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Rvbv I `Lv [Knowing and Seeing] [kg_ I we`k b fvebvi c~y v½ MvBW]
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Rvbv I `Lv [Knowing and Seeing] [kg_ I we`k b fvebvi c~y v½ MvBW] cv-ak mqv` Abyev` : ÁvbkvšÍ wf z KíZiæ ivovgvwu 4500, evsjv `k Rvbv I `Lv 3
Rvbv I `Lv cv-ak mqv` Abyev` : ÁvbkvšÍ wfÿz MÖš ^Z : jlk cö_g cökvk : cšl 1420, ww m ^i 2013 cökvkk : KíZiæ, ivovgvwu 4500, evsjv `k cö Q` cwikíbv : f`ší KiæYvesk wfÿz kö v`vb : 125 UvKv Knowing and Seeing by Pa-Ak Sayadaw Translated by Gansanto Bhikkhu Published in Bangladesh by Kalpataru Rangamati 4500, Bangladesh e-mail : kbkalpatarubd@gmail.com Price : Taka 125 only 4 Rvbv I `Lv
cv-ak mqv `i Rxebx AvwPYœ f ší, mvaviyz hv K Ôcv-AK mqv`õ A_ev Ôcv-AK Zqv mqv`õ ejv nq, wzwb ez gv b gvqvbgv ii gb cö ` ki (Mon State) cv-ak ebwenv ii Aa Ges cöavb iæ Ô mqv`õ GKwU evwg R m vbm~pk Dcvwa, hvi A_ n Q ÔkÖ q wk KÕ mqv `i Rb 1934 mv j, gvqvbgv ii i½y bi cövq GKk gvbj DËi-cwð g wnb_` bv gi GKwU gd ^j kn ii jb- Pvs bv gi MÖv g 1944 mv j `k eqi eq m wzwb Zvi MÖv gi GKwU wenv i kövgy wn m e cöeªr v bb c ii GK `kk a i wzwb mvaviy co qv-kövgy wn m e Rxebhvcb K ib Ges wewfbœ iæi Aax b cvwj wîwcuk wk v K ib wzwb kögy _vkv Ae vq wzbwu cvwj fvlv cix vq cvm K ib 1954 mv j wek eqi eq m mqv` wf z wn m e Dcm ú`v jvf K ib 1956 mv j wzwb gh v`vm~pk a vpvwiqv cix vq cvm K ib GwU cvwj wk vq weg cv mi mggvb Ges G Z K i Zv K Ôag vpvh Õ LZv e f wlz Kiv nq ciez x AvU eqi a i wzwb a g i AbymÜv b mviv gvqvbgvi P l eovb Ges wewfbœ wel vz iæi Kv Q ag wk v K ib 1964 mv j Zvi `kg el vq wzwb Zvi fvebv PP vq Rvi `b Ges Ai Y cö ek K ib cvwj wîwcuk m ^ Ü cov kvbvi cvkvcvwk wzwb mb mgqkvi wel vz Ges m vwbz fvebv iæ `i KvQ _ K A bk g~j evb wb ` kbv Lyu R bb c ii lvj eqi a i wzwb Ai Y fvebv Kiv KB Zvi cöavb KvR Rvbv I `Lv 5
wn m e bb wzwb mb eqi jv KvwU qwq jb gvqvbgv ii `w Y As k, gb cö ` k (Mon State) GB mg q wzwb Lye mv`vwm a Rxebhvcb Ki Zb, cy iv mgquv fvebv I cvwjkv c o KvUv Zb 1981 mv j wzwb cv-ak ebwenv ii Aa A¹cT&Tv f šíi KvQ _ K GKwU evz v cvb mlvbkvi Aa gyg~l Ae vq Av Qb Ges AvwPYœ f ší K Zvi wenv ii `Lv kvbvi fvi wb Z e j Qb cuvp w`b c i A¹cT&Tv f ší gviv hvb wenv ii bzzb Aa wn m e AvwPYè f ší cwiwpz nb Ôcv-AK Zqv mqv`õ bv g hw`i wzwb wenvi cwipvjbvi KvR ZË veavb Ki Zb, Z e ewki fvm mgq KvUv Zb wbr b, wenv ii DË ii R½ ji As k GKwU euv ki ˆZwi KzwU ii g a 1983 mvj _ K wf z Ges M nx jvkrb Zvi Kv Q fvebv wkl Z Avm Z _v K we `wk fvebvkvixiv wenv i Avm Z ïiæ K i 1990 Gi ïiæi w` K mqv `i mybvg ax i ax i Qwo q co Z _v K Avi DËi wenv ii mb R½ j AvovB kõii ewk KzwUi M o I V GB AÂjwU Dc ii wenvi (Upper Monastery) wn m e cwiwpwz jvf K i mlv b cyiæl `i Rb `vzjv fvebv nj, GKwU jvb eªwi (mv _ Awdm, Kw úduvi iæg, Ges wb Pi Zjv jv Z cyiæl `i Wwg Uwi), GKwU wk wbk, GKwU nvmcvzvj, GKwU wcû`v bi nj, GKwU `vzjv fvrbkvjv, Ges GKwU Af _ bv K I mqv `i Rb GKwU evmfeb wbwg Z nq wb Pi wenv i (Lower Monastery) GKk AvwkwUiI ewk KzwUi Av Q, GKwU bzzb ivbœvni, Ges gwnjv `i Rb GKwU wzbzjv fvebv nj Ges GKwU cuvpzjv Wwg Uwi Av Q ˆÎgvwmK el vev mi mgq wenv ii gvu wf zi msl v M o Qq k _ K mvz k Rb _v K M nx fvebvkvix jvkrbmn gv S gv S Drm ei mgq wenv ii AvevwmK RbmsL v c bi k R bi E aÿ P j hvq 1997 mv j mqv` Zvi fvebv-c wzi we ÍvwiZ mewkqz K cuvp L Ði wekvj GKwU eb qi AvKv i cökvk K ib, bvg- h PP v wbe v Y cuš Q `q (The Practice that Leads to Nibbana), hlv b cy iv fvebvwk v c wzwu we ÍvwiZfv e e vl v Kiv n q Q Ges cvwjkv _ K cöpzi D wz `qv n q Q; Z e GwU ez gv b Kej evwg R I wmsnwjr fvlvq cviqv hv Q 1999 mv ji 4 Rvbyqvwi, mqv `i AR bi ^xk wz ^iƒc mikvi Zuv K A¹gnvK U&VvbvPvwiq Dcvwa Z f wlz K i 6 Rvbv I `Lv
Abyev` Ki K_v fvebv ev a vb wel q Avgvi AwfÁZv jv AvMÖnx mevi mv _ kqvi Kiv `ikvi e j g b K ib GB QvÆ jlv Avwg M nx Ae vqi Avbvcvb fvebv KiZvg Ava NÈv ev ZviI ewk mgq a i, hw`i Zv Lye AwbqwgZfv e `y qkw`b wbqwgz fvebv KiZvg, c i Avevi K qkw`b M vc n Zv cöeªr v wbjvg mviv w`b fvebv Ges Psµg Y KvUve Ggb mskí wb q Ava NÈv fvebv, Gici PsµgY, Avevi fvebv, Avevi PsµgY Gfv e hzÿy bv mü v nq mviv w`b a i, Kej LvIqv Ges cö qvrbxq KvR jv ev ` Gfv e GKvMÖ g b fvebv Ki Z wm q GKw`b nvvr Avgvi mvg b Kej cvwb G m nvwri n jv kvší cykz ii cvwbi g Zv wb Íi½ Ges w`mší-we Í Z Avgvi mvg b hb nvvr K i KvßvB jkwu f m DVj Avwg AvPgKv Ggb cvwb-wbwgë ` L wkqzuv nzeyw njvg QvU ejvq Avwg hlb fvebv KiZvg ZLb GKUz GKvMÖ gb n jb `LZvg, QvÆ cvnvwo Sibv _ K cvwb Mwo q co Q, A_ev QvÆ bywo cv_ ii duvk w` q e q P j Q cvnvwo b`x Avwg weïw gv M Avc K rmœ-fvebvq c owqjvg, cvwb hlb cöengvb wn m e `Lv hv e muv D MÖn-wbwgË, Avi kvší w i cvwb n j muv n e cöwzfvm-wbwgë Avwg h nzz kvší j Ki cvwbi g Zv Ggb wbwgë `Ljvg ZLb mb cvwb-wbwg Ë g bv hvm w`jvg, Ges Ôcvwb, cvwbõ e j g b g b Rc Ki Z jvmjvg Avwg mb cvwb K evov Z Kgv Z Póv Kijvg cö_ g B Qv Ki ji Rvbv I `Lv 7
