EUROPEAN CENTER FOR SCIENCE ARTS AND CULTURE (ECSAC) OF LOŠINJ WORKSHOP ON STATUS AND FUTURE OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY IN THE PERI-ADRIATIC AREA DCE14095 ECSAC VELI LOŠINJ CROATIA 25-27 AUGUST 2014 GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR CHARACTERISATION AND MANAGEMENT Miklos ANTICS & Pierre UNGEMACH m.antics@geoproduction.fr GPC INSTRUMENTATION PROCESS (GPC IP) PN2 BUSINESS PARK BAT 4A 165 RUE DE LA BELLE ETOILE BP55030 95946 ROISSY CDG France Phone: +33 (0)1 48 63 08 08 Fax: +33 (0)1 48 63 08 89 Mobile: +33 (0)6 28 62 29 17
OUTLOOK OUTLINE CONCEPTUAL MODELLING EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICS STRUCTURAL GEOMODELLING RESERVOIR ASSESSMENT RESERVOIR SIMULATION SUSTAINABLE RESERVOIR/ RESOURCE MANAGEMENT DCE14095 ECSAC 2
OUTLOOK PURE WATER PHASE DIAGRAM DCE14095 ECSAC 3
OUTLOOK PRESSURE-ENTHALPY (MOLLIER) DIAGRAM FOR PURE WATER A: maximum enthalpy (2803 kj/kg, 240 C, 33.47 bar) C: critical point (374.1 C, 224. 91 bar) DCE14095 ECSAC 4
GEOTHERMAL CONTINUUM THE EGS ISSUE DCE14095 ECSAC 5
OUTLOOK GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE & RESERVE ASSESSMENTS DCE14095 ECSAC 6
OUTLOOK Surface/Subsurface Exploration (Geology, geophysics, geochemistry) FROM EXPLORATION TO PRODUCTION Development Drilling Well Drilling/ Completion Exploration Drilling Well Tests Well Performance Assessment A RESERVOIR ENGINEERING CHAIN Lithology Structure Geochemistry Tracer Tests Early Reservoir Assessment Conceptual Modelling Material Balance Heat Extraction Reservoir Simulation Resource/ Reservoir Assessment Power Generation CHP/ORC Direct Uses Shallow Heat Pumps Reservoir Production Management Makeup Wells EGS Water Injection DCE14095 ECSAC 7
RESERVOIR ENGINEERING AN INTEGRATED APPROACH DCE14095 ECSAC 8
CONCEPTUAL MODEL VOLCANO-TECTONIC ENVIRONMENT INDONESIAN SUBDUCTION Caldera setting Fumaroles and faults intersections Dual reservoir evidence DCE14095 ECSAC 9
Well temperature profiles CONCEPTUAL MODELLING EXPLORATION/DEVELOPMENT STATUS NISYROS(DODECANESE) Well Name N-1 N-2 Year completed 1982 1983 Total depth (m) 1,816 1,547 Productive interval (s) (m) 360-695 1,000-1,547 1,420-1,816 BHT ( C) 350 350 WHT ( C) n.a. 178 WHP (bars) n.a. 7.6 Total flow (t/h) 13 (*) 69 Steam water ration 0.8 (*) 0.5 Specific enthalpy (kj/kg) 2,350 (*) 1,520 Non condensable gascontent (% wt) n.a. 5 TDS (ppm) 150,000 (*) 60,000 (*) superficial reservoir Exploratory well well summary sheet sheet Total well deliverability=4mwe DCE14095 ECSAC Hytrothermal conceptual model 10
CONCEPTUAL MODELLING TWO CONTRASTED SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENTS Paris Basin Dogger limestones West Netherland Basin Rijswijk sandstones (modified from Ph Maget, 1983) Carbonate (Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, TNO) Clastic DCE14095 ECSAC 11
CONCEPTUAL MODELLING CONTINENTAL RIFT ACTIVE TECTONICS UPPER RHINE GRABEN Deep Drilling locations Source: Thomas KOHL, 2014 Source: CGA institute DCE14095 ECSAC 12
