cn- Jp -B hncp- -am-sw v {]kw-kn- p-ibpw Fgp-Xp- Ibpw snøp- -hsc sim Ww' F \nbaw D m- n-bxpw CtX "A_q-lp-ssd-d-Iƒ' Xs -bm-wv. Npcp- -Øn hnip Jp -B\pw \_n-bpss bym Ncn-{Xhpw ad v sh v sim v aqb-hn-bbpw 42 A_q-lp-ssd-dbpw Hcp "A v t\c kwl-snx \a-kvimcw' _em m-c-ambn azo-\-bnepw a -bnepw \S- n-em- n-bn pw Xs cmjv{so-b-amb F m kzm[o-\hpw kºøpw Iqen- - m-f-søbpw AXn-\p-]-tbm-Kn- n- pw aqbhnb-bpss A v t\csø kwl-snx \akvimcw \_n-bpss PpapA \a-kvimcw t]mse hf-cp-itbm A`nhr n {]m]n- p-itbm snbvxn. ImcWw A_p-lq-ssd-dbpw apbhn-bbpw X{ -]q Δw ]Sp-Øp-b Ønb "A v t\csø kwl-snx \a-kvimcw' Ah ]Tn- n AtX Kuc-h-Ønepw {]m[m-\y-ønepw kp n-iƒ FSp-Øn-cp- p-sh- n C v temi-øp F m ap ow ] n-i-fnepw Znh-khpw sh n-bmgvn Znh-k-tØ-Xp-t]mse A v t\chpw hnizm-kn-iƒ Xnßn \nd-bp-ambn-cp- p. ]t Aßns\ kw`-hn- n- n-...! Aßns\ kw`-hn- p- p-an-...! apb-hnb B \nbaw AXn-i- -ambn \S- n-em- nb kuzn Atd-_y-bn t]mepw Znh-khpw \a-kvimc ka-bøv \n _- n v ISIƒ AS- n- n v t]mepw apb-hn-b-bpss Xmh-gn- m-cmb apø-δam \n _- n v IS- Iƒ AS- n- n pw \_n-bpss "kze-hnfn' A v t\cw Aßm-Sn-bneqsS \S v \S- n-em- n-bn pw _em m-c-ambn ]nsn- p-sim- pt]mbn \a-kvi-cn- n- n pw shdpw A v ix-am\w hsc Bfp-Iƒ am{x-amwv AhnsS \nxy-p-am-a-øn\v ] n-bn FØp- Xv F dn-bp-i. \ΩpsS \m n-em-hs B \nxy-\-a-kvim-c-øn\v ]e kp n ] n-i-fnepw Bfp-Iƒ C mø Ah-ÿ-bm-Wp- Xv. ]e-t mgpw Camapw ap{inbpw Ah-cpsS in n-sn-ifpw ] n-bp-ambn _ -s v Pohn- p hnc-en FÆm-hp- -hcpw am{x-amwv AhnsS \nxy-p- 43

am-a-øn\v FØp- Xv. AXpw IrXy-ambn iºfw In p- -Xp-sIm- p-am-{xw...! AtX kabw Jp -B\pw apl-ωzv \_nbpw ]Tn- n sh n-bmgvn txmdp-ap PpapA \a-kvim-c-øn\v "apa-±n ' _m p-hn-fn- m ad- mepw hnizm-kn-iƒ Ipfn-s m-cpßn \ hkv{xw DSpØv BÀm-Z-tØmsS ] n-bn FØp- p. At mƒ ChnsS Ct mgpw hnp-bn v \n p Xv A m-lp-hns {]IrXn ax-amb C mw Xs -bm-sw- -dn-bp-i. Jp -B-\n-eqsS hnizm-kn-i-tfmsv PpapA -\-a-kvimc-øn\v hcm A m-lphpw dkqepw I ]n- -Xnt\- mƒ Kuc-h-tØmSpw i n-tbmspw IqSn-bmWv "A vt\c kwl- SnX \a-kvim-cøn\v' ] n-bn-se-øm A_q-lp-ssd-dbpw apb-hnbbpw lzo-kn-eqss ]Tn- n Xv F -Imcyw \mw {]txyiw Hm t - -Xp- v. Jp -B\pw apl-ωzv \_nbpw ]Tn- n Jp -B kp - Øns al-xzhpw A_q-lp-ssdd lzo-kp-i-fn-eqss ]Tn- n Alvep kp Øv h Pam-AØv F Atd-_y ]mc-ºcy kwkvimc kwc- W kwl-s-\-bpss ]m -c-øhpw tni- q auehn Xs {KŸ-ß-fnepS-\ofw hni-z-am- n-b-xn-\m AXn-hnsS Bh Øn- p- n-. Npcp- -Øn, A p-t\cw \a-kvi-cn- n- n-s - n in n- p- - -\-a-kvim-c-ß-fn H v sshin-bm in n- p- - -\-a-kvim-c- Øns "i tøm-^ tfm' at m H v sx n-bm in n- p \-akvim-c-øn\v apºv as-ºp-c v Im Igp-In-bn- n-s - n in n- p- - -A-d_n `mj-bn {]m n- n- n-s - n in n- p- - -\-a-kvi-cn- ptºmƒ a -bnse IA-_-bn-tebv v apjw Xncn- n- n-s - n in n- 44 p {Iqc-\mb Hcp A m-lp-hn-s\-bmwv {Iq-c-\mb Hcp sszhsø-bmwv Atd-_y kp n-iƒ l-zo-kn-eqss \ap v ]cn-n-b-s - Sp-Øn-Ø-cp- -Xv. AtX-k-abw a\p-jy-tcmsv Ft mgpw Icp-W-sNøp Zbm-]-c-\mb hniz-kn- p-sim v k I Ω-ßƒ snøp F m ax- m pw Hcp-t]mse kz hpw ]c-tem-itam hpw \ Ip Hcp A m-lp-hn-s\-bmwv, Jp -B\pw apl-ωzv \_nbpw \ap v ]cn-n-b-s -SpØn Xcp- -Xv. AXp-sIm- mwv Jp -Bt\m apl- ΩZv \_ntbm ]Tn- n- mø A p-t\c \a-kvimchpw _m pw Bao ]d-b-ep-sams ap owifpss Bflo-b-Xsb If- -s -Sp- Øp A m-lp-hns\ pdn- p bym Nn{Xw hni-e-am- p Bflo-b-amb Hcp ssii-s-ø-embn \mw Nn{Xo-I-cn- p- -Xv. AtXt]mse A m-lpthm Jp -Bt\m \_ntbm ]Tn n mø tnem- I Ωw Atd-_y PqX- msc A -ambn A\p-I-cn v \mw BN-cn v t]m -t mƒ \ΩpsS ]q Δn-I BN-cn v h -t mƒ AsXm-cp imco-cn-i-amb ssitø- -Ønepw \jvs-ønepw Iem-in- p...! Jp -B hnizm-kn-i-fmb Rßƒ Jp -B kp ØpImcmb Rßƒ Jp -B\pw apl-ωzv \_nbpw ]Tn- n- -Xp-t]mse (11:114) ]I-ens c - -ß-fnepw cm{xn-bnse BZy-bm-a-ß-fn-ep-ambn aq v t\cw \a-kvi-cn- p- Xpw sh n-bmgvn Znhkw IWni-ambn PpapA \a-kvi-cn- p- Xpw {]m n- p-tºmƒ a -bnse IA-_- bn-tebv v apjw Xncn- p- Xpw {]m -\-bn Ad_n `mj-bn-ep Jp -B-\n \n v {]mtbm-kn-i-am-bxv HmXp- Xpw, dwkm-\nse FÆs Znh-k-ßfn t\mºv A\p-jvTn- p- Xpw, km[y-am-sb- n 45