IwU evoz-kgz bv c i PP v Ki Z Ki Z cvwbi evov-kgvuv Avgvi Avq Z P j G jv Avwg GLb B Qv Ki j dzi gv bi P ov ch ší cvwb K evov Z cvwi, A_ev B Q Ki j cvwb K Kwg q ïk bv LUL U f wg evbv Z cvwi Avwg Gfv e wbwgë wb q LjwQjvg Gfv e K qkw`b Mj Gic i Avwg Mvj cvwbi dvuv evbv Z PvBjvg cö_ g A bkevi e _ njvg k l KPzi cvzv _ K cvwbi dvuv Mwo q covi mgq Zv k~ b a i ivl Z mg_ njvg Gici GwU K eo- QvU Ki Z wkljvg Ggb Ki Z wm q Avwg Avwe vi Kijvg, PvL Lvjv i LI GLb mb cvwb-wbwgë w` q h Kv bv wkqz fwi q w` Z cvwi A_ vr ^vfvwek Ae vqi B Qv Ki j cvzvi Dci, Nv mi Dci, iæ gi g a BZ vw` h Kv bv RvqMv K cvwb w` q ZrÿYvr fwi q w` Z cvizvg wkš G Z mgm v `Lv w`j Avwg Nygv Z wm q PvL eü Ki jb cvwbi wbwgë fvmz Pv Li mvg b, hb Avgvi mvg b ay ay mvmi! ïay muv n ji mgm v n Zv bv e vcviuv hb Avgvi wbqš bi evb i P j h Z ïiæ Kij mb cvwb GLb Nvjv U I Mfxi Kv jv n Z ïiæ Kij wkqz A ^w ÍKi Aeqe `Lv w` Z ïiæ Kij mb cvwbi g a Avgvi g b fq Xz K Mj Nygv Z M jb mb cvwb, Avi cvwb Z mb wefxwlkv! AZGe iæi AvkÖq wb Z n jv Avgv K Avgvi cöeªr v iæ wq jb kö q köxgr KiæYvKxwZ wei wzwb g bv hvm w` q Avgvi K_v ïb jb Ges ej jb, Zvgvi Kg vb KvbUv? Avbvcvb bvwk Avc K rmœ? ÔAvbvcvbÕ Avwg DËi w`jvg wzwb ej jb, Zvgvi Avj ^b n Q Ôk vmcök vmõ Avi Zzwg cvwbi wbwgë wb q Ljvq g ZQ Ime ev` w` q Kej k vmcök v m gb `vi wzwb Avgv K AviI A bk Dc `k w` jb cvwbi wbwgë wb q GZ `~i G m Avevi Avbvcv b wd i hviqv gv UI mnr wqj bv gbuv wkqz ZB k vmcök v m h Z Pvw Qj bv Avgvi ^vfvwek Nyg e vnz nw Qj GKwU ivz wbn yg KvUv Z n jv PvL eü Ki jb mb wefxwlkv! Avwg Kb hb Aw i n q cojvg wkš, `y-wzb w`b cö Póv K i ax i ax i Avevi k vmcök v m gb w` Z mÿg njvg Gici Ggb wbwgë wel q mzk _vkv Z Avi Zgb Kv bv 8 Rvbv I `Lv
mgm v nqwb GKwU wrwbm ey SwQ, wbwgë A bk wkqzb Avm Z cv i, wkš m jv wb q Ljvq g Z DV j ev iæz w` j Lvivc wkqz nevi m vebv Av Q Avi K qkw`b n j Avwg nq Zv cvmj n q hzvg GLb Avgvi g b nq, wbwgë hv Av m AvmyK, k vmcök v mb g bv hvm w` Z n e cö_gw` K Gic i Avbvcvb wbwgë Avm j Ges mwu hw` k vmcök v mi ú k i v b G m w i nq, Z eb g bv hvmuv k vmcök vm _ K Avbvcvb wbwg Ë `Iqv DwPZ weár bi nq Zv Ab gzi _vk Z cv i Z e AšÍZ Avwg GB c_ a ib G Mv Z Pvw Q, Trial and Error Method a i `Lv hvk, Avgvi AwfÁZvq Kx nq! ÁvbkvšÍ wfÿz mvibv_ ebwenvi Kij vqwo, LvMovQwo 22 b f ^i 2013 Rvbv I `Lv 9
10 Rvbv I `Lv www.kalpataruboi.org
m~ wp c Î `kbv 1 Kxfv e Avbvcvb wz K Ac Yv a v b DbœxZ Kiv hvq f wgkv... 15 Kb fvebv Ki eb?... 15 fvebv Kx?... 16 Avh Aóvw½K gvm... 17 mgvwa Kxfv e evov bv hvq... 19 Avbvcvb wz... 19 cö_g avc... 20 wøzxq avc... 21 Kxfv e Avcwb mß eva ½ K mgzvq Avb eb... 28 Kxfv e Avcwb a vb jvf Ki eb... 29 cö kœvëi ce - 1... 32 `kbv 2 Ab vb welq wb q a vb...38 ` ni ewîkwu Ask...38 wbe v Yi wzb cö ekc_... 40 K¼vj... 40 a v bi cuvpwu A½... 41 Rvbv I `Lv 11
`kwea K rmœ...43 ey K rmœ...43 mv`v K rmœ...43 c w_ex K rmœ... 47 cvwb K rmœ... 47 Av b K rmœ...48 evzvm K rmœ...48 Av jv K rmœ...48 AvKvk K rmœ... 49 Pvi Aiƒc a vb... 49 Amxg AvKvk f wg (AvKvk-AbšÍ-AvqZb)... 49 Amxg PZbvf wg (weávb-abší-avqzb)... 51 k~b f wg (AvwKÂbvqZb)... 51 msáv-amsávnxb f wg (ˆbemsÁv-bvmsÁvqZb)... 52 cö kœvëi ce - 2...53 `kbv 3 ˆgÎx-fvebv... 61 Avcbvi cq `i Ges m vwbz e w³i cöwz ˆgÎxfve... 63 f`v f `i mxgv f O djv (mxgvm `)... 66 evbkwu köwy... 67 Awbw` ó Ges wbw` ó köwy... 68 `k w`kwb ` kk köwy... 69 KiæYv fvebv... 70 gyw`zv-fvebv... 71 D c v-fvebv... 72 PviwU Avi v fvebv... 72 weiƒczv fvebv (Amyf)... 74 g Zz -fvebv (giyvbȳ wz)... 75 mvigg... 76 cö kœvëi ce - 3... 77 12 Rvbv I `Lv
`kbv 4 Kxfv e iƒc K `L eb... 89 Pvi avzz fvebv... 89 iƒckjvc we køly... 97 ^ Q avzziƒ ci we køly...101 Pv Li g a Pzqvwjøk cökvi iƒc... 102 wpë Øviv Drcbœ iƒc (wpër-iƒc)... 103 FZz Øviv Drcbœ iƒc (FZzR-iƒc)... 103 Avnvi Øviv Drcbœ iƒc (AvnviR-iƒc)... 104 mvivsk... 105 cö kœvëi ce - 4... 106 `kbv 5 Kxfv e Avcwb bvg K `L eb... 122 a vb-wpëexw_... 123 KvgvePi-exw_... 125 hvwbk Ges A hvwbk gb vi... 125 g bvøvi-wpëexw_... 126 câøvi-wpëexw_... 127 evwn K bvg K `Lv... 128 cö kœvëi ce - 5... 130 `kbv 6 cözxz mgyrcv`-bxwz... 139 cözxz mgyrcv`-bxwzi wzb e Ë (wîez )... 140 AZxZ K `Lv... 140 ev Íe D`vniY... 143 fwel r K `Lv... 144 cö kœvëi ce - 6... 145 Rvbv I `Lv 13
`kbv 7 we`k b Ávb I wbe vy... 159 msgk b Ávb (eysvi ev Dcjwäi Ávb)... 160 mß iƒc-c wz... 163 mß Aiƒc-c wz (Aiƒc-mËK)... 164 D`q-e q Ávb... 166 msw ß Dcvq... 167 we ÍvwiZ Dcvq... 167 DrcwË ^fve K `Lv (mgỳ qa vbycw m)... 167 wejq ^fve K `Lv (eqa vbycw m)... 168 DrcwË-wejq ^fve K `Lv (mgỳ qeqa vbycw m)... 169 `k Dc K k (we`k bi `kwu Ac~Y Zv)... 170 f½ Ávb (wejywß Ávb)...171 Aewkó Ávb jv... 172 cö kœvëi ce - 7... 173 fvebvkvix `i Rb wb ` kbv...183 ------------------------------------------------ 14 Rvbv I `Lv
[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ `kbv 1 ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] Kxfv e Avbvcvb wz K Ac Yv a v b DbœxZ Kiv hvq f wgkv wkqz ZvBIqvwbR wfÿz I wfÿzyxi Avgš Y ZvBIqv b Avm Z c i Avgiv AZxe Lywk n qwq, hviv BwZc~ e gvqvbgv ii gvqjvgv bi mwbœk U Aew Z cv-ak gww Ukb m Uv i Ae vb K iwqj ZvBIqv b Ae vbkv j Avgiv Avcbv `i cv-ak gww Ukb m Uv i PwP Z fvebvc wz m ú K wkqzuv wkwl q w` Z PvB, Avi Zv m ú~y g~j wîwcuk I AvPvh ey Nvl weiwpz wel vz wemyw gm&m MÖ š wea Z w`kwb ` kbvi Av jv K Avgiv ` pfv e wek vm Kwi, g~j cvwj wîwcu K h fvebvc wz wkÿv `Iqv n q Q, Zv ey Z_vMZ wb RB Abykxjb K i Qb Ges Zuvi RxeÏkvq wzwb wb RB Zuvi wkl `i wkÿv w` q M Qb Kb fvebv Ki eb? cö_ gb Avgv `i wb R `i cökœ Kiv DwPZ : Ôey Kb fvebv wkÿv w` qwq jb?õ A_ev Ôfvebvi D Ïk ev jÿ B Kx?Õ Rvbv I `Lv 15