EXPLORATION/DEVELOPMENT STATUS MILOS (CYCLADES) Well name MZ1 MA1 MI-1 MI-2 MI-3 Year completed 1975 1976 1981 1981 1982 Total depth (m) 1100 1165 1100 1380 1000 Productive interval (m) 810-1100 750-1165 900-1100 940-1380 900-1000 BHT ( C) 300 250 323 282 300 BHP (MPa) n.a. n.a. 11.7 11.9 n.a. WHP (MPa) 0.6 0.74 1.2 1.2 n.a. Total flow (t/h) 22 51 120 50 125 Steam / water ratio (1 MPa) 0.64 0.22 0.35 0.71 0.42 Specific enthalpy (kj/kg) 2010 1170 1460 2200 1600 TDS (ppm) 100,000 100,000 120,000 140,000 130,000 Milos exploratory/step out well summary sheet Milos exploratory/step out well summary sheet DCE14095 ECSAC SW-NE cross section of Milos geothermics 13
EXPLORATION SOUTHERN GERMANY MOLASSE BASIN. MALM RESERVOIR. SEISMIC ATTRIBUTES Upper Jurassic morphology from 3D seismic survey Migrated seismic depth section Fault graben structure evidenced by migrated depthsection Source: H. Von Hartmann et al, 2012 DCE14095 ECSAC 14
EXPLORATION SOUTHERN GERMANY MOLASSE BASIN SEISMIC (RE)PROCESSING MALM Reef facies VSP (raw, processed) on well GT1 (Geophone depth # 2000-2500 m) offset (#4000 m) Reprocessed 2D seismic line location of wells GT1 & GT2 Zero offset and reprocessed 2D line match DCE14095 ECSAC 15
EXPLORATION PANNONIAN BASIN COMBINED WELL GEOLOGY/SEISMIC (2D PROFILES, VSP)/MT PROCESSING Re-interpreted seismic section Geological cross section and AMT/MT inversion data Source: Tulinius et al, 2010 DCE14095 ECSAC 16
3D STRUCTURAL MODELLING PERMO TRIASTIC RESERVOIR DCE14095 ECSAC 17
3D STRUCTURAL GEOMODELLING 3D REGIONAL GEOLOGICAL MODEL Borehole data: logs and lithostratigraphic columns Seismic data SOUTHERN NETHERLAND CLASTICS Interpolated data extracted from existing databases and geological atlases Source: TNO DCE14095 ECSAC 18
MOLASSE BASIN. MALM RESERVOIR 3D SEISMIC PROCESSING. RESERVOIR TARGETING DCE14095 ECSAC Source: Knapek, D-GEO-DAYS, PARIS 2014 19
RESERVOIR ASSESSMENT WELL TARGETING FAULT BLOCK STRUCTUAL SETTING Source: Dernières Nouvelles d Alsace (DNA, 2013) adapted from FONROCHE interview DCE14095 ECSAC 20
RESERVOIR ASSESSMENT WELL TARGETING MULTI HORIZON CONCEPT Source: BESTEC DCE14095 ECSAC 21
RESERVOIR ASSESSMENT MULTILAYERED RESERVOIR TENTATIVE FACIES CORRELATIONS Source: Rojas et al DCE14095 ECSAC 22
RESERVOIR ASSESSMENT LAYERING IMPACT. CANDIDATE RESERVOIR STRUCTURES DEPTH DEPTH CR CR CR 40% 1 34.5% 1 15% 2 1 23.5% 3 10% 2 4% 4% 4 2 30.5% 3 13.5% 5 18% 4 5% 5 3 100 %FLOW 100 %FLOW BR BR BR 1. Production well Flowmeter logging 2. Injection well 3. Five layered reservoir 4. Sandwich reservoir 5. Single layer equivalent RESERVOIR CR CAPROCK IMPERVIOUS LAYER BR BEDROCK DCE14095 ECSAC 23
RESERVOIR ASSESSMENT LAYERING IMPACT. CANDIDATE RESERVOIR STRUCTURES. PRODUCTION WELL COOLING KINETICS Temperature depletion, C 0 Time, years 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Single layer equivalent reservoir 2D Reservoir Three layered model. Reservoir 1 (top) Three layered model. Reservoir 2 (int.) Three layered model. Reservoir 3 (bot) Sandwich Model. Top reservoir Sandwich Model. Bottom reservoir 14 DCE14095 ECSAC 24
RESERVOIR ASSESSMENT STRUCTURAL GEOMODELLING GOCAD 3D VIEW OF THE SANDWICH RESERVOIR EQUIVALENCE DCE14095 ECSAC 25
RESERVOIR SIMULATION MODELLING/ SIMULATION CHAIN DCE14095 ECSAC 26
RESERVOIR SIMULATION NATURAL STATE MODELLING FLOWCHART Source: Sanyal, 2002 DCE14095 ECSAC 27