H v a Øv t]mbn l v snøp- Xpw tnem-i Ωw snøm-xn-cn- p- Xpw Rß-fpsS \_n-bpss Ncy (kp- -Øv) ]n ]- p- -Xns `mk-am-bn- m-wv. AXv Jp -B-\n \n v In p Rß-fpsS \_nbpss kxy-amb kp -Øp-I-fmWv. B Ncy-Iƒ am{x-amwv icn Fs mcp hmzhpw \ap- n-. Jp -B ]Tn- n- -Xp-t]mse tam - Øn-te-bv p At\Iw am K-ß-fn H v am{x-amwv Jp -B...! {InkvXp-a-Xhpw (ss n-fpw), PqX-a-Xhpw sslμh [ Ωhpw F mw GI-ssZ-h-Ønepw ]c-temi tam -Ønepw ]tcm-]-im-c-ap kxvi Ω-ß-fnepw A[njvTnX-am-b-Xp-sIm v Ah-sb mw Jp - Bs `mjbn C mw Zo Xs (im- n-am Kw Xs ) in v Hgn-hm- n-bm F mw H p-x-s. CsX mw \mw apºv hni-z-am- nb-xn-\m AXn-hnsS Bh Øn- p- n-. "C mw' F m Atd_y kwkvimca...! F m \ hkvxp fpw hnizmkniƒ p A\phZn s ncn p p (5:4,5) (7:157) (7:33) F p Jp B ]dbp p. AXpt]mse Ip Icsa p txm nb Hcp Imcyhpw snøcpsx pw, AXnt\mSv klicn cpsx pw Jp B DW Øp p. AXpsIm v `qanbnep F m \ kwkvimcßfptsbpw \ hißƒ kzmwioicn p Xn ap nwiƒ p sx n. `mcxob kwkvimcønepw bqtdm]y kwkvimcønepw, {Ko p kwkvimcønepw, Atacn kwkvimcønepw, Atd_y kwkvimcønepw ImWs Sp \ hißƒ kzmbøam p Xn ap owiƒ p sx n. B kwkvimcßfnse \ Xpw NoØbpamb Imcyßƒ Hcp ]cn[n hsc Bt] nihpamwv F Imcyhpw \mw ad mxncn pi...! kv{xoiƒ ] ± [cn pi, ap ow ]pcpj am Xebn Fs nepw (sxm ntbm at m) [cn pi, tnemi Ωw snøpi, cmhpw ]Iepambn Iptd XhW \akvicn p sim ncn pi, 5Dw 6Dw XhW _m v simsp pi, kp Øp \a-kvimc-ßf\p-jvtn- pi, kp -Øp-t\m-ºp-I-f-\p-jvTn- p-i, XmSn-sh- p-i, dafm amkw 46 47

apgph t\mº\pjvtn pi (dafm\nse FÆs Znhkßfn t\mº\pjvtn m\mwv (Aøma aavzqzmøv) Jp B\pw aplωzv \_nbpw ]Tn n Xv) l pw, Dwdbpw snbvxpsim ncn pi F nßs\ Hcp]mSp Imcyßƒ Atd_y kwkvimchpambn _ s pimwmw. F m CsXms \n _ amswt m apkvenamhm CsX mw AXymhiyamsWt m, [n mc ]q Δa msx Bcm[\Ifpt] n m \ciin bps t m Jp B\pw aplωzv \_nbpw FhnsSbpw ]Tn n p n. F m apbhnbbpw A_qlpssddbpw X{ ]camb Hc nadnbneqss \_n ]Tn n Jp B\nI kxyßƒ ad phbv pibpw, Jp Bs hnizoicww F t]cn \_nbpss lzokpiƒ F t]cn Hcp c mw {]amwap m pibpw, B lzokpifneqss, Atd_y kwkvimchpw, ]mcºcyhpw, Nn mkxnifpw "C maniw' F t]cn temiøv ] ΔXoIcn v {]Ncn n pibpw snbvxp. CsX mw "A_qlpssddbpw C man \S KpcpXcamb A nadnifpw' F `mkøv \mw hnizoicn Xn\m ChnsS Bh Øn p n. Npcp Øn \ΩpsS thz {KŸamb Jp B Ad_nbnembXp sim pw aplωzv\_n Xncpta\n Atd_ybn P\n pibpw Pohn pibpw snbvxxp sim pw Atd_y kwkvimchpambn _ s Nne ]cma ißfpw \S]Sn {Iaßfpw Jp B\n ImWmw. AsXm pw C mw axøns ASnÿm\ {]amwamtbm, C mw axøns kvxw`amtbm Jp B\pw \_nbpw ]Tn n p n. Ad_n `mjbv pt]mepw a p `mjifn \n pw 48 hyxyÿambn Fs nepw "t]mcni'bps t m, alxzaps t m Jp B AhImis Sp pan. temiøp F m `mjbpw A mlphnt Xp Xs...! "Ad_n' kz Ønse `mjbmsw Atd_y kp nifpss (kp n appmlnzv PamAØp auehnamcpss)hmzw \nc IamsW pw, Jp B hncp amsw pw kmcw...! `qanbnep F m P\hn`mKßƒ pw, AhcpsS amxr`mjbn kwkmcn p sszhzqxt\bpw (dkqent\bpw) AhcpsS `mjbnep thz{kÿsøbpw, AXmXp kabßfn \ Inbn p v F v Jp B DW Øp p. AYhm F m `mjbnepw A mlp Jp B t]msebp D t_m[\ßƒ thz{kÿßƒ \ Inbn p v F p kmcw. a\pjy v thz{kÿhpw k m hpw \ Ip ImcyØn PmXnaX hyxymktam, h h ÆhyXymktam, `mjm hnthn\tam, A mlp ImWn n n F pkmcw. (10:47) (14:4) (35:25) (22:34) F m `mjbpw kwkvimchpw A mlphn v Hcpt]mse...! CsX mw "k ΔaXkXyhmZw Jp B\n ' F `mkøp auehn hnizoicn Xn\m ChnsS Bh Øn p n. B \ kwkvimcßfn ImWs Sp A\pIcWobamb \S]Sn {Iaßfpw BNmcßfpw kμ `a\pkcn v hnizmkniƒ v kzoicn mw...! CsX mw "Jp B temikam[m\øns {KŸw' F `mkøv \mw hnizam nbn p v. "C mw' F m GIssZh hnizkhpw (XuloZv) ]ctemitam Ønep hnizmkhpw, ]tcm]imcap 49

k I Ωßƒ snøepamwv. (2:62, 5:69) Cu aq p ASnÿm\ kn m ßfn Dd p\n psim v axøn GXp coxnbnep ]cnjvicw {]h Ø\ßƒ \S nem m ap ow ]WvUnX\pw ap ow `cwm[nimcn pw AhImiap v. AX\pkcn m Hmtcm ap oapw _m[yÿ\mwv.(4:59) Bcm[\Ifnse A\mNmcßƒ, (\-a-kvim-c-øn \_nsb hnfn-, Ban ]d-b, l nse I p-npw-_n- ) A]ISIcamb Bcm[\m coxniƒ, (l- nse It -dv) knhn {Ian\ \nbaßƒ, ]n ps m \nbaßƒ, sshhmlni \nbaßƒ hnhmltamn\ \nbaßƒ F nhbnsems Bhiysa p txm nbm AXmXp \m nse ]WvUnX am pw, `cwm[nimcniƒ pw \oxn]q Δw am w hcpøm Jp B A\phmZw \ Ip p. AX\pkcn ap owifpss _m[yxbpamwv. CsX mw "hnip Jp B\nse ASnÿm\ kn m ßƒ' F `mkøp \mw hnizam nbn p v. GI sszhhnizmknifmb PqX\pw, {InkvXym\n pw lnμphn\pw ap ow kv{xoisf hnhmlw snømw (5:4,5), ] ± C mans HutZymKnI hkv{x[mcwa, ]pcpj m p-]-icw th n h m kv{xoiƒ pw \akvimcøn\p t\xrxzw \ Imw, ]pcpj\mb Hcp km n p]icw kv{xoifmb c p km niƒ BhiyamWv F Jp B \nbaw Bt] niamwv. (\_nbpss Hcp \S]Sn {Iaw kp Øp am{xamwxv) Nnet mƒ Hcp kv{xo km nxs axnbmipw, Nnet mƒ ]pcpj amsc mƒ \ km n kv{xo Bbncn pw Fs ms bp tum: l Xpdm_nbpsS 50 (kpum ) ({]t_m[\w 2006 Pq 17) hmzßƒ Jp B\nIambn icnbmwv F pkmcw. Jp B kp ØpImcmb Rßƒ Xpdm_nbpsS B hmzßsf kl jw kzmkxw snøp p...! Npcp- -Øn Atd-_y kp n-i-fpss "A p-t\c \a-kvimc-ønepw,' A p-t\c _m nepw, lzo-kp-{k-ÿ-ß-fn-ep-sam-s -bp Jp -B hn-cp- -amb \qdv IW n\v A_- -ßfpw A]-I-S-ßfpw hj-f-ø-c-ß-fp-sams Ign \m Xv h j-ambn tni- q auehn Fgp-Xp-Ibpw {]N-cn- n- p-ibpw snbvxp-sim- n-cn- p- p. _p n-bp- -h s ms AXv a\- n-em-hp- p-ap- v. tni- q auehn ]d-bm-dp- -Xp-t]mse Ipd-s ms _p n-]-c-amb XymKw snøm Xøm-dp- -h v am{xta \a-kvim-c-øn-sebpw _m n-sebpw tnem-i Ω-Øn-sebpw A]-I-S-ßƒ a\- n-em- m\pw Dƒs m- m\pw Ign-bq! AXn\v Xøm-d-s - n \Ωp-sSbpw \ΩpsS Ip n-ifp-ssbpw ka-bhpw kºøpw enwkm-{k-n Ω-hpsams A\m-h-iyambn \jvs-s - p-simt bncn- pw...! 51