eš fvebvi g~j D Ïk ev jÿ B n Q wbe vy jvf Kiv Ôwbe vyõ n Q bvg (gb) Ges iƒc (ˆRweK `n) GB `y qi m ú~y wb iva ev wbe wë AZGe wbe v Y cušqz Z n j Avgv `i AwZ Aek B Kzkj I AKzkj GB Dfq gvbwmk Ae v K mg~ j ÿq Ki Z n e; h_v : wnzki Kzkjg~j A jvf, A Øl I A gvn Ges AwnZKi AKzkjg~j jvf, Øl I gvn G jvb Avgv `i Rb Rb vší i Rb, Riv, e vwa I g Zz i gy LvgyLx Kivq Avgiv hw` G jv K gvm Ávb (AwiqgM&M) w` q cy ivcywi ÿq Ki Z cvwi, Z eb wbe v Y cušqz Z mÿg n ev Ab fv e ej Z M j, wbe vy n Q mg Í msmvi`yt Li Kej n Z gy³ niqv Ges Rb, Riv, e vwa I g Zÿ i Abe kl ÿqmvab Avgiv mevb Rb `ytl, Riv`ytL, e vwa`ytl I giy`yt Li Aaxb AZGe Avgiv wb R `i mme `ytl n Z wpigy³ Ki Z PvB j Aek B fvebv Ki Z n e Avgiv h nzz mkj cökvi `ytl n Z gy³ n Z PvB, AZGe Avgv `i Aek B Kxfv e µgvš^ q wbe vy jvf Kiv hvq Zv wkÿv Ki Z n e fvebv Kx? GLb cökœ n Q, fvebv Avm j Kx? fvebv `y ai bi; h_v : kg_-fvebv I we`k b-fvebv GB `y ai bi fvebv Avevi KvwqK I evpwbk m`vpv ii Dci m ú~y wbf ikxj Ab K_vq, fvebv n Q Avh Aóvw½K gv M i mg K MVb, Abykxjb I cig civkvôv mb Avh Aóvw½K gvm n Q : mg K ` wó, mg K mskí, mg K evk, mg K Kg, mg K RxweKv, mg K cö Póv, mg K wz I mg K mgvwa Zb a mg K ` wó I mg K mskí K GK Î ejv nq ÔcÖÁvwkÿvÕ ey Avevi mg K ` wó K `y-fv M fvm K i Qb, we`k b mg K ` wó (wecm&mbv-m vw`u&wv) I gvm -mg K ` wó (gm&m-m vw`u&wv) mg K evk, mg K Kg I mg K RxweKv K GK Î ejv nq ÔkxjwkÿvÕ Avi mg K cö Póv, mg K wz I mg K mgvwa K GK Î ejv nq ÔmgvwawkÿvÕ GB mgvwawkÿvb n Q g~jz kg_-fvebv 16 Rvbv I `Lv
Avh Aóvw½K gvm GLb Avwg Avcbv `i mvg b Avh Aóvw½K gv M h AvUwU A ½i K_v ejv n q Q m jv m ú K mvgvb GKUz we køly Ki Z PvB Zb a cö_g A½ n Q mg K ` wó mg K ` wó Kx? mg K ` wó n Q g~jz Pvwi cökvi Ávb Zb a cö_g n Q, `ytl Avh mz Z_v câ- Dcv`vb- Ü wel q fvebvgq Ávb wøzxq n Q, `ytl-mgỳ q Avh mz Z_v câ-dcv`vb- Ü DrcwËi g~j KviY wel q fvebvgq Ávb Ab K_vq, Bnv n Q cözxz mgyrcv`-bxwz wel q fvebvgq Ávb Z Zxq n Q, `ytlwb iva Avh mz Z_v wbe vy Dcjwä ev cöz ÿkiy wel q Ávb, hv g~jz câ-dcv`vb- Üi cy ivcywi wbe wë Avi PZz_ n Q, Avh Aóvw½K gvm wel q Mfxi Ávb, hv g~jz wbe vy hvevi GKgvÎ c_i e U Avh Aóvw½K gv M i wøzxq A½ n Q mg K mskí Avi mg K mskí n Q g~jz `ytl Avh mz Z_v câ-dcv`vb- Ü wel q cwikxwjz wpšív, `ytlmgỳ q Avh mz wel q cwikxwjz wpšív, `ytlwb iva Avh mz wel q cwikxwjz wpšív Ges cwi k l `ytlwb ivamvwgbx cöwzc`v Z_v Avh Aóvw½K gvm wel q cwikxwjz wpšív mg K mskí Z_v cwikxwjz wpšív gb K `ytl Avh mz Z_v câ- Dcv`vb- Ü wel q h_vh_ g bvwb ek Kivq Ges mg K ` wó ZLb câ- Dcv`vb- Ü K h_vh_fv e ey S, Dcjwä K i GB `ywu welq gb K PZzivh m Z Mfxifv e g bvwb ek Kiv Z I Zv `i eys Z GK Î KvR K i Zviv h nzz GK Î GB c wz Z KvR K i, ZvB Zv `i GK Î ejv nq cöávwkÿv (ct&tvwmk&lv) Avh Aóvw½K gv M i Z Zxq A½ n Q mg K evk Avi mg K evk n Q wg_ v, f`, KK k I ev R Avjvc _ K m ú~y weiwz Avh Aóvw½K gv M i PZz_ A½ n Q mg K Kg Avi mg K Kg n Q cövyxnz v, Pzwi I e wfpvi n Z m ú~y weiwz Avh Aóvw½K gv M i câg A½ n Q mg K RxweKv mg K RxweKv gv b n Q, cövyxnz v, Pzwi ev wg_ vev K i g Zv Lvivc K_v I Lvivc Kv Ri gva g RxweKv wbe vn Kiv _ K weiz _vkv M nx DcvmK- DcvwmKv `i R b wb gœv³ cuvpwu evwyr wbwl ; h_v : A evwyr, Rvbv I `Lv 17
cövyxevwyr, gvsmevwyr, bkvevwyr I welevwyr mg K evk, mg K Kg I mg K RxweKv GB wzbwu A½ K GK Î ejv nq ÔkxjwkÿvÕ (mxjwmk&lv) Avh Aóvw½K gv M i lô A½ n Q mg K cö Póv mg K cö Póv Pvi cökvi; h_v : Abyrcbœ AKzkj AbyrcwËi Póv, Drcbœ AKzkj aÿs mi Póv, Abyrcbœ Kzkj DrcwËi Póv Ges Drcbœ Kzkj e w i Póv Gfv e µgvš^ q GB Pvwi mg K cö Póv K evov Z n j Avgv `i Aek B kxjwkÿv, mgvwawkÿv I cöávwkÿv K ewa Z Ki Z n e Ges Abykxj b cwicyó Ki Z n e Avh Aóvw½K gv M i mßg A½ n Q mg K wz mg K wz Pvi cökvi; h_v : Kvqvbỳ k b, e`bvbỳ k b, wpëvby`k b I ag vbỳ k b GLv b Ôag Õ ej Z e`bv ˆPZwmK ev ` evwk GKvbœwU ˆPZwmK K eysv bv n q Q A_ev Ab fv e ej Z M j, câ-dcv`vb- Ü, Øv`k Ava vwz K I evwn K AvqZb, Aóv`k avzz, mß eva ½, PZzivh mz cöf wz wkš Dch y³ Pvi cökvi Abỳ k b K Avgiv gvî `yfv M fvm Ki Z cvwi; h_v : iƒcvbỳ k b I bvgvbỳ k b Avh Aóvw½K gv M i Aóg A½ n Q mg K mgvwa Avi mg K mgvwa gv b n Q : cö_g a vb, wøzxq a vb, Z Zxq a vb I PZz_ a vb ey i fvebv-welqk wel vz m~î mwzcu&vvbmyë Abymv i GB mg Í a vb jv KB mg K mgvwa ejv nq Z e AvPvh ey Nvl-weiwPZ wemyw gm&m MÖ š mg K mgvwa K AviI wek`fv e we køly Kiv n q Q; hgb : Pvi cökvi iƒca vb, Pvi cökvi Aiƒca vb I DcPvi mgvwa wkqz gvby li Am e ikg cyy cvigx Av Q, Zviv Kej ag `kbv ï bb wbe vy jvf Ki Z cv i, Zv mswÿß nvk Avi we Í Z nvk Z e we k i AwaKvsk gvby li m-ikg AwgZ cyy cvigx bb ZvB Zv `i Aek B µgvš^ q Avh Aóvw½K gv M i mg K Abykxjb Ki Z nq Zv `i ejv nq Ô bq -cỹ MjÕ ( bq -cym&mj) Zv `i av c av c Avh Aóvw½K gvm Abykxjb Ki Z nq Ges µgvš^ q kxjwkÿv, mgvwawkÿv I cöávwkÿv cwic~iy Ki Z nq cö_ g kxj K cwiï Kivi ci Zv `i Aek B mgvwai PP v Ki Z n e Ges mgvwa PP vi ga w` q gb K ^ Q I wbg j Kivi ci Zv `i Aek B cöáv wkÿv Ki Z n e 18 Rvbv I `Lv
