Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography

Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography Series editors William Cartwright, Melbourne, Australia Georg Gartner, Wien, Austria Liqiu Meng, München, Germany Michael P. Peterson, Omaha, USA

About the Series The Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography series provides a contemporary view of current research and development in Geoinformation and Cartography, including GIS and Geographic Information Science. Publications with associated electronic media examine areas of development and current technology. Editors from multiple continents, in association with national and international organizations and societies bring together the most comprehensive forum for Geoinformation and Cartography. The scope of Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography spans the range of interdisciplinary topics in a variety of research and application fields. The type of material published traditionally includes: proceedings that are peer-reviewed and published in association with a conference; post-proceedings consisting of thoroughly revised final papers; and research monographs that may be based on individual research projects. The Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography series also includes various other publications, including: tutorials or collections of lectures for advanced courses; contemporary surveys that offer an objective summary of a current topic of interest; and emerging areas of research directed at a broad community of practitioners. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/7418

Igor Ivan Itzhak Benenson Bin Jiang Jiří Horák James Haworth Tomáš Inspektor Editors Geoinformatics for Intelligent Transportation January 27th 29th 2014 123

Editors Igor Ivan Institute of Geoinformatics VŠB Technical University of Ostrava Ostrava Czech Republic Itzhak Benenson Department of Geography Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel Bin Jiang Department of Technology and Built Environment University of Gävle Gävle Sweden Jiří Horák Institute of Geoinformatics VŠB Technical University of Ostrava Ostrava Czech Republic James Haworth SpaceTimeLab University College London London UK Tomáš Inspektor Institute of Geoinformatics VŠB Technical University of Ostrava Ostrava Czech Republic ISSN 1863-2246 ISSN 1863-2351 (electronic) Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography ISBN 978-3-319-11462-0 ISBN 978-3-319-11463-7 (ebook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-11463-7 Library of Congress Control Number: 2014956481 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Auspices AGILE Association of Geographic Information Laboratories for Europe EuroSDR European Spatial Data Research Organisation ITS&S Intelligent Transport Systems & Services CAGI Czech Association for Geoinformation SAGI Slovak Association for Geoinformatics Miroslav Novák, President of the Moravian-Silesian Region Ing. Petr Kajnar, Mayor of the City of Ostrava Prof. Ing. Ivo Vondrák, CSc., Rector of VŠB Technical University of Ostrava

Programme Committee Igor Ivan (VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, CZ)-Chairman Tao Cheng (University College London, GB) Hrvoje Gold (University of Zagreb, HR) Jiří Horák (VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, CZ) Marcel Horňák (Comenius University in Bratislava, SK) Pavel Hrubeš (Czech Technical University of Prague and ITS&S, CZ) Ľudmila Jánošíková (University of Žilina, SK) Bin Jiang (University of Gävle, SE) Dagmar Kusendová (Comenius University in Bratislava, SK) Miroslav Marada (Charles University in Prague, CZ) Harvey J. Miller (Ohio State University, US) Peter Nijkamp (VU University Amsterdam, NL) David O Sullivan (University of Auckland, NZ) Soora Rasouli (Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, NL) Martin Raubal (ETH Zurich, CH) Marcin Stępniak (Polish Academy of Sciences, PL) Zbigniew Taylor (Polish Academy of Sciences, PL) Harry J.P. Timmermans (Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, NL) Bert Van Wee (Delft University of Technology, NL) Stephan Winter (University of Melbourne, AU) Frank Witlox (Ghent University, BE) vii

Preface The title Geoinformatics for Intelligent Transportation defines the focus of the 11th Symposium GIS Ostrava 2014. Shorter or longer movements inevitably accompany everyday people s activities including commuting to work and school, shopping, leisure time, etc. Transportation developments have a significant impact on the evolution of human society. The demand for the fastest, cheapest, safest and ecologically friendly means of transport attracts professionals from various disciplines with one mutual goal, to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of transportation, and increase its intelligence. The impact of geoinformatics in the attainment of this goal is clearly evident. The aim of the conference is to present and discuss new methods, issues and challenges of the geoinformatics contributing to make transportation more intelligent, efficient and human friendly. More than 300 attendees from 11 countries discussed current research directions and applications of Geoinformatics, with the objective of intelligent transportation. The papers collected in these Proceedings cover a wide range of topics related to transportation and geoinformatics and are divided into four thematic groups, including: Transport modelling, Sensor data and services, Intelligent transport system, and finally Transport planning and accessibility. All papers underwent rigorous double-blind peer-review process of journal scientific standards. Acknowledgments The publication is supported by the project OP VK CZ.1.07/2.4.00/31.0162 Practical competence and professional qualifications improvement in the area of technical education, which is co-financed by the European Social Fund and the state budget of the Czech Republic. ix

x Preface Papers Selection Number of registered papers: 34 Number of papers published in the proceedings: 19 Home countries of the authors of the papers published in these proceedings are Belgium, Czech Republic, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia and United States of America.