kp- Ømb F m Bcm-[-\-Ifpw Jp B hncp w tnem-i Ωw A\n- m-aniw F -Xns G hpw i -amb Hcp Jp -B-\nI sxfn-hv...! imjm-]-c-amb Imcy-ß-fn t]mepw (kp- -Ømb Imcy-ßfn t]m-epw) lzo-kp-iƒ {]am-w-am- m- ]msn F v hnip Jp B : klo-lp _pjm-cn-bn-sebpw ap o-an-sebpw Ipsd hrøn-si I lzokp-iƒ \mw I p. hnip Jp B-\ns hnizo-i-cww F t]cn lzokp {KŸ-ßƒ cnn- -s - Xv \_nsb Hcp Ima-{`m- -\mbn Nn{Xo-I-cn- p-i, \_nsb amcww _m[n- -h\mbn Nn{Xo-I-cn- p-i, \_nsb Hcp hj-f\pw {Iqc-\pambn Nn{Xo-I-cn- p-i, BZ-c-Wo-b-s\ pw temim-\p-{k-ln-sb pw Jp B hmgvønb \ΩpsS \_nsb \ΩpsS \_n-bpss hy n- XzsØ Icn-hmcntØbv p-i, hnip Jp B {]m[m\yw \ Inb-Xns\ A{]-[m-\-ambn Nn{Xo-I-cn- p-i, C m-ans ad-hn Atd- _y \S-]Sn{Ia-ßfpw ]mc-ºcy acym-z-ifpw Atd-_y kwkvimc-ßfpw Nn m-k-xn-ifpw kwc- n- p-i, C mw axsø Hcp "\akvimc {]ÿm-\-am n' temi-p-\-x- n-s-bn Ah-X-cn- n- pi. Jp B\pw \_nbpw ]Tn- n- -Xn-t\- mƒ {]m[m\yw l n\pw a m \K-cn pw \ In temi P\-Xsb a -bntebv v BI jn v Ad- 52 _n-iƒ v kmº-øni t\ ap m- p-i, Jp B ]Tn- n sim psim p acym-z-ifpw Imcy-ßfpw hfsc {]m[m\yw \ In ]Tn- n- p-i. \_n-bp-ssbpw A_q-_- Da, Dkvam Aen XpSßn-b-h-cp-sSbpw bym Ncn{Xw ]qgvønshbv p-i, Ahsc hjf am\pw {Iqc- mcpw \_n-hn-tcm-[n-i-fpw a p-ambn Nn{Xo-I-cn- p-i. AXp-hgn bym C m-an-s\bpw C m-ani Ncn-{X-sØbpw A na-dn- pi F o e y-ßƒ ap n I p-sim- m-bn-cp- p. "klo-lp _pjm-cn-'bn-sebpw "ap o-'an-sebpw hj-f lzokp-i-fn-eqss IS- p-t]m-b-t mƒ \mw t\cn I hkvxp-x-ifmwnsx- mw. kzbw kwkm-cn- p- B lzo-kp-iƒ hy -am- p- Xv B hj-f lzo-kp-i-sfm pw \_n-bpss lzo-kp-if F pw AsXm pw hnip Jp -Bs hni-zo-i-c-w- -ß-f F p-amwv. F m klo-lp JpJm-cn, ap ow XpS-ßnb I lzo-kp-iƒ Ie H lzokv {KŸßfpw ap ow-iƒ {]am-w-am- m ]msn-, F v hnip Jp -B sim v ka n- p-i-bmw-v tni- q auehn snbvx G hpw al-ømb Hcp Im-cyw. as mcp hn[-øn ]d- m H mw {]am-wamb Jp -B sim v c mw {]-am-wamb lzo-kp-iƒ F N p-n-h-dp-isf C m-xm- p-i-bmwv tni- q auehn snbvx al-ømb as mcp tkh-\w...! AsX- msw p a\- n-em- p-i...!! \_n Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ac-w-tøm-sp-iqsn C m-an-\-isø I]-S- m kpo-h-am-ip-ibpw C m-ani temiøv hºn Ipg- -ßƒ Bcw-`n- p-ibpw snbvxp-h-t m. \_n-bpss acww Ign v kpam 20 h jw Ign- -t m-tg pw \_n ]Tn- n \a-kvimcas- -ap ]e I Ω- -]- -Xn-Ifpw IWn-i-ambn \n Δ- 53