mgvwa Kxfv e evov bv hvq Kxfv e Zv `i mgvwa evov bv DwPZ? kg_-fvebvi welq gvu PwjøkwU h KD GB Pwjøk cökvi kg_- fvebvi wel qi ga _ K h Kv bv GKwU K mgvwa jv fi Kv R e envi Ki Z cv ib hviv Pwjøk cökvi kg_-fvebvi wel qi g a KvbwU w` q ïiæ Ki eb wm vší wb Z cvi Qb bv Zviv k vmcök v mi fvebv Avbvcvb wz w` q ïiæ Ki Z cv ib AwaKvsk gvbyl Avbvcvb wz fvebv ev Pvi avzz-fvebvi h Kv bv GKwU Abykxjb K i fvebvq mdj nb AZGe, GLb Avwg Lye ms ÿ c Kxfv e Avbvcvb wz Z_v k vmcök v mi fvebv Abykxjb Ki Z nq m-wel q e vl v Kie Avbvcvb wz ey `xn wbkv qi gnvmwzcuvvb my Î k vmcök vm K wb q Kxfv e fvebv Ki Z nq, Zv e j w` q Qb wzwb e jb, Ôwf zmy, GB ey kvm b GKRb wf z e b, ev Kv bv Mv Qi Mvovq, A_ev Lvwj Kv bv RvqMvq wm q cùvm b e m Ges kixi K mvrv iv L m Zvi g bv hvm K K `ªxf Z K i a v bi wel qi [Avj ^ bi] Dc i m g bv hv Mi mv _ k vm bq I g bv hv Mi mv _ k vm d j Õ 1. `xn K i k vm biqvi mgq m Rv b, ÔAvwg `xn K i k vm wbw QÕ `xn K i k vm djvi mgq m Rv b, ÔAvwg `xn K i k vm djwqõ 2. QvÆ K i k vm biqvi mgq m Rv b, ÔAvwg QvÆ K i k vm wbw QÕ QvÆ K i k vm djvi mgq m Rv b, ÔAvwg QvÆ K i k vm djwqõ 3. Ôm ú~y k vmcöevn Abyfe K i K i Avwg k vm beõ Gfv e m fvebv K i Ôm ú~y k vmcöevn Abyfe K i Avwg k vm djeõ Gfv e m fvebv K i 4. Ôk vmcöevn kvší K i Avwg k vm beõ Gfv e m fvebv K i Rvbv I `Lv 19
Ôk vmcöevn kvší K i Avwg k vm djeõ Gfv e m fvebv K i cö_g avc fvebv ïiæ Kivi Av M, hyzmb GKUv RvqMvq emyb Ges bv Ki ga w` q k vmcök v mi fz i XvKv I ewi q hviqvuv Lqvj Kivi Póv Kiæb Avcwb GUv K bv Ki WMvi wb P A_ev bv Ki cvuvi Pvicv ki Kv_vI Abyfe Ki Z cvi eb k vm biqvi I djvi mgq k vmcöevn K AbymiY Ki eb bv, KviY G Z K i Avcbvi fvebv h_vh_ n e bv ïay mrvm g bv hvm ivlyb k vm hlv b A_ev h RvqMvq úk K i mb RvqMv Z, muv nq Dc ii Vuv Ui Dcwifv M A_ev bv Ki WMvi Av kcv k Kv bv RvqMvq GKUvgvÎ RvqMvq mrvm g bv hvm ivl j ZLb Avcwb fv jvfv e fvebv Ki Z wkl eb I muv K me v½my `i K i Zzj Z cvi eb wbwg Ëi ^fve-j Y, mvaviy-j Y (m TT-jKLY) A_ev wbwg Ëi i Oi cöwz g bv hvm ` eb bv GLv b, ^fve-j Y n Q k v mi g a Pvwi gnvf Zi (Av b, cvwb, gvwu, evqy) Abyf wz KvwVb, KK kzv, cöevn, Zvc, avikz, Pvc BZ vw` mvaviy-j Y n Q k v mi AwbZ, `ytl I AwbZ Zvi ˆewkó Gi gv b n Q, Ôk vm wbw Q, djwq, AwbZ Õ, A_ev Ôk vm wbw Q, djwq, `ytlõ, A_ev Ôk vm wbw Q, djwq, AbvZ Õ Gfv e g bv hvm ` eb bv ïaygvî k vm biqv I djvi Kv R g bv hvm w`b, Ab wkqz Z g bv hvm ` eb bv Avbvcvb wz fvebvq k vmcök vm n Q fvebvi welqe fvebvq DbœwZi Rb Avcwb GUv ZB g bv hvm ` eb Avcwb hw` Gfv e k vmcök v m g bv hvm w` Z _v Kb, Ges mb mv _ hw` Avcwb c~e R b I fvebvpp v K i _v Kb I wkqz cvigx mâq K i _v Kb, Zvn j Lye mn RB k vmcök v mi Dc i g bv hvm vcb Ki Z cvi eb, k vm biqv I djvi Kv R g bv hvm ivl Z cvi eb Zv Z hw` g bv hvm bv Av m, Zvn j weïw gvm g Z Avcwb k vmcök vm MYbv Ki Z cv ib Avcwb cö Z K k vmcök v mi k l Gfv e Y eb : Ôk vm wbw Q, djwq GKÕ, Ôk vm wbw Q, djwq `ybõ BZ vw` Kgc cuvp ch ší Yyb, Z e ` ki Dc i Y eb bv Avgiv Avcbv K AvU ch ší Y Z civgk `e, Kbbv GwU Avcbv K Avh - 20 Rvbv I `Lv
Aóvw½K gv M i K_v iy Kwi q ` e, h c_ a i Avcwb Pjvi Póv Ki Qb ZvB Avcwb cuvp _ K ` ki g a h Kv bv msl v ch ší Yyb Avcwb cöwzáv Kiæb h GB mg qi g a Avcwb gb K Ab wpšívq ev Kíbvq f m h Z ` eb bv, Ab Kv_vI h Z ` eb bv, ïaygvî k vmcök v mi Dc i mrvm g bv hvm ivl eb hlb Gfv e Y eb, Avcwb `L eb h GLb Avcwb k vmcök v mi Dc i g bv hvm ivl Z cvi Qb, Ges Kej k vmcök vm KB Rvb Qb, Ab wkqz bq wøzxq avc Gfv e gb K Kgc Ava NÈv K `ªxf Z K i ivlvi c i, Avcwb Gevi wøzxq av c h Z cv ib : 1. `xn K i k vm biqvi mgq m Rv b, ÔAvwg `xn K i k vm wbw QÕ `xn K i k vm djvi mgq m Rv b, ÔAvwg `xn K i k vm djwqõ 2. QvÆ K i k vm biqvi mgq m Rv b, ÔAvwg QvÆ K i k vm wbw QÕ QvÆ K i k vm djvi mgq m Rv b, ÔAvwg QvÆ K i k vm djwqõ GB av c G m Avcbv K mrvm I m PZb _vkvi Póv Ki Z n e k vmcök vm `xn ev QvÆ wk bv GB wel q Ô`xN Õ ev Ô QvÆÕ ej Z GLv b Kq dzu ev Kq Bw `xn, muv eysv Q bv, mg qi cwigvyuv K eysv Q Avcbv K wb R wb RB wvk K i wb Z n e, KZUzKz mgq K Avcwb Ô`xN Õ ej eb, Avi KZUzKz mgq K Ô QvÆÕ ej eb cö Z KwU k vm biqv I k vm djvi mgq m ú K mrvm g bv hvm ervq ivlyb Avcwb Lqvj Ki eb h wbtk vm KL bv `xn n Q, KL bv ev QvÆ n Q ïaygvî GB Rvbvi KvRUvB Ki Z n e Avcbv K GB av c g b g b ej eb bv hb Ôk vm wbw Q, djwq, `xn k vm wbw Q, djwq, QvÆÕ Gfv e ejvi `ikvi bb GLb ïay g b g b ejyb, Ôk vm wbw Q, djwqõ, Avi mrvm _vkzb k vmcök vm `xn n Q wk QvÆ n Q m wel q k vm biqvi I djvi mgq Zv Dc ii VuvU ev bv Ki WMvq KZ Y a i úk Ki Q, Zv _ KB Avcwb GUv R b hv eb gv S gv S nq Zv cy iv mgquv Rvbv I `Lv 21
