Henning Sten Hansen, Line Hvingel & Lise Schrøder (AAU) Jesper Høi Skovdal (Geoforum Denmark)
Presentation overview Background Nordic surveys The way forward Concluding remarks
Transforming government and society Benefits/Costs E-Democracy Political Leap Culture Leap Technology jump Technology jump Interaction Web presence Transformation Transaction Transforming government service Automating existing process Five-stage model of e-government (Siau & Long, 2005) Time/Complexity/Integration
E-readiness / digital economy E-readiness is a measure of the quality of a country s ICT infrastructure and the ability of its consumers, businesses and governments to use ICT to their benefit
ICT to boost competitiveness and wellbeing The Global InformationTechnology Report 2014 (World Economic Forum, 2014) The Networked Readiness Index (NRI), part of the 2014 Global Information Technology Report: The Risks and Rewards of Big Data, published today, ranks 148 countries for the quality of their digital infrastructure and ability to use ICTs to generate economic growth, foster innovation and improve the well-being of their citizens.
ICT to boost competitiveness and wellbeing Finland (1) Technology savvy society : - outstanding digital infrastructure perhaps the best in the world (referring to GITR) - 90% of its population using the internet, high levels of innovation, - reaping the rewards of investing heavily in ICT after a crisis in the mid-1990s Sweden (3) Innovation eco-system : - world-class yet affordable digital infrastructure and stable pro-business environment, despite high tax rates. - outstanding use of ICTs by individuals, businesses and government - one of the highest innovation performances in the world - a truly knowledge-based society Norway (5) highly networked : - well-developed and affordable ICT infrastructure - Digital uptake is almost universal among Norway s population: 95% are internet users and more than 90% have home access to a personal computer and internet - a stable pro-business and pro-innovation environment - a government aware of the importance of connectivity for the economic and social development of a geographically vast nation with a widely dispersed population. (World Economic Forum, 2014)
SDI and the digital society Dynamics Access Network People Policies Data Standards Spatial Data Infrastructure (Rajabifard et al, 2002)
Spatial enablement The term 'spatially enabled society' attempts to describe an emerging cultural and governancerevolution: pervasive spatial information technologies and spatially equipped citizens are changing the way economies, people, and environments are managed and organized. Economic wealth, social stability and environmental protection can be facilitated through the development of spatial information products and services created by all levels of society including governments, the business sector, and citizens Spatially Enabled Society by Enemark and Rajabifard (2011)
Nordic GIS-readiness surveys ULI has made surveys n Sweden for more than 10 years the latest in 2013 GI Norden wanted to have similar surveyes in all Nordic countries Denmark 2009 and 2014 Finland 2010 and one forthcoming Norge and Iceland are still missing
Increasing use of GIS 43 % of the organisations are usign mobile GIS (ULI, 2013) Swedish surveys 2003, 2007 and 2013
Public organisations using GIS (ULI, 2013) According to the 2013 swedish survey it is almost 90 % - and in the Danish 93 %
New ways of working with GIS 43 % of the organisations in Sweden are using mobile GIS (ULI, 2013) In Denmark the number is 68 % of the organisations in Sweden are using mobile GIS
SDI Strategies Denmark Sweden Finland Hansen et al (2010) http://icaci.org/files/documents/ ICC_proceedings/ICC2009/html/ nonref/3_25.pdf http://www.gsdidocs.org/gsdiconf/ GSDI-9/slides/TS61.5.pdf
Use of geographical information Danmark Sverige Finland Production, mapping 10 % 15 % 19 % Development, research, teaching 9 % 2 % 7 % Simple use 58 % 58 % 26 % Advanced use 12 % 11 % 12 % Support, management 6 % 7 % 14 % Other 4 % 7 % 22 % Mostly geografisk information retrieval and simple standard analysis (2008-2010 surveys) In Denmark the 2014 picture is almost similar
From Data to People Dynamics People Access Network Policies 2002 Data Standards 2014
From PSI and INSPIRE directives to smart government The PSI Directive was implemented in July 2005 aiming at regulating and stimulating PSI Originally the idea was to make all PSI available for re-use Pressures from some member states lowered the ambitions to just encouraging freeing public sector information A key objective of the INSPIRE Directive is to make more and better spatial information available for Community policy-making A fundamental principle is that spatial data needed for good governance should be available on conditions that are not restricting its extensive use
Open Government data OGD principles DK FIN IS NL UK ES Data must be complete Data must be primary Data must be timely Data must be accessible Data must be machine processable Access must be non-discriminatory Data formats must be non-proprietary Data must be license free On going research
To be continued The present survey provides an updated image of status and challenges in relation to the use of spatial information, the construction of the common infrastructure for spatial information, and the work related to the further development of the foundation for the digital administration. One of the thought-provoking trends is that INSPIRE seems to be discussed less in the organisations. On the other hand, there is no doubt that standards continue to be considered of great significance, not at least in relation to metadata, data quality and data specifications, just as spatial data are clearly being communicated more and more.
SDI Research Group Aalborg University Henning Sten Hansen, Bent Hulegaard Jensen Line Hvingel & Lise Schrøder Geoforum Denmark Jesper Høi Skovdal Thank you for your attention Mail: lisesch@plan.aau.dk