ln- m t]mepw Hcp hn`mkw C mø hn[w \_n-bpss A\p-bmbn-Iƒ ]c-kv]cw XΩn X n On -`n- -amipibpw \_n sim ph C mw axw (im- n-am - w) F m sszhni ax-ßƒ pw kw`hn- -Xp-t]mse Hcp A\m-Nmc {]ÿm-\-ambn A[x-]-Xn- p-ibpw snbvxp-sh- p-amwv Atd-_y Ncn{Xw ]-d-bp- Xv. lzokv {KŸß-fn t]mepw B Ncn{X hkvxpx kω-xn- n- p- v. Jp B\ns GXm\pw ssisb-gpøv {]Xn-Iƒ `{-Z-ambn Nne \m p-cm-pm- - m-cpssbpw \ hcmb Nne kp n inb ]WvUn-X- m-cn-eq-ssbpw Atd- _y-bnepw CXc tzi-ß-fnepw FØn-bn-cp- p. Jp -B-\ns ASnÿm-\-Øn \_n Xncp-ta\n hf Ønsb-SpØ B sndnb Atd- _y kaqlw ]c-kv]cw ISn- p-iodn On -`n- -amb tij-amwv ap ow-i-fpss c -I-\mbpw kp n hn`m-k-øns t\xm-hmbpw h apb-hnb Atd-_y-bpsS cmpm-hm-b-xv. ap-b-hnb F k-a - \mb B PqX cmpmhv B kμ `w icn pw {]tb-p-\-s -Sp-Øn. AXn-\mbn Xs Iq p-im-c\pw as mcp PqX ]ptcm-ln-x-\p-amb A_qlp-ssddsb a sø Camam- p-ibpw snbvxp F Xpw \mw I p. l-zo-kp-iƒ F m "\_n-bpss hn\w' "\_n-bpss Ncy' Fs m-s -bmwv \mw a\- n-em- nb A w. F m \_nbpss hn-\-ß-fmwv F p-d- p- -Xn\p ]pdsa \_n-bpss t]cn {]N-cn- n- -s hm Ø-Iƒ pw l-zo-kp-iƒ F v ]dbmw F mwv kp n ]WvUn-X- m ]t Xocp-am-\n Xv. kxyhpw Ak-Xyhpsams Iq n- -e Øm ]mi-øn-ep CØcw a \n Δ-N-\-ß-sfms lzo-kp-i-fn-eqss C m-ani temitø v IS-Øn-hn- Xv A_p-lq-ssd-d-bpw apb-hn-bbpas- -ap 54 BZy-Ime- kp n-i-fm-bn-cp- p F mwv tni- q aue-hn-bpss Is -Ø. B Jp -B hncp Nn m-k-xn-isf At±lw Jp - B sim v Xs XI p-ibpw ip o-i-cn- p-ibpw snbvxp F - XmWv Gsd {it -b-amb Hcp hkvxp-x. lzo-kp-isf (hm Ø-I-sf) AXp \_n-bpss lzo-kp-i-fmbmepw BcpsS t]cn {]N-cn- n- -s hm Ø-I-fm-bn-cp- m-epw \membn Xcw Xncn mw F v hnip Jp -B sim v At±lw ka n- p- p. C av- AYhm Dd- mb kxyw tihew _p n D]-tbm-Kn pw ]t -{μn-b-ß-fp-]-tbm-kn pw Dd- n- m\pw hnizkn- m\pw Ign-bp Imcy-Øn-\mWv "C av' F p ]d-bp- -Xv. \ΩpsS thz-{k-ÿ-amb hnip Jp -B-\ns\ "C av' Dd mb kxyw AYhm A m-lp-hn- \n p hy -amb m\w F A -Øn-emWv Zi- - W- n\v ÿe-ß-fn Jp -B-\n-eqsS A mlp Xs \ap v ]cn- N-b-s -Sp-Øp- -Xv. f v: AYhm Dul-ßƒ sxfn-hp-i-fn- msx kpam-dm-bn v hnizkn- p- -Xn-\mWv "f v' F v Jp -B ]d-bp- -Xv. Dul-ß-fn-e- [n-ihpw snip-øm-s -Xm-sW pw Dulß-fn-sem pw ]n ]- -cpsx pw Jp -B CS- nss DW Øp- p- v. i v: AYhm kwi-b-k-xn-bn-ep Xv. hniz-kn- m ] nb bmsxmcp sxfn-hp-i-fp-an- msx kwi-b-k-xn-bn-ep Atßm pw Ctßm pw BSn- -fn- p Bi-b-Øn-\mWv "i v' F p ]d-bp- -Xv. 55

C^vXn-dm-Av:- a\x-]q Δw si n-bp- m n ]d-bp Ak-Xy- Øn-\mWv "C^vØn-dm-Av' AYhm "si p-i-y-iƒ' F v ]d-bp- -Xv. ta -d \mse-æ-øn C av A mø Dd- mb kxy-a- mø a v aq v Xcw hm Ø-I-sfbpw Dul-ß-fm-bmepw kwi-b-ß-fmbmepw si p-i-y-i-fm-bmepw Ah aq n-s\bpw "IZn_v' AYhm "] - w' F C\-Øn-emWv Jp B Dƒs -Sp-Øn-bn- p- sx pw AsXm pw Jp B\nI ZrjvSym ax-øn {]am-w-am- m ]msn m F p-amwv Jp B-\ns ASn-ÿm-\-Øn "A_q-lp-ssddbpsS X\n \ndw' F {KŸ-Øn auehn ka n- -Xv. H p IqSn hy -am n ]d- m "_pjmcn' "ap ow' XpS-ßnb lzokp {KŸ-ßƒ ]cn-tim-[n- m GXp lzokv {KŸ-ßƒ ]cn-tim- [n- mepw AXn 50 ix-am-\hpw (anavcdmpv t]mep ) si p-i- Y-I-fm-sW p ImWmw. _m n-bp- -Xn 20 ix-am\w Dul-ßfpw (f- v), 20 ix-am\w kwib KXn-bn-ep (i v) lzo-kn-i-fm-sw pw ImWmw. kp n-ifpw appm-ln- -Zp-Ifpw PamAØp-Ifpw ]cs kω- Xn- p Hcp hkvxp-x-bm-wn-xv. Npcp n d- m _pjm-cn-bn-ep lzo-kp-i-fn 10 ix-am\w am{xsa hnip Jp B-\n-ep- Bib-ß-fp-ambn tbmpn- p- p- q. B \ lzo-knse XXz-ßƒ AXnepw at\m-l-c-ambn Jp -B-\n-eqsS A mlp Xs ]Tn- n p- p- pxm-\pw. AXp-sIm- mwv Jp -B-\neqsS sxfn-bn m ] mø GsX- nepw Hcp C mw ax \nbaw lzo-kp-sim v sxfnbn mtam F AXn i n-a-ømb Hcp tnmzyw auehn tni- q Xs {KŸ-ß-fn CS- nss Bh Øn- m Imc-Ww. aue-hn-bpss 56 B tnmzy-ßƒ Fs pw {]-kivx-am-sw v Jp -B\pw lzokpw ]Tn- -h s ms t_m[y-am-hp-ibpw snøp- p- v. lzo-kp-isf samø-øn Jp Bs ASn-ÿm-\-Øn \membn-xcw Xncn- m-sa pw AXn aq p Xchpw ax-hn-j-bøn ap ow- Iƒ ]n ]- m ]msn-s pw, lzo-kp-i-fn "C ap'- Xp am{xsa (hm Ø-I-fn Dd- Xpw hnizm-k-tbm-ky-amb sx-fn-hp- Xpw am{xsa) ap ow-iƒ ]n ]- m ]msp p F pw Jp -B sim p ka n- p-i-bmwv auehn tni- q snbvx-xv. C a- m-ø- bmsxm pw Dd pw hnizm-k-tbm-ky-hp-a- mø bmsxm pw hnizmk-tbm-ky-am-b sxfn-hn- mø bmsxm pw Jp -B-\n-en- mø bmsxm pw C m-an {]am-w-am- m ap ow-iƒ p-]m-sn F Jp -B-\nse G hpw ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-hpw, hnπ-hmfl-i-hp-amb B alm-kn- m- w auehn tni- q Jp -B sim v ka n- p- Xv {i n- p-i. "\n\ v C an- mø Dd pw hnizm-khpw C mø bmsxmcp Imcyhpw \n ]n ]- -cp-xv. \ns tiƒhnbpw ImgvNbpw lrz-bhpw F mw tnmzyw snø-s -Sp-I-Xs snøpw. (17:36) am{x-a ax-]-c-a mø Imcy-ßƒ Jp -B-\n C m-øxpw \_n-xn-cp-ta\n ]Tn- n- n- n- m-ø-xp-amb Imcy-ßƒ AXp kp - Ømb Hcp Imcy-am-sW- n t]mepw A m-lp-hns t]cn As - n \_n-bpss t]cn si n- -d-bp-ibpw AXp-{]-N-cn- n- p-ibpw snøp- Xv in n-t\m-s-spø Hcp alm-]m-]-am-sw- v, 7 mw A ymbw 33 mw hn-\-øn Jp -B hy -am- p- p. (7:33). hnip Jp - 57