Ry o k vmcök vm `xn n e, A_ev gv S gv S nq Zv cy iv mgquv Ry o k vmcök vm n e QvÆ QvÆ; wkš Avcwb ^ Qvq GUv K `xn ev QvÆ Ki Z hv eb bv GB av c wbwgë 1 `Lv w` Z cv i, wkš hw` Avcwb axi I kvšífv e GK NÈv a i GB av c fvebv Ki Z cv ib, Ges G mg q Kv bv wbwgë Avwef Z bv nq, ZLb Avcbvi Z Zxq av c G Mv bv DwPZ : 3. Ôm ú~y k vmcöevn Abyfe K i Avwg k vm beõ Gfv e m fvebv K i Ôm ú~y k vmcöevn Abyfe K i Avwg k vm djeõ Gfv e m fvebv K i GLv b ey Avcbv K cy iv k vmcöev ni ïiæ _ K kl ch ší Lqvj ivl Z wb ` k w` Qb hlb Avcwb GUv Ki Z hv eb, wbwgë Avwef Z n Z cv i mikg n j Avcwb Zr Yvr mw` K gb ` eb bv, k vmcök v mi mv vkzb hw` Avcwb GK NÈv a i k vmcök v mi ïiæ _ K kl ch ší axi I kvšífv e g bv hvm a i ivl Z cv ib, Avi Kv bv wbwgë Avwef Z bv nq, ZLb Avcbvi PZz_ av c hviqv DwPZ : 4. Ôk vmcöevn kvší K i Avwg k vm beõ Gfv e m fvebv K i Ôk vmcöevn kvší K i Avwg k vm djeõ Gfv e m fvebv K i GUv Ki Z wm q Avcbvi g b g b wvk Kiv DwPZ h k vmcök vm kvší Ki Z n e, wkš ZvB e j k vmcök vm kvší Kivi Rb Ab wkqz Ki Z hv eb bv hb ïay cy iv k vmcöev ni ïiæ _ K kl ch ší g bv hvm a i ivlyb, Avi wkqz Kivi `ikvi bb hw` Avcwb Ab wkqz Ki Z hvb, Z e Avcbvi g bv hvm f½ n e Ges gb Ab w` K m i hv e weïw gvm e j h, k vmcök vm kvší niqvi PviwU c~e kz Av Q : wpšív (Av fvm), evi evi wz `Iqv (mgbœvnvi), g bv hvm (gbwmkvi), Ges wepvi (exgsm) ZvB GB av c Avcbv K hv Ki Z n e, Zv n jv k vmcök vm kvší Kivi wm vší biqv Ges G wel q µgvmzfv e mrvm _vkv Gfv e Avcwb `L eb h k vmcök vm kvší _ K kvšízi n Q G mgq 1. wbwgë : wewfbœ ai bi ` k, kã ev Abyf wz hv a v bi mgq g bi c` vq f m I V 22 Rvbv I `Lv
wbwgë Avwef Z n Z cv i wbwgë Avwef Z niqvi wvk Av Mi gyn~ Z A b KB wewfbœ Amyweavi m ylxb nb ewki fvm jv Ki ZLb g b nq h k vmcök vm Lye m~² n q M Q Ges mwu úó Abyf Z n Q bv Zviv nq Zv g b Ki Z cv i k vmcök vm _ g M Q hw` Ggb nq, ZLb Avcwb me kl hlv b k vmcök vm Abyfe K iwq jb, mlv b g bv hvm a i ivlv DwPZ Ges mlv b ˆa h i mv _ A c v Kiv DwPZ g Z e w³, gvz M f i åæy, R j wbgw¾z e w³, AÁvb e w³, PZz_ a v b wbgmœ e w³, wb iva mgvcwë a v b wbgmœ e w³ Ges eªþv : GB mvz cökvi e w³ k vm bq bv wpšív K i `Lyb, Avcwb G jvi Kv bvuvb bb, Avcwb Avm jb k vm wb Qb, GUv ïay Lye m~² n q M Q, hvi d j Avcbvi `ye j g bv hv Mi Kvi Y muv K Abyfe Ki Z m g n Qb bv Avcbvi g bv hvm h _ó kw³kvjx bv niqvq Avcwb k vmcök vm K ai Z cvi Qb bv hlb k vmcök vm G ikg m~² nq, ZLb Avcbvi GUv K e`jv bv DwPZ bq, Kbbv Ggb cö Póv Avcbv K D ËwRZ Ki e gvî Ges G Z Avcbvi a v bi Kv bv DrKl mvwaz n e bv Avcbvi k vmcök vm hgb, mfv eb Avcwb Rvbyb, Kv bv wkqz Ki Z hv eb bv hw` GwU ai Z bv cv ib, Z e A c v Kiæb me kl hlv b k vmcök vm Abyfe K iwq jb mlv b Avcwb `L eb h, hlb Avcwb Avcbvi g bv hvm I cöáv K Gfv e Kv R jvmv eb, k vmcök vm Avevi Abyf Z n e k vmcök v mi a v bi wbwgë e w³we k l wewfbœ nq Kv iv Kv iv wbwgë nq Kvc vm Zzjvi g Zv LuvwU I m~², evqycöev ni g Zv cöengvb, D¾ jzvq mwu nq Zv ïkzviv, Pzwb ev izœ A_ev gy³vi g Zv Ab `i Kv Q GwU nq Mv Qi uwo A_ev myupv jv ek vi g Zv Kv iv Kv iv Kv Q GwU j ^v `wo ev iwk, Kv bv dz ji gvjv, auvqvi cyä, Kv bv gvkomvi Rvj, Kv bv Kzqvkvi `jv, Kv bv cùdzj, Kv bv PvKv, P `ª ev m~h BZ vw` ewki fvm ÎB Kvc vm Zzjvi g Zv LuvwU mv`v wbwgë n Q D`MÖnwbwgË ( h Qwe ev wpýuv K wfwë K i a v b G Mv Z n e), hv mvaviyz wbim I wb iu hlb GB wbwgë ïkzvivi g Zv D¾ j n q I V, `xwßgvb I cwi vi n q I V, ZLb GwU cöwzfvm-wbwgë (wpý ev Qwei Rvbv I `Lv 23
D¾ j cöwzg~wz ) hlb Nvjv U Kv bv izœ cv_ ii g Zv nq, ZLb GwU D`MÖn-wbwgË, wkš hlb D¾ j I wskwgk K i `xwß Qovq, ZLb GwU cöwzfvm-wbwgë Ab vb wbwgë jv KI Gfv e ey S wb Z n e wbwgë wewfbœ R bi Kv Q wewfbœfv e nvwri nq, KviY GwU msáv Øviv Drcbœ wbwgë Avwef v ei Av M wewfbœ fvebvkvixi msáv wewfbœ niqvi Kvi Y wbwgëi wewfbœfv e f m Av m hw`i GB a v b fvebvi welq Kej k vmcök vm, ZeyI GwU e w³we k li Dci wbf i K i wewfbœ ai bi wbwgë Dcnvi `q GKwU AZ ší iæz c~y welq n Q, hlb Avcwb GB av c cušqv eb, ZLb Avcbvi wbwgë K wb q Ljv Ki Z hv eb bv GUv K nvwi q h Z ` eb bv, B QvK Zfv e GwUi AvK wz ev Pnviv e`jv Z hv eb bv hw` Avcwb mikg K ib, Z e Avcbvi a v bi köxe w n e bv, Avcbvi AMÖMwZ mlv bb _ g hv e Avcbvi wbwgë Lye m e nvwi q hv e ZvB hlb cö_g wbwgë Avwef Z n e, ZLb Avcwb gbuv K k vmcök vm _ K wbwg Ëi w` K h Z ` eb bv hw` h Z `b, ZLb `L eb h wbwgë P j M Q hlb Avcwb `L eb h wbwgë mỳ p I myw Z n q Q, Avcbvi gb wb R _ KB wbwg Ë GKvMÖ n q Av Q, ZLb gbuv K mlv bb _vk Z w`b hw` Avcwb gbuv K mlvb _ K mwi q Av bb, Zvn j Lye m e Avcwb a v bi g bv hvm nvwi q dj eb hw` wbwgë Avcbvi KvQ _ K A bk `~ i Avwef Z nq, muv K D c v Kiæb, Kbbv GwU m ez nvwi q hv e hw` Avcwb GUv K D c v K ib, Avi k vmcök vm hlv b úk K i, mlv b g bv hvm a i iv Lb, wbwgë Avm e Ges w i n q _vk e k vmcök vm hlv b úk K i, mlv bb hw` wbwgë Avwef Z nq, muv hw` myw i nq, muv hw` Ggbfv e Avwef Z nq hb GwUB k vmcök vm Ges k vmcök vmuvb wbwgë, ZLb k vmcök vm K fz j hvb, ïay wbwg Ë g bv hvm a i ivlyb gbuv K k vmcök vm _ K wbwg Ë vbvšíwiz K i Avcwb Gfv e AviI AMÖmi n Z m g n eb Gfv e gbuv K wbwg Ë wb q Avmvi d j wbwgë mv`v _ K AviI mv`v nq, hlb GwU Zz jvi g Zv mv`v nq, ZLb GwU D`MÖn-wbwgË Avcbvi ` p mskí Kiv DwPZ h GB mv`v D`MÖn-wbwg Ë GK, `yb, 24 Rvbv I `Lv