RESERVOIR SIMULATION SIMULATION INPUT DATA GROUP Source: Pruess, 2002 DCE14095 ECSAC 28
RESERVOIR SIMULATION Couches imperméables T = 30 Dm T = 40 Dm T = 50 Dm T = 60 Dm T = 70 Dm 3D Transmissivity pattern T = 30 Dm T = 40 Dm T = 50 Dm T = 60 Dm T = 70 Dm Computed pressure/temperature field (refined grid) Horizontal Gridding Transmissivity distribution DCE14095 ECSAC 29
RESERVOIR SIMULATION SUSTAINEBLE MANAGEMENT SCENARIOS Pressure and temperature field Year 2045 Wells (450 m 3 /hr) Interferences with neighbouring doublets DCE14095 ECSAC 30
RESERVOIR DEVELOPMENT RISK ANALYSIS THE HIGH ENTHALPY CASE MINING RISK ASSESSMENT. GEOPOWER Qt, kg/s Well output curve 140 120 Well power output Formation temperature: 250 C Cold source (condenser) temperature: 50 C Condenser pressure: 0,120 bar Separator pressure (single stage flash): 10 bar Separator temp. (single stage flash): 180 C Mass flowrate @ 10 bar: 110 kg/s Power output @ 10 bar turbine inlet: #10MWe Full success: 10 MWe Total failure: 5 MWe 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 5 10 15 20 WHP, bar Well delivery curve DCE14095 ECSAC 31
Flowrate (m3/hr) RESERVOIR DEVELOPMENT RISK ANALYSIS THE MEDIUM ENTHALPY CASE 450 400 MINING RISK SUCCESS VS FAILURE CRITERIA (CHP PROJECT) 350 300 250 45 MW th FULL SUCCESS 200 TOTAL FAILURE 150 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200 205 210 215 220 Wellhead Temperature ( C) DCE14095 ECSAC 32
RESERVOIR DEVELOPMENT RISK TREE OF A TYPICAL GDH SYSTEM DCE14095 ECSAC 33
SUSTAINABILITY WATER INJECTION The Geysers field Cumulative Production and Injection (Division of Oil, Gas, and Geothermal Resources) Effect of SEGEP Injection on SE Geysers [Calpine and NCPA]. DCE14095 ECSAC 34
SUSTAINABILITY GDH DOUBLET/TRIPLET COMPATIBILITIES PARIS SOUTH EXISTING AND PROJECTED GDH STATUS 3 abandoned doublets 14 serviced doublets 6 new doublets 3 triplet rehabilitated doublets DCE14095 ECSAC Source : BRGM 35
SUSTAINABILITY MULTI-DOUBLET EXPLOITATION (1984-2035) PARIS SOUTH. YEAR 2035 Source : Maria PAPACHRISTOU DCE14095 ECSAC 36
HYDRO/THERMO/GEOCHANICAL MODELLING EGS ENVIRONMENTS PROCESSES INVOLVED Source: Kohl, 2007 DCE14095 ECSAC 37
INDUCED SEISMICITY POST FRACTURING MAPPED EVENTS Field Monitored DCE14095 ECSAC Source: Baria et al, 2007 38
EGS INDUCED SEISMICITY COMPUTED POST FRACTURING SEISMIC EVENTS Computer Generated Source: Kohl, 2007 DCE14095 ECSAC 39
EGS undertakings hosted in seismically active tectonic environments A fatal issue during the build-up of any EGS reservoir A major contributor to fracture mapping and stimulated bulk-rock volume estimates A sensitive social acceptance issue: triggering of M=2.9 (Soultz) and 3.4 (Basel) seismic events leading to pressure mitigation (Soultz), flowrate limitations (Landau) and project abandonment (Basel) Requirements INDUCED SEISMICITY Remote well sites Thorough microseismic monitoring protocols Soft rock stimulation procedures Low injection pressures (multipath well trajectories) Interactive communication with the public DCE14095 ECSAC 40
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY: RENEWABLE-SUSTAINABLE-PROVEN-ACHIEVABLE-REALISTIC THANK YOU! MERCI! www.gpc-france.com DCE14095 ECSAC 41