Bs al-ømb B `mkw \mw {i n p ]Tn-t - n-bn-cn- p- p. lzo-kp-iƒ F -t]-cn Hcp c mw {]amww hfsc -km Δ-{Xn-Iam-bXv \_n-bpss acww Ign p kpam Ccp-]Xv h jw Ign- m-sw pw "apbhnb'-bpss cmp-`-c-w-im-e-ømwv B Zpc w kw`hn- Xv F pw Ncn-{X-Øns ]n _-e-tøm-sp-iqsn, Jp -B sim v ka n- p-i-bm-wt m auehn tni- q snbvx-xv. B lzo-kp-i-fmwv kpam Ccp-\qdv sim w Ign- -t mƒ, djy-bnse _pjm-d-bn \n pw h _pjmcn {KŸ-cq-]-Øn-em- n-b-xv... B lzo-kp-i-fn 90 ix-am-\hpw C a-s pw (AYhm B lzo-kp- I-fn 90 ix-am-\hpw hnizm-k-tbm-ky-amb sxfn-hp-i-fp- -X-s pw AXp-sIm- p-xs B lzo-kp-i-sf mw "IZn_v' AYhm ] I w (A-s - n Plvev Adn-b-s -Sm-Ø-Xv) F C\-ßfn s]sp- -Xm-sW pw ka n- p-i-bmwv auehn tni- q snbvx-xv. F m C a- mø H lzo-kp-ifpw si p-i-y-ifpw Dul-ßfpw kwi-b-k-xn-bp-ep- -Xpamb, lzo-kp-iƒ ap ow-iƒ {]- am-wam m ]msn F v Jp -B ]Tn- n- -t mƒ, Dul-ß-fpsS C\-Øn s]sp-øm-hp I lzo-kp-iƒ t]mepw {]N-cn- n- msa pw AXv {]am-w-am- m-sa- p-amwv Alvep lzo-kp-im \nba-am- n-b-xv. Alvep lzo-kp-im-cpss B hmz-søbmwv Jp -B sim v auehn tni- q XI ØXv. tni- q aue-hn-bpss {it b-amb B hmz-k-xn-iƒ {i n- p-i...! C m-anse F m \nb-a-ßsfbpw kp n-iƒ samø-øn ASnÿm-\-]-c-sa pw imjm-]-csa pw c mbn XcwXncn- mdp v. AXn ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-amb (Dkq-en s] ) Imcy-ß-fmWv GIssZ-h- hnizmkw (Xu-lo-Zv) Cuam Imcy-ßƒ, C mw Imcy-ßƒ, PnlmZv, k m-øv, Icm ]me\w XpS-ßnb I Ω ] -Xn-Ifpw A mlp ap ow-i-fpss ta \nb-a-am- nb \a-kvimcw t\m-ºv, l v, XpS-ßnb Bcm-[-\-ap-d-Ifpw. Dkq-en s] (ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-amb) Cu Imcy-ßƒ IqSmsX imj-]-c-amb Nne Imcy-ßfpw (^pdp-cø-øn s] AYhm, kp -Øm-b) Nne-Im-cy-ßfpw C m-an D v. DZm-l-c-W-ambn \ ` -W-km-[-\-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn- p- Xpw, kz Æw, sh n, taøcw IpXn-c-Iƒ, XpS-ßnb Ae- mc hkvxp- ƒ D]-tbm-Kn- p- Xpw kp Øp t\mºp-iƒ, kp Øp l p- Iƒ, kp Øp \a-kvim-c-ßƒ XpS-ßnb A\p-jvTn- p- Xpw tnem- I Ωw snøp- Xpw kp n-iƒ- p-t]mepw tihew imjm-]-chpw sf-oni-hp-amb Imcy-ß-fm-Wv. Dd- n- m-ø- bm-sxm pw C m-an \nb-atam {]am-wtam B m ]msn F 108 BbØpIƒ sim v ÿm]n-x-amb C m-ans G hpw ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-amb Hcp kn m w C m-ans ASn-ÿm-\- kn m- -ßƒ p-am-{xta _m[-i-ap p F pw, C m-anse imjm-]-c-amb Imcy-ß-fn (kp- -Ømb Imcyß-fn ) kpam hnizm-khpw, Dul-ß-fp-amb lzo-kp-isfbpw ]n ] mw F p-amwv apbhn-b Ime-L w apx Ctßm- p kp Øp PamØp ]fin-x am \nb-a-am- n-b-xv. ImcWw Jp - B-\n C mø Ipsd Atd-_y BNm-c-ß-fpw A\p-jvTm-\-ßfpw Nn m-k-xn-ifpw C m-an-te-bv p IpØn- -b- m\pw, B A\pjvTm\- ßƒ v "\_n-bpss lzo-kp-iƒ' (\-_n-bpss Ncy-Iƒ) F ]Zhn \ In, C m-ani temiøv kzoim-cy-x- e-`n- m\pw km[m-c-w- mcmb A sø ap ow-i-sf-s m- -Xw-Ko-I-cn- n- epw Zp hym-jym\w 58 59

snøepw apb-hn-b-bp-ssbpw A_q-lp-ssd-d-bp-sSbpw Bh-iy-am-bncp- p. am{x-a-, Jp -B-\n C mø A p-t\c \a-kvim-cw, A p t\csø _m p-hn-fn, Jp -B hncp- -amb Bao ]db, Jp -B-\n C m-øxpw PqX-]m-c-º-cy-hp-amb tnem-i Ωw F n-h-sb mw Xs `c-w-øns BZy-L- -Øn (B-ZysØ 4 h jw) tihew kp -Øp-I-fm-bn p am{x-amwv apb-hnb {]Ncn- n- Xv. ]n o-sxv {ItaW Hcp \n - -amb (^ fm-b) Imcyam- m-\pw, ]n osxv Hcp X_venKv {]h Ø-\-Øn-eqsS temiw apgp-h ]c-øm-\p-ap apb-hn-b-bpss "D n-en-cn v' A[n-Iam pw Adn- p-iq-smbncp- p...! a -bnepw azo-\-bnepw tihew Hcp h j-tømfw \_n `c-wm-[n-im-cnbpw axm- y- - \p-ambn ]nsn- p-\n- -t mƒ, \_n-bpss i{xp-hmb apb-hn-b v bmsxmcp FXn p-i-fp-an- m-sx, "\_n-bpss {]ÿm-\-øn ambw tn pi' F H - e- y-tømss, kpam Ccp-]Xv h jtømfw "C m-ani `cww' F hymtp\ `cn- m Ign p F Xpw kmμ `n-i-ambn \mw Hm p-i...! Jp -B efnxamsw pw kv]jvs-am-sw pw Jp -B Bh Øn- mh Øn p ]d- -t mƒ Jp -B efn-x-a-s pw, Jp -B-\ns A w B pw a\- n-em-in-s pw Jp -B Zpcq-l-am-sW pw Jp -B Ad_n `mj-bn \n pw as mcp `mj-bn-tebv pw ]cn- `m-j-sn-øm ]msn-s pw Aap- ow-iƒ Jp -B sxmsm ]msns pw A_q-lp-ssd-dbpw apbhn-bbpw ]s \nb-a-am- n-bxpw \mfn-xp-hsc kp Øp Pam-AØp ]fin-x- m AtX- p-]m-sn-bxpw Ah \S-Ønb A n-a-dn-iƒ ]qgvøn-sh-bv m-\m-bn-cp- p-sh pw 60 kmμ `ni-ambn \mw Hm p-i. ax-]-c-amb Imcy-ß-fn C mw-a-x-øns GXp taje-bnepw AXp ASn-ÿm-\]c-am-h-s, imjm]-c-am-h-s (^ fm-is, kp- - Øm-h-s ) hm Ø-Iƒ AYhm lzo-kp-iƒ kzoi-cn- p-tºmƒ AXp Dd pw hnizm-k-hp-ap XmhWw F p Jp -B\pw apl-ω-zv -\-_nbpw ]Tn- n- -t mƒ hnizm-k-tbm-ky-amb sxfnhv ax-øns ASn-ÿm-\- X-Xz-ßƒ pw I Ω-]- -Xn-Iƒ pw am{xsa _m[-i-ap q F pw imjm-]-c-amb Imcy-ß-fn (kp Øp ka-kvim-c-ßƒ, kp Øp t\mºp-iƒ, kp Øp l p-iƒ, tnem-i Ωw, ] p-h-kv{x-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn-, kz Æw D]-tbm-Kn- F n-h-bn ) kpam hnizmk-ßfpw Dul-ßfpw ]n ] mw F p-amwv Jp -B-\n v FXn-cmbn kp n ]fin-x-am \nb-a-am- n-b-xv. C mw axsø BsI A n-adn- Xpw hnip Jp -B F sszhni-{k-ÿ-w ]mss Ah-K-Wn- -s -Sm Imc-W-am-b-Xpw, "kp Øp Pam-AØv' F Jp -B hncp lzokv kwl-s-\-bpss D `-h-øn\pw A p-x-i-c-amb hf pw \mμn-ip-dn- -Xp-amb B kp n kn m- -amwv tni- q auehn Xs h j-ßƒ \o p-\n Kth-jW k]-cy-bn-eqss (Jp - B sim v) XI Øp-I-f- -Xv. Jp -B-\nse B `mkw {]txyiw {i n p-i. kz Æw ldm-am-sw v Jp -B-\n Fhn-sS-bp-an-. F m ap ow ]pcp-j- m kz Æw D]-tbm-Kn- p- Xv ldm-am-sw p hnizkn- p- -h-cmwv Atd-_y kp n-iƒ. (kp n appm-lnzv Pam- A-Øp- au-e-hn-am C pw Aßns\ ]Tn- n- p- p- v.) e - W- n\v hne-]n-sn- p dnãv hm p-ifpw BVw-_c Imdp-Ifpw D]- 61