wzb ev ZviI ewk mgq a i Avcwb gbuv K kvšífv e g bv hvm a i ivl eb hw` D`MÖn-wbwg Ë GK ev `yb NÈv a i gbuv K a i ivl Z mg_ nb, ZLb wbwgëwu AviI D¾ j, AviI cwi vi, AviI `xwßgvb niqvi K_v hw` Zgb nq, ZLb mwub cöwzfvm-wbwgë (D¾ j cöwzg~wz ) Avcbvi gbuv K cöwzfvm-wbwg Ë GK, `yb ev wzb NÈve vcx a i ivlvi mskí Kiæb Ges mfv e fvebv Abykxjb Kiæb Abykxjb Kiæb, hz Y bv Avcwb mdj nb GB av c Avcwb nq DcPvi a v bi Í i cuš Q M Qb ( huv K ejv nq a v bi KvQvKvwQ avc), A_ev Ac Yv a v bi Í i cuš Q M Qb ( huv K ejv nq Mfxi I cwic~y a vb) DcPvi a vb ejv nq G Kvi Y h, GUv a v bi Lye KvQvKvwQ Ges a v b cö e ki Av Mi avc Mfxi g bv hvmb n Q a vb Dfq a v bi welqe B n Q cöwzfvm-wbwgë Zv `i g a cv_ K ïay GKwU RvqMvq Avi mwu n Q, DcPvi a v b a v bi A½ jv cwic~y fv e wekvk jvf K i bv G Kvi Y fev½-wpë Drcbœ nq Ges Avcwb fev ½ (cöwzmwüwpë) c o h Z cv ib fvebvkvix ZLb e jb h, mewkqz _ g M Q, Avi g b Ki Z cv ib h GwUB wbe vy Avm j wkš gbuv _v g wb, fvebvkvix mỳ bb e jb muv eys Z m g n Qb bv, KviY fev½-wp Ëi MwZcÖK wz LyeB m~² fev ½ c o hviqvuv Gov Z Ges AviI GwM q h Z Avcbvi cö qvrb n e câ-bw `ªq; h_v : kö v, exh, wz, mgvwa Ges cöáv K, hviv Avcbvi gbuv K mvg bi w` K V j ` e Ges cöwzfvm-wbwg Ë gbuv K a i ivl e cöwzfvm-wbwgë K Rvb Z n j evi evi cö Póv Pvjv Z nq, wz K me mgq RvMÖZ ivl Z nq hb GUv K bv fv j, Ges fv jvg Zv eysvi Rb Zxÿè cöávi `ikvi nq Kxfv e Avcwb câ-bw `ª qi gv S mgzv Avbqb Ki eb câ-bw `ªq n Q cuvpwu kw³ hv gb K wbqš Y K i, Ges kg_ I we`k bi c_ _ K gb K wepz Z n Z `q bv, h c_ cuš Q M Q wbe v Y hw` GB cuvpwu Bw `ª qi Kv bvuv AwZwi³ nq, Z e Zv fvimvg nxb Ae vi m wó K i Rvbv I `Lv 25
cö_g Bw `ªq n Q kö v ev wek vm wek vm ivl Z n e wîizœ, A_ev Kg I Kg d ji Dc i ey i ey Z wek vm ivlvuv LyeB iæz c~y, Kbbv GUv bv n j a v b Zvi AebwZ NU e ey i wk v Z wek vm ivlvuvi iæz c~y ey i wk v n Q Pvi gvm, Pvi dj I wbe vy BZ vw` ey i wk v Avgv `i fvebvq c_ `Lvq, ZvB cö Z KwU av c Zvi wk vi cöwz Avgv `i m ú~y wek vm ivlvuv LyeB iæz c~y aiv hvk fvebvkvix fv e, Ôïay k vmcök vm K ` L ` LB wk a vb cviqv hv e? GUv wk mwz h D`MÖn-wbwgË n Q mv`v Kvc vm Zzjvi g Zv, Avi cöwzfvm-wbwgë n Q cwi vi eid ev Kv Pi g Zv?Õ hw` G ai bi wpšív g b me mgq NyicvK Lvq, Z e Zv G ai bi ` wófw½i Rb `q, hgb ÔeZ gvb hy M Avi a vb cviqv hv e bv Õ G Z K i ey i wk v _ K fvebvkvixi Av v K g hv e, kg_ fvebvq cwic~y Zv jvf Ki Z wm q nvj Q o `Iqv _ K m Avi wb R K _vgv Z cvi e bv ZvB k vmcök vm wb q fvebvkvix e w³i cöej wek vm _vkv `ikvi wbtm `n n qb Zvi k vmcök v mi fvebv Kiv DwPZ Zvi wpšív Kiv DwPZ : Ôa vb jvf Kiv m e, hw` Avwg wvkg Zv mg Km ^y i wb ` kvejx AbymiY Kwi Õ Avevi Kv bv e w³ hw` Kv bv wkqz Z AwZwi³ gvîvq wek vmcöey n q c o Ges G Î muv hw` k vmcök v mi cöwz n q _v K, Zvn j gvîvwzwi³ wek v mi Kvi Y cöáv (wepvi-we køly K i mwvk wm v ší DcbxZ niqvi gzv) ^ Q nq bv Ab vb kw³ jv h_v : exh (cö Póv), wz I mgvwa (g bv hvm) `ye j n q c o exh kw³ Avi cöwzfvm-wbwg Ë D¾ j iƒc ˆZwi Ki Z cv i bv Ges gbuv K mlv b a i ivl Z cv i bv wz cöwzfvm-wbwg Ë Ávb K cöwzwôz Ki Z cv i bv mgvwakw³ gb K ZLb Ab welqe Z h Z evav w` Z cv i bv cöávkw³ cöwzfvm-wbwgë K wefvrb K i `L Z e _ nq h nzz cöávkw³ ZLb cöwzfvm-wbwgë K eys Z e _ nq Ges kö v K mnvqzv w` Z cv i bv, ZvB AwZwi³ cöáv G Î Avm j wek vmuv KB Kwg q `q hw` exh (cö Póv) gvîvwzwi³ nq, ZLb kö v Kv bv wm v ší DcbxZ n Z cv i bv, wz cöwzwôz n Z cv i bv, mgvwa g bi Ag bv hvwmzv K evav w` Z cv i bv, cöáv we køly K i `L Z cv i bv ZvB AwZwi³ 26 Rvbv I `Lv
exh gb K cöwzfvm-wbwg Ë myw ifv e ivl Z cv i bv, Ges cökvwší, g bv hvm I D c v eva ½ jv h _ó kw³ AR b Ki Z cv i bv weá e w³iv kö vi mv _ cöáv I mgvwai mv _ ex h i mvg Zvi cöksmv K ib D`vniY ^iƒc, hw` kö v cöej I cöáv `ye j nq, Zvn j Kv bv e w³ Kv bv welqe Z kö v ev wek vm vcb K ib Kv bv wkqz bv ey SB D`vniY ^iƒc, wzwb cövpxb eš a g i evb ii welqe hgb, i vkvix `ezv `i cöwz kö v ev wek vm vcb K ib Ab w` K hw` cöáv kw³kvjx I kö v `ye j nq, mb e w³ PvjvK n q I Vb a vb Kiv ev` w` q Zviv Zv `i mgq KvUvb ïay hyw³z K i ga w` q GUv A bkuv gvîvwzwi³ Ilya me bi g Zv, hvi wpwkrmv Kiv Lye KwVb hw` kö v I cöáv mgzvq _v K, Zvn j wek v mi hvm welqe Z, hgb wîizœ, Kg I Kg d j Zvi wek vm _vk e m wek vm Ki e h ey i wb ` k Abymv i a vb Ki j cöwzfvm-wbwgë I a vb jvf Kiv m e Avevi hw` mgvwa (g bv hvm) cöej, wkš exh ev cö Póv `ye j nq, ZLb fvebvkvix e w³ Ajm n q DV Z cv i hw` exh cöej, wkš mgvwa `ye j nq, ZLb m PÂj n q DV Z cv i wkš hw` mgvwa I ex h i mgzv _v K, Zvn j m AjmI n e bv, PÂjI n e bv Ges a vb jvf Ki Z m g n e Kv bv e w³ kg_ a vb c Z B QzK n j Zvi wek vm cöej n j fv jv nq hw` m fv e, ÔcÖwZfvM-wbwg Ë g bv hvm w` j Avwg wbwðz a vb jvf Ki Z m g n evõ ZLb mb wek v mi kw³ Z ejxqvb n q, Ges cöwzfvm-wbwg Ë g bv hvm w` q m wbwðzb a vb jvf Ki e KviY, a vb n Q g~jz mgvwai Z_v g bv hv Mi welq we`k b fvebvkvix e w³i cöáv cöej niqv fv jv, KviY cöáv cöej n j m we kølyc~e K AwbZ, `ytl I AbvZ GB wîj Y K eys Z Ges `L Z mg_ n e hlb mgvwa I cöávi g a fvimvg ervq _v K, ZLb jšwkk a vb AR b Kiv hvq Avevi ey hfv e kg_ I we`k b fvebv Ki Z wkwl q Qb mfv e a vb Ki j jv KvËi a vb AR b Kiv m e ZLbB, hlb mgvwa I cöávi g a mgzv weivr K i wz me mgqb `ikvix, Rvbv I `Lv 27