Contents Investigation of Sonar Stabilisation Method for Improved Seafloor Image Quality... 1 Arūnas Andziulis, Tomas Lenkauskas, Tomas Eglynas, Miroslav Vozňák and Sergej Jakovlev Global Land Cover Classification Based on Microwave Polarization and Gradient Ratio (MPGR)... 17 Mukesh Boori and Ralph Ferraro Optimal Path Problem with Possibilistic Weights... 39 Jan Caha and Jiří Dvorský Optimal Placement of the Bike Rental Stations and Their Capacities in Olomouc... 51 Zdena Dobešová and Radek Hýbner Detecting Spatial and Temporal Route Information of GPS Traces... 61 Tao Feng and Harry J.P. Timmermans Impact of Particular Indicators of Urban Development of Cities in the Czech Republic on Average Road Traffic Intensity.... 77 Vladimír Holubec and Lena Halounová Time of Day Dependency of Public Transport Accessibility in the Czech Republic... 93 Jiří Horák, Igor Ivan and David Fojtík Automatic Generation of 3D Building Models from Point Clouds.... 109 Vojtěch Hron and Lena Halounová xi

xii Contents Towards a Solution for the Public Web-Based GIS Monitoring and Alerting System... 121 Jitka Hübnerová Demand and Supply of Transport Connections for Commuting in the Czech Republic... 137 Igor Ivan and Jiří Horák Train Platforming Problem... 149 Ľudmila Jánošíková and Michal Krempl Examples of the Implementation of Fuzzy Models in Tourism in the South Moravian Region... 161 Pavel Kolisko Photovoltaics as an Element of Intelligent Transport System Development... 187 Krystyna Kurowska, Hubert Kryszk and Ewa Kietlińska Urban Heartbeats (Daily Cycle of Public Transport Intensity)... 201 Ivica Paulovičová, Slavomír Ondoš, Lukáš Belušák and Dagmar Kusendová Improving Geolocation by Combining GPS with Image Analysis... 213 Fábio Pinho, Alexandre Carvalho and Rui Carreira The Impact of Data Aggregation on Potential Accessibility Values... 227 Marcin Stępniak and Piotr Rosik The Accuracy of Digital Models for Road Design... 241 Václav Šafář and Zdeněk Šmejkal GPS Data and Car Drivers Parking Search Behavior in the City of Turnhout, Belgium... 247 Peter van der Waerden, Harry Timmermans and Lies Van Hove Mobile Application for Acquiring Geodata on Public Transport Network... 257 Lenka Zajíčková Author Index... 271

Contributors Arūnas Andziulis Informatics Engineering Department, Klaipeda University, Klaipeda, Lithuania Lukáš Belušák Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Human Geography and Demography, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia Mukesh Boori National Research Council (NRC), College Park, USA; NOAA/ NESDIS/STAR/Satellite Climate Studies Branch and Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites (CICS), ESSIC, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA Jan Caha Faculty of Science, Department of Geoinformatics, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic Rui Carreira Departamento de Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal Alexandre Carvalho INESC Porto, Porto, Portugal Zdena Dobešová Department of Geoinformatics, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic Jiří Dvorský Faculty of Science, Department of Geoinformatics, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic Tomas Eglynas Informatics Engineering Department, Klaipeda University, Klaipeda, Lithuania Tao Feng Urban Planning Group, Department of the Built Environment, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands Ralph Ferraro NOAA/NESDIS/STAR/Satellite Climate Studies Branch and Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites (CICS), ESSIC, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA xiii

xiv Contributors David Fojtík Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Control Systems and Instrumentation, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic Lena Halounová Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Mapping and Cartography, Czech Technical University in Prague, Praha 6, Czech Republic; Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Geomatics, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague 6, Czech Republic Vladimír Holubec Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Mapping and Cartography, Czech Technical University in Prague, Praha 6, Czech Republic Jiří Horák Institute of Geoinformatics, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic Vojtěch Hron Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Geomatics, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague 6, Czech Republic Jitka Hübnerová Faculty of Mechatronics, Informatics and Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Novel Technologies and Applied Informatics, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic Radek Hýbner Department of Geoinformatics, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic Igor Ivan Institute of Geoinformatics, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic Sergej Jakovlev Informatics Engineering Department, Klaipeda University, Klaipeda, Lithuania Ľudmila Jánošíková Faculty of Management Science and Informatics, Department of Mathematical Methods and Operations Research, University of Žilina, Žilina, Slovak Republic Ewa Kietlińska IMAGIS S.A, Warsaw, Poland Pavel Kolisko Faculty of Science, Department of Geography, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Michal Krempl Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Transport, VŠB Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Poruba, Czech Republic Hubert Kryszk Faculty of Geodesy and Land Management, Department of Planning and Spatial Engineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland Krystyna Kurowska Faculty of Geodesy and Land Management, Department of Planning and Spatial Engineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland

Contributors xv Dagmar Kusendová Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Human Geography and Demography, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia Tomas Lenkauskas Informatics Engineering Department, Klaipeda University, Klaipeda, Lithuania Slavomír Ondoš Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Human Geography and Demography, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia Ivica Paulovičová Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Human Geography and Demography, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia Fábio Pinho Associação Fraunhofer Portugal Research, Porto, Portugal Piotr Rosik Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Warsaw, Poland Marcin Stępniak Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Warsaw, Poland Václav Šafář Výzkumný ústav geodetický, topografický a kartografický v.v.i., Zdiby, Czech Republic Zdeněk Šmejkal Znalecká a realitní kancelář - Ing. Zdeněk Šmejkal, Pardubice I, Czech Republic Harry J.P. Timmermans Urban Planning Group, Department of the Built Environment, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Urban Planning Group, Faculty of the Built Environment, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands Peter Van der Waerden Urban Planning Group, Faculty of the Built Environment, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands Lies Van Hove Transport Research Group, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium Miroslav Vozňák Telecommunications Department, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Poruba, Ostrava, Czech Republic Lenka Zajíčková Faculty of Science, Department of Geoinformatics, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic

Abbreviations A-GPS ALS AMSR-E API BBN BT CCI CIS JŘ CORS COSMOC CR CSP CTU CV DSM DTM EASE EDA EIA EOS GDDKiA GIS GPS GR GSD HDOP HOG HTTP HTTPS Assisted GPS Airborne Laser Scanning Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer Application Programming Interface Bayesian Belief Networks Brightness Temperatures Correctly Classified Instances National Information System on Timetables Cross-Origin Resource Sharing Czech Office of Survey, Mapping and Cadastre Czech Republic Concentrating Solar Power Czech Technical University Computer Vision Digital Surface Model Digital Terrain Model Equal Area Scalable Earth Event-Driven Architecture Environmental Impact Assessment Earth Observing Systém General Directorate of National Roads and Motorways Geographic Information Systems Global Positioning System Gradient Ratio Ground Sampling Distances Horizontal Dilution of Precision Histogram of Oriented Gradients Hypertext Transfer Protocol Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure xvii

xviii HTML ICI IDS IGBP ITS KIDSOK LAN LAU LiDAR MAUP MHP MLR MODIS MPGR NASA NDVI NSATS NSIDC NUTS ODBC ODM OGC PDOP POI PT RA RANSAC REST RMSE RMRC ROV RBWA SES SIRI SOAP SOS SPSS SQL SSM/I SURF TCP UV VDOP Abbreviations HyperText Markup Language Incorrectly Classified Instances Integrovaný dopravní systém (integrated transport systems) International Geosphere Biosphere Programme Intelligent Transport System Coordinator of the Integrated Transport System in the Olomouc Region Local Area Network Local Administrative Unit Light Detection and Ranging Modified Areal Unit Problem Multiple Hypothesis Probability Multiple Linear Regression Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro Radiometer Microwave Polarization and Gradient Ratio National Aeronautics and Space Administration Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Number of Satellites National Snow and Ice Data Center Nomenclature of Units for Territorial Statistics Open Database Connectivity Observations Data Model Open Geospatial Consortium Position Dilution of Precision Point of Interest Public Transport Rate of Accessible Municipalities RANdom SAmple Consensus Representational State Transfer Root-Mean-Square-Error Rate of Missing Return Connection Remotely Operated Underwater Vehicle Rate of Both-way Accessible Municipalities Sensor Event Service Service Interface for Real-time Information Simple Object Access Protocol Sensor Observation Service Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Structured Query Language Special Sensor Microwave/Imager Speeded-up Robust Features Transmission Control Protocol Unit Vehicle Vertical Dilution of Precision

Abbreviations xix WFS WIFI WMS XML XMPP ZABAGED Web Feature Services Wireless Fidelity Web Map Service Extensible Markup Language Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol Fundamental Base of Geographic Data of the Czech Republic