tbm-kn- p- Xv ldm-am-sw v kp n-iƒ ]d-bmdn-. ImcWw kz Æw ldm-am-sw PqX \n ΩnX I lzotk Ah I n- p- q. kz Æw, sh n, taøcw IpXn-c-Iƒ XpS-ßn-b-h-sb mw Ae- m-c-h-kvxp- -fm-bn- mwv Jp -B ]cn-n-b-s -Sp-Øp -Xv. Aan-X-a- mø coxn-bn F m \ hkvxp- fpw D]tbmKn- m-sa pw Jp - B DW Øp- p- v. am{x-a-. a\p-jy p th n `qan-bn \n pw A mlp D m-zn- n- p-sim- p-h-cp Ae- m-c-h-kvxp- ƒ ldmam- nb B B{Ian BcmWv F mwv Jp -B tnmzn- -Xv. \_n- Xn-cp-ta\n Jp -B BZy-ambn ]Tn- n- p- Xpw {]N-cn- n- p- Xpw bmsxmcp ax-hp-an- mø Ad-_n-I-fp-sSbpw, ax-øn A n-adn \SØn A\m-Nm-c-ßƒ IpØn-\n-d Bcm-[-\m {`m - m F v Jp - B A[n-t -]n Atd-_y PqX- m- n-s-bntebv pam-wt m... kz Æw, ] v XpS-ßnb Ae- mc hkvxp- ƒ ldm-am-sw v hnizkn- p PqX- mcpw bym-ÿni IrkvXym-\n-Ifpw A meøv [mcmf-ap- m-bn-cp- p. C pw kz Æw ldm-am-sw v hniz-kn- p PqX- -Ir-kvXy kv{xoiƒ hsc-bp- v. (kz Æw D]-tbm-Kn- mø PqX IrkvXy kv{xoiƒ hsc-bp- v). kz Æw ldm-am-sw v ax \nba-ap- m n Xudm-Øn ssii-s-ønb B PqX- m-sc-bmwv Jp - B A[nx-t -]n- -Xv. AYhm kz Æw sh n, ] v XpS-ßnb Ae- mc hkvxp- ƒ ldm-am-sw v Hcp A m-lphpw ]d- n ns pw Aßns\ ]d-bemwv A mlp ldm-am- n-bn- p- -sx pw ]Tn- n- p-i-bmwv kqd-øp AAvdm^n (A- ymbw A AAvdm^v 7: 31 ) A mlp snbvx-xv. Jp -B-\nse B {]kivx `mkw hni-z-ambn {i n- p-i. (7:31, 32, 33 F o hn-\- 62 ßƒ {i n- p-i.) "Jp a l da ko\-ø- m-ln...'f p XpS-ßp- B `mkw {i n- p-i. "BZw k -Xn-I-sf... F m Bcm-[-\m-e-b-ß-fnepw AYhm F m Bcm-[\m thf-i-fnepw \nßƒ Ae- m-c-ap hkv{xw [cn- p-sim- p-i. \nßƒ \ Blmc ]Zm ßƒ Xn p-ibpw IpSn- p-ibpw snøp-i. F m \nßƒ Zp hybw snø-cp-xv. Zp hybw snøp- -hsc A mlp CjvSs -Sp-Itb C. (\-_nsb Xm ƒ) ]dbp-i. A mlp Ahs Zmk am p-th n Cu ({]]- -Øn \n pw) D ]m-zn- n- p-sim- p-h- n p Ae- mc hkvxp- fpw hninjvs-amb Blmc ]Zm -ßfpw \njn- -am- n-bxv Bcm-Wv, ]d-bp- I. Ah Cu sflni Pohn-X-Øn kxy-hn-izm-kn-iƒ v Ah-Imi-s - -Xm-Wv. Db sø-gp-t ns \mfn Ah v am{x-ap- - Xp-am-Wv. a\- n-em- p- -h v th n A{]-Imcw \mw Jp -B-\neqsS sxfn-hp-iƒ hni-zo-i-cn- p- p. (\_nsb) ]d-bp-i. cl-kyhpw ]c-ky-hp-amb F m \on-hr- Øn-Ifpw Ip -I-c-am-sW v t_m[y-s F m Imcy-ßfpw A\ymb-amb F m-hn[ ssii-s-ø-ep-ifpw A m-lp-hn-t\msv as m- ns\ ] p-tn epw A m-lp-hps t]cn A m-lp-hns ax-øn \nßƒ v Dd- n- mø Fs mcp Imcyhpw ]d- p- m- epamwv (ASn-ÿm\ ]c-ambn A mlp ldm-am- n-b-xv.) 7: 31, 32, 33. A - AAv-dm^v. A m-lp-hns t]cn sszh-øns t]cn hnizm-k-tbm- Ky-amb bmsxmcp sxfn-hp-an- msx ax \nb-a-ßƒ si n-bp- m- 63