Kbbv GwU gb K AwZwi³ kö v, exh ev cöávi ekez x n q PÂj niqv _ K i v K i Ges AwZwi³ mgvwai d j Ajm niqv _ K i v K i GwU kö vi mv _ cöáv, mgvwai mv _ exh Ges mgvwai mv _ cöávi g a mgzv Av b AvPvi evbv Z hgb me mgq jey jv M, ivrvi KvRKviev i me mgq hgb gš x jv M, mfv eb me mgq me Î wz `ikvix ZvB cövpxb A_ K_vq ejv n q Q h, fmevb ey e j Qb, Ô h Kv bv a v bi wel q wz me mgqb cö qvrb Õ Kb? KviY, GwU n Q fvebvkvixg bi Rb AvkÖq I i vkz v wz GKwU AvkÖq, KviY GwU gb K D P Í i wb q hvq, hlv b gb KL bvb Av m wb Av M wz e wz i K gb Kv bv we kl I AmvaviY Íi jvf Ki Z cv i bv wz gb K i v K i, a v bi welqe K gb _ K nvwi q h Z `q bv ZvB hviv GUv K AšÍ` wó w` q Rv b, Zv `i Kv Q wz hb a v bi welqe K i vkvix, mb mv _ fvebvkvixi g bi i vkz vi e U wz Qvov Kv bv e w³ Zvi gb K Dc i Zzj Z ev wbqš Y Ki Z cv i bv G Kvi YB ey GUv K me Kv R cö qvrbxq e j Qb Kxfv e Avcwb mß eva ½ K mgzvq Avb eb k vmcök v m wz i L KD hw` a vb jvf Ki Z Pvq, Zvn j Zvi mß eva ½i gv S mgzv weavb Kiv Riæwi G jv n Q : 1. wz : hv cöwzfvm-wbwgë K g b iv L Ges evi evi GwU K j K i 2. ag wepq (ag jvi wepvi) : hv cöwzfvm-wbwgë K Zx è AšÍ` wói gva g ey S bq 3. exh (cö Póv) : hv eva ½ jv K GKÎ K i Ges cöwzfvm-wbwg Ë Zv `i mgvbfv e Rwo q iv L; we klz GwU wb R K I mb mv _ ag wepq K AviI cöej K i 4. cöxwz : cöwzfvm-wbwgë K Rvbvi Rb Lywkfve 5. cökvwší : g bi I g bi Dcv`vb jvi kvšífve, hv `i welqe B n Q cöwzfvm-wbwgë 6. mgvwa : cöwzfvm-wbwg Ë g bi GKvMÖZv 28 Rvbv I `Lv
7. D c v : g bi mgzv, hv cöwzfvm-wbwgë c q PÂjI bq, Avevi Zv _ K wb R K mwi qi bq bv fvebvkvix K Aek B GB mß eva ½ K cwic~y Ki Z n e Ges mgzvq Avb Z n e cö Póv h_vh_ bv n j gb a v bi welqe Z_v cöwzfvm-wbwgë _ K `~ i m i hvq G Î cökvwší, mgvwa I D c v K bv evwo q evov bv `ikvi ag wepq, exh I cöxwz K G Z gb cybivq D¾xweZ nq hlb exh AZ vwak nq, gb ZLb PÂj I j e _ K wew ß nq ZLb wkš fvebvkvixi c ag wepq, exh I cöxwz K evov bv DwPZ bq, eis Zvi D ëvuv Kiv DwPZ, A_ vr G Î evov bv DwPZ cökvwší, mgvwa I D c v K Gfv e PÂj I wew ß gb eva nq I kvší n q I V Gfv eb câ-bw `ªq I mß eva ½ K mgzvq Avb Z nq Kxfv e Avcwb a vb jvf Ki eb câ-bw `ªq kö v, exh, wz, mgvwa I cöáv hlb h _ó cwigv Y cwic~y Zv jvf K i, mgvwa (g bv hvm) ZLb DcPvi a vb _ K Ac Yv a v b cuš Q hvq a v b cušq j Avcwb wbwe Nœ cöwzfvm-wbwgë K Rvb Z cvi eb Avcwb Gfv e _vk Z cvi eb K qk NÈv, GgbwK mviv ivz A_ev mvivuv w`b hlb gb Gfv e cöwzfvm-wbwg Ë me mgq j M _v K GK ev `yb NÈv a i, Avcbvi ZLb Rvbvi Póv Kiv DwPZ Kv_vq g bvøvi (fev½wpë) Ae vb K i muvb g bvøvi-iƒc fev½wpë n Q D¾ j I `xwßgvb A_ K_vq GUv K g bvøvi ejv n q Q hw` Avcwb A bk A bkevi Póv Ki Z _v Kb, Zvn j GKmgq g bvøvi I cöwzfvmwbwgë K wpb Z cvi eb Gici Avcbvi a v bi cuvpwu A½ K GKwU GKwU K i Pbv `ikvi µgvmz Abykxj bi d j Avcwb a vbv½- jv K GKev ib wp b dj Z cvi eb a v bi cuvpwu A½ n Q : 1. wezk (D Ïk g~jk wpšív) : k vmcök v mi cöwzfvm-wbwg Ë gb K cwipvjbv Kiv I mlv b ivlv 2. wepvi (wbiew Qbœ wpšív) : k vmcök v mi cöwzfvm-wbwg Ë gb K a i Rvbv I `Lv 29
ivlv 3. cöxwz : k vmcök v mi cöwzfvm-wbwgë K cq ` Kiv 4. myl : k vmcök v mi cöwzfvm-wbwgë m ú K mylx g bvfve 5. GKvMÖZv : k vmcök v mi cöwzfvm-wbwg Ëi Dc i g bi GKvMÖZv a v bi GB A½ jv KB mgwš^zfv e a vb ejv nq a vb Abykxj bi cöv_wgk ch v q, Avcbvi `xn Y a i a v b cö e ki Abykxjb Kiv DwPZ a vbv½ jv K Rvbvi Rb ewk mgq e q Kiv DwPZ bq a v bi Dc i Avcbvi ` Zv (ekxfve) M o Zvjv DwPZ cuvp cökvi ` Zv Av Q : 1. a v bi A½ jv K Pbvi gzv 1 2. hlb Lywk a v b cö e ki ` Zv 3. hz Y B Qv ZZ Y a v b _vkvi ` Zv 4. AgyK mg q a vb _ K DVe Giƒc wm vší Abyhvqx h_vmg q a vb _ K DVvi ` Zv 5. a v bi A½ jv K ch v jvpbv Kivi ` Zv A½yËi wbkv qi ceÿ Zq Mvfx m~ Î ey e j Qb, cö_g a v b mỳ bv n q wøzxq a v b hviqvi Póv Kiv DwPZ bq wzwb e vl v K i w` q Qb h hw` KD cö_g a v b me w`k w` q mỳ bv n q D PZi a v b hviqvi Póv K i, Zvn j m cö_g a vb nviv e, mv _ mv _ D PZi a vb jvi jvf Ki Z cvi e bv m me jv a vbb nvwi q dj e hlb Avcwb cö_g a v b mỳ n eb, mewkqz Avcbvi Avq Z Avm e, ZLb Avcwb wøzxq a v b AMÖmi niqvi Póv ïiæ K i w` Z cv ib Avcbv K cö_g a v b XzK Z n e, Zv _ K ewi q Avm Z n e Ges 1. a v bi A½ jv K Pbv I ch v jvpbv KivUv GKB g bvøvi-exw_ Z N U _v K Pbvi KvRUv N U g bvøvivez b wp Ëi gva g, G ÿ Î hvi welqe nq a v bi cuvpwu A ½i h Kv bv GKwU A½, hgb wezk ch v jvpbvi KvRUv N U Pvi, cuvp, Qq ev mvzwu ch v jvpbvkvix AbyiYb (Reb) wp Ë, hb wpë jv g bi `irvi Pbvi wp Ëi ci cib Drcbœ nq, hv `i welqe I GKB we ÍvwiZ e vl vi Rb câg `kbv `Lyb 30 Rvbv I `Lv
cö_g a v bi `vl ch v jvpbv Ki Z n e, Avi wøzxq a v bi myweav jv f e `L Z n e muv Ki Z n e Gfv e : cö_g a vb n Q câ bxei Yi Lye KvQvKvwQ, wezk I wepvi GB a v bi A½ jv j, ZvB wøzxq a v bi P q GUv A bk Kg kvší, wøzxq a v b GB a vbv½ jv bb, ZvB mwu cö_g a v bi Zzjbvq Lye kvší AZGe, GB `ywu a v bi A½ jvi cöwz Kv bv Kvgbv bv i L, Kej cöxwz, myl I GKvMÖZvi Rb Avevi cöwzfvm-wbwg Ë g bv hvm w` Z n e Gfv eb Avcwb wøzxq a vb jvf Ki Z cvi eb hlv b _v K ïay wzbwu a v bi A½ : cöxwz, myl I GKvMÖZv Gic i wøzxq a v b cuvp cökv i mỳ niqvuv AvqZ Kiv DwPZ hlb wøzxq a vb Avcbvi Avq Z Avm e, Ges Z Zxq a vb c Z PvB eb, ZLb wøzxq a vb _ K ewi q G m Gi `vl jv ch v jvpbv Ki Z n e Avi Z Zxq a v bi myweav jv `L Z n e A_ vr, wøzxq a vb n Q cö_g a v bi KvQvKvwQ, Avi G Z Av Q cöxwz bvgk a vb A½ hv ~j ZvB GwU Z Zxq a v bi