Impact of system variables on balancing J. Frunt International Workshop on Exchange of Balancing Services, Market Design and Modeling October 28, 2010
Content Regelduurzaam project Effect of changing system parameters on balancing Effect of the programme time unit on balancing Conclusions / Electrical Energy Systems 11-11-2010 PAGE 1
EOS Regelduurzaam Project / Electrical Energy Systems 11-11-2010 PAGE 2
EOS Regelduurzaam project Cooperation between TU/e, TU Delft, APX, ECN, Kema, TenneT and GPX Subsidized by the Ministry of Economic Affairs, NL Duration 4 years, 13 man-years What agreements and regulations are required to guarantee the security of supply with the lowest costs and lowest environmental impact without having accurate insight in the expected generation and load on a central level? In this system, participators make their own decisions about the required available balancing capacity. / Electrical Energy Systems 11-11-2010 PAGE 3
Changing conditions Increase of distributed generation Restructured electricity markets Decrease of inertia in the system Increase of trading options No central organization can know all details of all consumers and producers / Electrical Energy Systems 11-11-2010 PAGE 4
Changing system parameters / Electrical Energy Systems 11-11-2010 PAGE 5
Power balance and frequency <50 Hz / Electrical Energy Systems 11-11-2010 PAGE 6
Power system model / Electrical Energy Systems 11-11-2010 PAGE 7
Model verification ENTSO-E frequency measurements 1500 MW disturbances Modeled and measured responses correspond Frequency [Hz] Frequency [Hz] 50.02 50 49.98 49.96 49.94 50.02 50 49.98 49.96 49.94 Simulation Data Measurement Data 0 100 200 300 400 500 Time [s] Simulation Data Measurement Data 49.92-600 -400-200 0 200 400 Time [s] / Electrical Energy Systems 11-11-2010 PAGE 8
Frequency response 50.1 50.05 50 Frequency response with different controllers No Control Self-Regulating Load (SRL) SRL & Primary Control (PC) SRL & PC & Secondary Control Frequency [Hz] 49.95 49.9 49.85 49.8 49.75 49.7-100 0 100 200 300 400 500 Time [s] / Electrical Energy Systems 11-11-2010 PAGE 9
Grid inertia Tue 2007-08-07 Frankrijk Civaux1 1475 MW om 23h00 20 Thu 2007-08-16 Frankrijk Civaux1 1427 MW om 15h38-10 Sun 2007-08-26 Frankrijk Civaux1 1484 MW om 23h01 5 0 frequency deviation [mhz] 10 0-10 -20-30 frequency deviation [mhz] -20-30 -40-50 frequency deviation [mhz] -5-10 -15-20 -25-30 -35 3000 rpm -40-60 -40 23.016 23.018 23.02 23.022 time [h] 15.638 15.64 15.642 15.644 time [h] 23.002 23.004 23.006 23.008 23.01 23.012 time [h] Fri 2007-12-07 Frankrijk Penly2 1215 MW om 11h55 Tue 2007-12-11 Frankrijk Civaux2 1454 MW om 10h39 Sun 2007-12-30 Frankrijk Cattenom4 1295 MW om 03h0 20m frequency deviation [mhz] 20 15 10 5 0-5 -10-15 -20-25 -30 11.884 11.885 11.886 11.887 11.888 11.889 time [h] frequency deviation [mhz] 10 0-10 -20-30 -40 10.636 10.638 10.64 10.642 10.644 10.646 time [h] frequency deviation [mhz] 50 40 30 20 10 0 3.002 3.003 3.004 3.005 3.006 3.007 3.008 time [h] 1m J = 2,5. 10 8 kgm 2 λ=15000 30000 MW/Hz / Electrical Energy Systems 11-11-2010 PAGE 10
Changing system parameters Increasing grid size Larger inertia Increase of DG Decrease inertia Decrease of primary control More fluctuations in generation DC interconnections Decrease SRL Loads via PE Decrease of inertia Decrease of SRL / name of department 11-11-2010 PAGE 11
Unpredictability and uncontrollability of DG 1.0 Wind production System production 0.8 Normalized power 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 72 Time [h] / Electrical Energy Systems 11-11-2010 PAGE 12
Variation in wind energy Power deviation [% of P nom ] 100 80 60 40 20 0-20 -40-60 Wind power confidence intervals 50% 90% 99% 100% -80-100 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 Time Lag [min] / Electrical Energy Systems 11-11-2010 PAGE 13
Changes in the power system secondary primary inertia / Electrical Energy Systems 11-11-2010 PAGE 14
Programme time unit / Electrical Energy Systems 11-11-2010 PAGE 15
Balancing Market Area 1 Δ 1 P L BRP 1 P 1 TSO Δ i Δ n P L BRP n P i P n + + + P tie Market Area n + + + P imb GRID F / Electrical Energy Systems 11-11-2010 PAGE 16
Definition of a PTU / Electrical Energy Systems 11-11-2010 PAGE 17
Current PTU lengths in Europe 15 minutes 30 minutes 60 minutes / Electrical Energy Systems 11-11-2010 PAGE 18
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Three types of imbalance Imbalance within PTU TSO Imbalance over PTU BRP Imbalance between PTUs TSO E [Wh/ptu] E [Wh/ptu] E [Wh/ptu] Time [ptu] Time [ptu] Time [ptu] / Electrical Energy Systems 11-11-2010 PAGE 21
Methodology 1. Load signal 2. Prediction of load signal via persistence: MAE = 2% Power [MW] 5 x 104 4.5 4 3.5 Load L(t) Required Schedule R(t) Predicted load L pred (t) Production Schedule S(t) 3. Xborder exchange for 1 year 4. Define schedules for given PTU length 5. Define imbalance 6. Distinguish types of imbalance Power [MW] 4000 2000-2000 3 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 Time [PTU] 0 Imbalance within PTU ACE(t) Imbalance over PTU I(t) -4000 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 Time [PTU] / Electrical Energy Systems 11-11-2010 PAGE 22
Effect PTU length on imbalance Energy [% of yearly consumption] Energy [% of yearly consumption] 30 20 10 0 0.03 0.02 0.01 0 Imbalance within PTU TSO Imbalance over PTU BRP 8s 15s 32s 1m 2m 5m 10m 15m 30m 1h 2h 8h 12h 1d 2d 1w 2w 4w 13w 26w 1y 2y PTU length Imbalance between PTUs TSO 8s 15s 32s 1m 2m 5m 10m 15m 30m 1h 2h 8h 12h 1d 2d 1w 2w 4w 13w 26w 1y 2y PTU length / Electrical Energy Systems 11-11-2010 PAGE 23
Conclusions Changes in system parameters have an effect on system balancing Three types of imbalance can be distinguished A shorter PTU gives more responsibility to the BRPs while a longer PTU gives more responsibility to the TSO / Electrical Energy Systems 11-11-2010 PAGE 24
Questions? 11-11-2010 PAGE 25