in v t]mse-xs Hcp alm A]-cm-[-am-sW v A i - n- Sbn- mø hn[w hy -am- p-i-bmwv ta kq- -Øn A mlp snbvxn-cn- p- -Xv. \ \ ` -W-]-Zm -ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn- epw kz Æw sh n, ] piƒ XpS-ßnb Ae- mc hkvxp- ƒ D]-tbm- Kn- epw ax-ønse imj-]-c-amb Hcp Imcy-am-sW v (kp- -ØmsW- v) kω-xn- møh kp n-iƒ n-s-bn t]mepw D m-ipsa v txm p- n-. At mƒ kz Æw, sh n XpSßnb Ae- mc hkvxp- ƒ A mlp ldm-am- n-bn- n F pw F m bmsxmcp sxfn-hp-an- msx "A mlphpw dkqepw AsXms ldm-am- n-bn-cn- p p' F p I lzo-kp- m n AXv ax-\n-b-a-am n {]Ncn- n- -emwv A mlp ldm-am- n-bxv F pw hy -am- p-i-bmwv ta kq- -Øn A mlp snbvxo- p- -Xv. as mcp hn[-øn ]d- m Jp -B-\n-eqsS A mlp ldm-am- mø kz Æw, sh n XpS-ßnb Ae- mc hkvxp- ƒ ap ow-iƒ v ldm-am-sw v ]db in v t]mse-øs Hcp h Ip -am-sw v Jp -B hy - am n F v ka n- pi-bmwv ta kq w sim v auehn tni- q snbvx-xv. kz w ho n-te-bv v Ib-dp-tºmƒ ap hmxn-eqss Xs IS- - Ww. "Xe Np n aq v ]nsn- -cp-xv', AYhm Imcy-ßƒ hf-s m-sn v ]d- v {]iv\-ßfpw {]bm-k-ßfpw D m- -cp-xv. \mw as m-cp-fpss apdn-bn-tebv v IS- p-tºmƒ Hcp \ acym-zbpw kwkvi-mchpw F \nebv v Ah-tcmSv kemw ]d-b-ww, As - n IXn-In ap n \ΩpsS km n yw Adn-bn- p-ibpw Ah-cpsS kωxw tnmzn- p- I-bpw snøww Fs ms Jp -B ]Tn- n- p- p. AtX t]mse 64 amxm-]n-xm- -tfmsv kwkm-cn- p-tºmƒ Ahsc shdp- n- -cp-sx pw Ah-tcmSv Ib -cp-sx pw Ah-tcm-Sp kwkm-c-øn "s ' F pt]m-epw ]d-b-cp-sx- p-w Jp -B ]Tn- n- p- p. hfsc \n m-c-ambn \ap v txm m-hp {]my-ani acym-z-iƒ t]mepw hn p-t]m-imsx Jp -B ]Tn- n- p- p v F v kmcw. as mcp hn[-øn ]d- m ax-]-c-amb Imcy-ßƒ Jp -B-\n-epsS hnh-cn- p-x-cp- - -Xn A m-lpthm dkqtem bmsxmcp hogvnbpw hcp-øn-bn- n F Jp -B-\ns Bh Øn- p {]Jym-]\w 100 ix-am\w icn-bmsw v kmcw. Jp -B-\n-eqsS A mlp lem-em- nb A\p-h-Zn- p-x Ae mc hkvxp- ƒ bmsxmcp {]am-w-hp-an- msx I l-zo-kp- m n ld-am-am-sw p ]d-b in v snøp- -Xp-t]mse simsnb ]m]- -amsw v Hcp h Ip -am-sw v Jp -B Ak- n- KvZ-ambn {]Jym-]n p F v kmcw. AXp-t]mse Jp -B-\n C m- ØXpw \_n-xn-cp-ta\n ]Tn- n- n- n- m-ø-xp-amb kp Øp \akvim-c-ßƒ, kp Øv t\mºp-iƒ, kp Øv l p-iƒ, XmSn, sxm n, Jp -B-\n ]d- n- n- møxpw \_n-xn-cp-ta\n ]Tn- n- n- n- m-ø-xpw apb-hn-bbpw A_qlp-ssddbpw Ccp-]Xv h jwsim v ]Sp-Øp-b Øn-b-Xp-amb 30 sx p-i-fp 5 t\c\akvimcw, 10 sx p-i-fp Jp -B hncp- hpw \_n- Xn-cp-ta-\n ti n- pt]mepan- m-ø-xp-amb kp n- -inb _m p-hnfn, Jp -Bt\m \_ntbm ]Tn- n- mø tnem-i Ωw F A{Iaw, l nse It dv, l nse I p-s]-dp- epw I v Npw_n- epw, Jp -Bt\m apl-ωzv \_ntbm ]Tn- n- mø Bao ]d-b, \a-kvim-cm-\- -c-ap Iq {]m \ F nh I lzo-kp-i-fpss ASn-ÿm- 65

\-Øn C mw axambn {]N-cn- n- epw AX-\p-jvTn- epw Jp - B-\n-I ZrjvSym G hpw henb in mwv F v kmcw. GsXmcp ap o-s\bpw Aº-cn- n- p- Xpw A p-x-s -Sp-Øm t]m -Xpamb hnπ-hm-fl-i-amb Hcp Jp B\nI kn m- -amwv "A_qlpssd-d-bpsS X\n-\ndw' F {KŸ-Øn auehn tni- q ka n- -Xv. ax-an- mø imkv{xw aps- \pw imkv{x-an- mø axw A - hp-am-sw- v sf Ão Hcn- ]d-bp-i-bp- m-bn. imkv{x-øns `mkøv \n v t\m n-bm- aps- - mcpw ax-øns `mk-øp-\n p t\m n-bm A - m-cp-am-wv Cu tnem-i Ω-hm-Zn-Iƒ F v \ap v a\- n-em-ipw. tnem I Ωw snøp ap ow ]pcp-j- m pw kv{xoiƒ pw Kply-ÿm-\-ß-fnepw K `m-i-b-ß-fnepw hcp Iym k t]mep alm-hym-[n-iƒ Ipd-hm-sW v Nne A`n-{]mb-s -Sp- p. AsXmcp kxy-hp-am-wv. tnem I Ωw snøp PqX ]pc-j- -m-cn enwkm-{k-n Ω-Øn hcp Iym k Hcp ix-am\w t]mepw ImWp- n F v kmcw. F m B Ah-bhw hrønbn sim p \S- p a p ax- m n-s-bnepw enwk-øn\pw K `m-i-b- Øn\psam-s -bp Iym k ImWp- n F dnbp-i. At mƒ hrøn-tbmss \S- pi F -XmWv Imcyw. hrøn-bp- -h-scbpw {]mb- nøw snøp- -h-tcbpw sszhw CjvS-s -Sp p F Jp -B hn\w {i n- p-i(2:222). Znhkw 5 t\chpw 8 t\chpsams aq{xn- p-ibpw AXp-I-gn- m sh w sim p Igp-IWw F v \n _- -ap- -h-cp-amwv ap ow-iƒ. At mƒ enwkw hrøn-bm-hm-xn-cn- pi F Ahÿ hcm ap ow ]pcp-j- m v bmsxmcp km[y-x-bpw ImWp- n-. ]ns 10 e -Øn Hcp Aap- o-an\v Ah Ipfn- 66 m-sx, hrøn-bm- m-sx, IpØ-gn p \S p F -Xns t]cn Ahs enwk-øn\v Iym k- h p F p-]-d v As - n hcm km[y-x-bp v F p ]d v ap ow-iƒ F m-hcpw tnem-i ΩsØ t{]m m-ln- n- p- Xv A]-lm-ky-am-Wv. {]txy-in pw Jp -B\pw \_nbpw ]Tn- n- mø Hc-\m-Nm-c-Øns t]cn...! Fensb t]sn v C w NpSp- -Xp-t]m-se-bm-W-Xv. hrøn-bn- msx hy`n-nm-chpw I p- Ip-Snbp-ambn IpØ-gn p Pohn- p- -h v tnem-i Ωw snbvxmepw ap oambmepw AØcw amdm-hym-[n-ifpw ssewkni tcmk-ßfpw Iym kdpsams hcpw. tnem-i Ω-Ønse imkv{xhpw ]msn \S v kp n-i-sfbpw appm-ln-zp-i-sfbpw PamA- Øp-I-sfbpw ] n- p tumivs am CtXm p- -Xv \ -Xm-Wv. AXn-\m A mlp \ Inb G hpw D Ir-jvS-amb ico-c- Ønse, G hpw {][m-\-s Hc-h-b-h-Øn-s enwk-øns A{Kw tozn- p-sim- \mw ` n ImWn-t - -Xv. C\n P\n- m t]mip \ΩpsS Ip n-i-tfm-ss nepw \mw B {Iqc-IrXyw Im m-xn-cn- p-i. am{x-a-, kv{xo pw ]pcp-j\pw Hcp-t]mse kv] i\ kpjw \ Ip Imtam-±o-]-I-amb (Highly Erogenous) Hcp `mk-amwv B sxmen-sb v Hcp ]msv tumivs amcpw ssewkni imkv{x-hn- -Kcpw A`n-{]m-b-s -Sp- p. Pohn-X-Øn Hcn- epw _ncn-bmwn Xn m-øh-t\msv _ncn-bm-wn-bpss ckw ]d- n v Imcy-an- -t m...! \Ωp-sS ico-c-øn IpS-ep-am-bn _ -s v A nivkv Fs mcp `mkap v. AXn\v Nne-t mƒ AWp-_m-[bpw ho hpw Hs D m-bm "A Un-ssk- nkv' F tcmk-øn\v Imc-W-am- Ip- p. Cu tcmkw aq n- m AXn ITn-\-amb hb-dp-th-z-\bpw ]\nbpw XpS v ac-whpw kw`-hn- mw. AØcw L -ß-fn ASn- 67

