Hervé Dole introduction to the structured universe why is the night sky dark? 1. why galaxy formation is a problem? 2. how to adress these problems? 3. overview of observation facts 4. overview of structure and galaxy formation 5. introduction to statistical tools: towards the power spectrum 6. Institut d Astrophysique Spatiale, Orsay Université Paris-Sud 11 et CNRS Institut Universitaire de France http://www.ias.u-psud.fr/dole/m2.php Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer 1 2. why galaxy formation is a(n interesting) problem? exercices 3 and 4 Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer 3 1. why is the night sky dark? exercice 1 Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer 2 3. how to adress these problems?! 3.1 theory (lectures 5, 6, 7)! how the sctructures can grow in an expanding Universe?! example! 3.2 comparisons data vs models! example: CMB! example: statistical tools! observations Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer 4
3.1 need for theory Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer 5 3.2 from maps to cosmological parameters theory allow predictions and are compared to observations Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer 7 Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer 8 Ludwig+09 need for statistical tools Planck+13 F. Noel AAV 2010 Planck - thecmb.org 3.2 between last scattering surfaces Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer 6 From N. Bavouzet s PhD Thesis, http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00363975 ; from M. Langer & H. Dole NPAC lectures, c2008 -> see Michael s lectures for the demonstration growth of perturbations
3.3 history of the universe redshifts of interest: 1090 to 0 but more importantly 10 to 0?? Hu & White, 2004 structure formation, galaxy evolution Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer 9 4.2 extragalactic background light EBL (Extragalactic Background Light) tells us about the processes involved in galaxy formation & evolution (budget for radiation emission by nucleosynthesis & gravitation, presence of dust, ). All fundamental forces are at play. CIB (Cosmic Infrared Background) level and structure depend on history of energy production in the post-recombination Universe [Kashlinsky, 2005] Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer 11 4. overview of observation facts! 4.1 CMB Planck 15 mois Planck Collaboration, 2013 Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer 10 cosmological backgrounds Dole et al., 2006 ; Dole 2010 HDR Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer Dole & Béthermin in prep 12
4.3 overview of observation facts! spectrum of the CMB! large scale isotropy of the CMB temperature! small anisotropies of the CMB temperature and polarization! large-scale distribution of galaxies! correlations (e.g. BAO), redshifts, flux distribution etc..! galaxy clusters! SN! lensing on various tracors (CMB, clusters, galaxies)! quasars and absorption lines!... Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer 13 photometric survey APM, 1990 Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer 15 scales of mass, dimension, d contrast Mass in Solar masses Density contrast dρ/ρ" Yannick Mellier, IAP, 2002 Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer 14 photometric near-infrared survey: 2MASS Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer 16
2MASS + redshifts: structures Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer 17 spectroscopic surveys Peacock, 2002 Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer 19 spectroscopic surveys Peacock, 2002 Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer 18 spectroscopic surveys adapted from Springel, 2006, YM Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer 20
spectroscopic survey VVDS Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer 21 strong & weak lensing Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer 23 scales probed by SDSS SDSS: - 8000 Sq. Deg. - 215e6 objets - 1e6 spectres - 15Tb de données en ligne http://www.sdss.org/dr8 SDSS, D. Hogg Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer 22 weak lensing -> DM distribution Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer 24
simulations 100 h -1 Mpc z=6 z=2 V. Springel http://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/galform/data_vis/ z=0 Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer 25 matter power spectrum P(k) Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer 27 Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer 28! supernovae! background emissions! infrared & submillimeter! Lyman-a related sources! forest! emitters! break! ERO, LRGs! gamma ray bursts! Galaxy clusters! high-z galaxies! other statistical properties of galaxies! luminosity function, number counts, colors, n(z)! ellipticals vs disk galaxies: physics of cooling! Baryonic Acoustic Oscillations other facts and tracors Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer 26 V. Springel - Code: Hydra http://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/galform/data_vis/ simulations
Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer 31 Mo, van den Bosch, White sect 1.3 some timescales Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer 29 5. overview of structure and galaxy formation Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer 32 Mo, van den Bosch, White sect 1.3 some timescales Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer 30 Mo, van den Bosch, White fig 1.1 galaxy formation non-linear regime structure formation linear regime structure and galaxy formation
Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer 35 what is a power spectrum? 6. introduction to statistical tools: towards the power spectrum Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer 33 Padmanabhan, 1993, fig1.1 tcool=tgrav line GMmp/R: potential well tgrav = timescale for gravitational collapse tcool = cooling time mass-radius relationship mass-radius relationship Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer 36 Courtesy Marc-Antoine Miville-Deschênes Espace conjugué: fréquence temporelle Espace direct: time Fourier analysis Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer 34 Mo, van den Bosch, White fig 1.3 hierarchical formation
Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer 39 autosimilar form (fractal) Courtesy Marc-Antoine Miville-Deschênes n sine not centred Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer 37 2 sine centered Courtesy Marc-Antoine Miville-Deschênes 1 sine centered Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer 40 WMAP 1 yr Courtesy Marc-Antoine Miville-Deschênes n sine not centered Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer 38 n sinus décentrés Courtesy Marc-Antoine Miville-Deschênes n sinus centrés
multipoles applied to the CMB l=2 l=3 l=4 l=5 l=6 Ylm courtesy Benoit Mosser, LESIA Hinshaw et al., 2007, WMAP3 Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer 41