b- nc imkv{x-{inb hgn A UnIvkv F `mkw \o n If-bmdp- v. ]X-n\m-bn-c-Øn As - n Hcp e -Øn Hcmƒ v Cßs\ "A Un-ssk- nkpw' thz-\bpw ac-whpw kw`-hn- mw- F- -Xp-sIm v F m-hcpw sn v "A Un-skIv an' F Hm td-j aptj\ "A UnIvkv' FSpØpIf-bm-dn-. Bh-iy-amb L -ß-fn DNn-X-amb NnIn \ Imw F p-am-{xw. IpS-ep-ambn _ -s - p-im-wp B A UnIvkv F `mkw Hc-\m-h-iy-amsW v BZy-Im-e-ß-fn tumivs am ]d- n-cp- p. F m a\pjys tcmk-{]-xn-tcm[ i n-bn AXn\v A{]-[m-\-a- mø Hcp ] p-s - v Ct mƒ ]d-b-s -Sp- p. "C se snbvtxm-c-_ w aqv n- søbmnm-camhmw \mfsø imkv{x-a-xm-hmw- -A-Xn aqfm-bv-i-k-ωxw...' AtX-t]mse e -Øn As - n 10 e -Øn Hcmƒ v Ipfn- msx, hrøn-bn- m-sx hy`n-nmc-hpw, I p-ip-snbpw {]IrXn hncp \S-]-Sn-I-fp-ambn \S v enwk- Øn\pw K `-]m-{x-øn\pw tbm\o \mf-øn\pw a pw Iym k h p F v ]d v t]sn- n v apkveow ]pcp-j- msc apgp-h AUzm kmbn tnem-i Ωw \SØn A]q Æ-cm- p- Xv Jp - B hncp- hpw C mw hncp- hpw a\p-jy-xz-c-ln-xhpw anx-amb `mj-bn ]d- m XnI sxωm-sn-ø-hp-amwv. \ΩpsSsbms enwkm{k N Ωhpw sim v "A_q-lp-ssd-d-Iƒ' t]mbn. \ΩpsS Ip n-isf n-epw B {Iqc-IrXy-Øn \n v c s -Ss. \_ntbm a w ^Ø-ln Iq w Iq -ambn C m-an-tebv v h ]pxp-hn-izm-kn-itfm 4 Jeo^-amtcm \_n-bpss t]c- p- n- Ifm-bn-cp lk, lpss F n-htcm B tnem-i Ωw Hcp 68 axm-nmcw F \nebv v snbvxxn\v bmsxmcp sxfn-hp-an-. F n-cns C mw ax-øn tncp-tºm-tgbv pw ]n p-ip- n-iƒ P\n p hogp-tºm-tgbv pw Ah-cpsS enwkm-{k-n Ωw AdpØpam p- Xv {Iqc-X-b-t...? aq{x-x-s w, \nc- -c-amb AWp-_m[ XpS-ßnb L -ß-fn B sxmen A w Iodnapdn- p-itbm tnem-i Ωw snøp-itbm snømw. Hcp NnIn- -bpss `mkw F \nebv v Jp - B-\nI ZrjvSym AXv sx p-a-. lnμp ktlm-z-c- mcpw IrkvXy k-tlm-z-c- mcpw Hcp NnIn F \nebv v Bh-iy-amb L -ßfn tnem-i Ωw snøm-dp- v. Jp -B-\ns ASn-ÿm-\-Øn A -c-m`ym-k-amwv H m-asø C mw Imcyw. A msx enwkw ap-dn v hni-emw-k-\m- -e-. hnzy-m`ymkan mø hnh-c-tzm-jn-i-tfmsv X n p kabw If-bmsX Ah-tcmSv "kemw' F v ]d v Hgn- p amdn-t m-cm-\mwv Jp -B ]Tn- n p- -Xv. ap oamim-\p BZysØ tbmkyx A -c-`ym-k-am-wv A msx enwkw apdn v hniemw-k-\m- e..!! AtX-k-abw Jp -B-\n-en mø Hcp \S-]-Sn-{Iaw C m-ans t]cn snøp- -Xv, Hcp h Ip hpw in n-t\m-s-spø ]m]hpam-wv. Jp -B\pw \_nbpw ]Tn- n Hcp ASn-ÿm\ kn m- -hpam-w-xv. C m-aniw F v ]d v \mw F v snøp-tºmgpw AXp Jp -B-\n ImW-Ww. AXp-sIm v Jp -Bt\m \_ntbm ]Tn- n- mø 5 t\csø ] n-bn t]mbp kwl-snx \a-kvimcw, ap Xv sx p-i-fp A p-t\c \a-kvimcw \_n ti n- n- m-øxpw Jp -B-\n\v LS-I-hn-cp- -hp-amb 7 sx p-i-fp Hcp _m p-hn-fn, kp Øv \a-kvim-c-ßƒ, kp Øv t\mºp-iƒ, kp Øv l piƒ, l nse It -dv, l nse I p-npw-_n-, Jp - B bmsxmcp {]m[m-\yhpw ]pwyhpw \ ImØ "kwkw 69

sh w' hn p-im-im-, \a-kvim-c-ønse AØ-ln-ømØv HmX, Jp -B\n C m-øxpw \_n Hcn t]mepw Hcp {]m -\m-sam-gn-bmbn ]Tn n- n- n- møxpamb Bao ]d-b \a-kvim-cm-\- -c-ap Iq {]m -\, J_ ]qp, Atd_y PqX-]m-c-º-cy-amb tnem-i Ωw XpS-ßnb A\mNmc-ßƒ C man-i-sa v ]d v \ne \n Øm hnip Jp -B-s\bpw \_nsbbpw kvt\ln- p bym ap ow-iƒ v ]msp- -X-. A mlp \ap v \ _p n \ I-s... A mlpωv lw... k Δ-temI c n-xm-hmb A m-lp-hn- lx-s - XmIp p k Δ-kvXp-Xnbpw... aq{xxs w, aq{xmib `mkßfnse \nc camb AWp_m[ (UTI-Urinary tract Infections), enwkm _p[w (Cancer of the Penis) sseknwi tcmkßƒ, Ballooning of the foreskin, Phimosis XpSßn tnemi Ωw aqew C mxmip tcmkßfmbn, tumivs amcpw, auehnamcpw AhImis Sp tcmkßƒ, enwkw hrønbn sim v \S p txmss (Znhkhpw 3 4 XhW IgpIp txmssbpw kzmnmc PohnXw \bn p XneqsSbpw) tnem-i Ωw snømsxxs ]q Æambn C mxm m Ignbpw F p tnemi ΩØns\Xnsc {]XnIcn p tumivs am A`n{]mbs Sp p...! hrønbn \S pi F XmWp Imcyw hrønbp hscbpw ] mø]n p htcbpw sszhw CjvSs Sp p F Jp B hn\w (2:222) {i n pi. 70 71

The End of Circumcision in America Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C) 2442 NW Market St., Suite 42 Seattle, Washington 98107-4137 U.S.A. George C. Denniston M.D., M.P.H. President Having to justify the Foreskin is like having to justify breast feeding! Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C) 1727-14 th Ave., Suite 18 Seattle, Washington 98122 Tel:225-383-8067 / Fax 225-381-8200 E-mail: inconbuster@earthlinknet Fear, pain,crippling, disfigurement and humiliation are the classic ways to break the human spirit. Circumcision includes them all. thz-\n- n- p-i, `b-s -Sp-Øp-I, aps- t\m Ai- t\m B p-i, AwK-ssh-Ieyw hcp-øp-i, hnir-x-am- pi, Aham-\n v ASn- n-cp-øpi XpS-ßnb am -ßƒ ] p-ap-xte a\p-jy-tn-x-\sb a-\p-jys C m-i- nsb XI mt\m Ipd- mt\m D]-tbm-Kn- n-cp am -ß-fm-Wv. tnem-i Ω-Øn- CsX mw AS-ßn-bn-cn- p- p-sh v tnem-i Ω-Øn-s\-Xnsc {]Xn-Icn- p tumivs am A`n-{]m-b-s -Sp- p. 72 73