P q Kg kvší, Kbbv Z Zxq a v b cöxwz a v bi A½wU bb, ZvB GwU AviI kvší Gfv e g b g b Z Zxq a vb jv fi AvKv ÿv wb q Gevi Avcbvi cöwzfvm-wbwg Ë g bv hvm `Iqv DwPZ Gfv e Avcwb Z Zxq a vb jvf Ki Z cvi eb, hlv b Av Q Kej myl I GKvMÖZv Z Zxq a vb jv fi c i Avcbvi GB a v b cuvp cökv i mỳ niqvuv AvqZ Kiv DwPZ hlb G Z mdj n eb Ges PZz_ a vb c Z PvB eb, ZLb Avcbv K Z Zxq a vb _ K ei n q G m Z Zxq a v bi `vl jv ch v jvpbv Ki Z n e Avi PZz_ a v bi myweav jv f e `L Z n e A_ vr, Gfv e ch v jvpbv Ki Z n e, Z Zxq a v b myl bvgk a vbv½ ev a v bi Dcv`vb Av Q, hv j, ZvB GwU PZz_ a v bi P q Kg kvší PZz_ a vb jv fi B Q wb q GLb Avcbvi Avevi cöwzfvm-wbwg Ë g bv hvm `Iqv DwPZ Gfv eb Avcwb PZz_ a vb jvf Ki Z cvi eb, hv Z Av Q Kej D c v I GKvMÖZv Gici Avcbvi PZz_ a v b cuvp cökv i mỳ niqvuv AvqZ Kiv DwPZ PZz_ a vb jv fi mv _ mv _ k vmcök vm m ú~y eü n q hvq G Z K i Avbvcvb wzi PZz_ avc m ú~y nq : 4. Ôk vmcöevn kvší K i Avwg k vm beõ Gfv e m fvebv K i Rvbv I `Lv 31
Ôk vmcöevn kvší K i Avwg k vm djeõ Gfv e m fvebv K i GB avcuv ïiæ nq wbwgë Avwef Z niqvi wvk Av M Av M PviwU a v bi fzi w` q AMÖmi niqvi mgq a vb hzb Mfxi n Z _v K, k vmcök vm ZZB kvší _ K AviI kvší, m~² _ K AviI m~² n q I V, hz Y bv PZz_ a v b wm q cy ivcywi eü n q hvq hlb fvebvkvix k vmcök v mi a v bi gva g PZz_ a v b cuš Q hvb, Avi cuvp cökv i mỳ n q I Vb, g bv hv Mi mb Av jv D¾ j, ``xc gvb n q I V, ZLb wzwb B Q Ki j we`k b fvebvq AMÖmi n Z cv ib A_ev wzwb kg_ fvebvq ` Zv jv fi Rb AMÖmi n Z cv ib muvb Avgvi ciez x `kbvi welqe, Kxfv e `k K r mœi gva g kg_ a vb Ki Z nq cö kœvëi ce - 1 cökœ 1.1 : Avbvcvb wzi PviwU av c Kgb K i Avgiv eyse KLb GK avc _ K Av ik av c h Z n e? DËi 1.1 : ey Avbvcvb wz wkwl q Qb av c av c : `xn k vm, QvÆ k vm, cy iv k vm, Avi m~² k vm G jv ïaygvî eysvi myweavi Rb ev Í e a vb Kivi mgq GB PviwU avcb GKB mg q NU Z cv i hgb, k vm hlb `xn nq, Avgv `i cy iv k vmuv KB Rvbvi Póv Kiv DwPZ hlb k vm QvU nq, msw ß nq, ZL bv Avgv `i cy iv k vmuv K Rvbvi Póv Kiv DwPZ GUv Kej ZLbB Kiv DwPZ hlb Avcbvi g bv hv Mi h _ó DbœwZ n q Q D`vniY ^iƒc, hlb Avcwb Ava NÈv g bv hvm a i ivl Z cv ib ZLb Gici Avcwb hw` cy iv `xn k vm I QvÆ k v mi Dc i g bv hvm a i ivl Z cv ib NÈv LvwbK, Zvn j k vmcök vm Ggwb ZB m~² n q hv e, Avi ZLb Avcwb mb m~² k v m g bv hvm w` Z cvi eb hw` k vmcök vm m~² bv nq, Avcbvi ïaygvî k vmcök v m g bv hvm `Iqv DwPZ Avcwb KL bvb B Q K i k vmcök vm K m~² Ki eb bv, A_ev `xn ev QvÆ Ki eb bv Gfv e, PviwU avcb GKUv av c G m hvq PZz_ av c k vmcök vm Kej m~² n q hvq, cy ivcywi eü nq bv k vmcök vm cy ivcywi _ g hvq Kej PZz_ a v b GUvB me P q 32 Rvbv I `Lv
m~²zg avc cökœ 1.2 : a v b wbwgë _vkvi cö qvrb Av Q wk? DËi 1.2 : wkqz wkqz a vb Av Q hgb Avbvcvb, K rmœ a vb I Aïf a v b GKUv wbwgë cö qvrb wkš Ab vb a v bi welq hgb ey vbȳ wz Z a vb jv fi Rb wbwg Ëi cö qvrb bb ˆgÎx-fvebvq mxgv f O djv K ejv nq wbwgë cökœ 1.3 : KD KD e j h k vmcök v mi a v bi mg q Zv `i AvZ v ` ni evb i P j hvq GUv wk mwz, bvwk Zviv fzj c _ Av Q? DËi 1.3 : GKvMÖ gb ^vfvwekfv eb wbwgë m wó K i hlb g bv hvm Mfxi, cöej I kw³kvjx nq, wewfbœ msávi Kvi Y wewfbœ ai bi wbwgë nvwri nq hgb, hw` Avcwb wbwgë K `xn Pvb, GwU `xn n e; hw` Avcwb GUv K QvU Pvb, GwU QvU n e; hw` Avcwb Mvj Pvb, GwU Mvj n e; hw` Avcwb jvj Pvb, GwU jvj n q hv e AZGe, k vmcök v mi a v b bvbv ai bi msávi DrcwË n Z cv i Avcwb wb R K ` ni evb i `L Z cvb GUv g bi m wó gvî, AvZ vi Kvi Y bq GUv Kv bv mgm v bq GUv K cvëv bv w` q wb Ri k vmcök v mi cöwz g bv hvmx nvb GKgvÎ hlb Avcwb fz ii I evb ii cigv_ bvgiƒc K h_vh_fv e wpb eb, ZLb Avcwb AvZ vi mgm vi mgvavb Ki Z cvi eb : Avcwb ZLb Kv_vI AvZ v K Lyu R cv eb bv ZvB Avcbv K `ng bi euvab K f O f O cig `ngb K `L Z n e, Dcjwä Ki Z n e ÔbvbvavZz hv wewbfzwrz v Nbwewb fv M K Z AbËjKLbs hv_vemim Zv DcUVvwZÕ : hlb Avgiv GB Nb euvab K f O dwj, AbvZ msávi D`q nq `n I g bi wbweo euva bi Kvi YB AvZ v aviyvi Rb nq ` ni wbweozv K fvo Z wm q Avcbv K cö_ g iƒckjvc K ( z`ª KYv) wpb Z n e Gi c i wpb Z n e wewfbœ ai bi cigv_ iƒc K, h jv cö Z KwU iƒckjv c Kgc AvUwU K i _v K GUv Kiv e ZxZ AvZ vi aviyv wejyß n e bv GKBfv e, g bi wbweozv K fvov e ZxZ AvZ vi aviyvuv P j hv e bv D`vniY ^iƒc, hlb gb Gw`K Iw`K Ny i eovq, Avcwb nq Zv g b Rvbv I `Lv 33
Ki Z cv ib, GB ågyiz gbuvb n Q AvZ v Av ikuv D`vniY n Q Ôwem LviMZs wpësõ GLv b wem Lvi gv b n Q Ôms viwenxbõ, A_ vr wbe vy ms vi jv n Q bvgiƒc I Zv `i KviY jv wbe v Yi Kv bv ms vi bb, wkš wbe vy K `Lvi Kv R PZbvRwbZ ms v ii cö qvrb ey i Î GUv n Q An Ë djwpë I Zvi mv _ Drcbœ (mnrvz) ˆPZwmK jv hw` GUv cö_g a vb An Ë djwpë nq, Zvn j mlv b _v K 37wU wpëms vi hviv GL bv gvm Ávb, djávb, I we`k b Ávb jvf K ib wb, A_ev hviv GL bv g bi wbweozv K f O d jbwb, Zviv wpë KB Zv `i AvZ v e j g b Ki Z cv ib wkš g bi wbweozv K f O f O `L j Zviv `L eb h wpë I Zvi ˆPZwmK jv `ªæZMwZ Z Drcbœ I wejxb n q hv Q Awb Z i aviyvi mv _ Avm e Abv Z i aviyv gwnqmy Î ey e j Qb : ÔAwb PmwTT bv gwnq AbËmTTv mévwzõ hv `i AwbZ `Lvi g Zv AšÍ` wó Lye Zx è, Zv `i Kv Q AbvZ `Lvi g Zv AšÍ` wó cwi vifv e Drcbœ nq cökœ 1.4 : [Avbvcvb] wbwgë Kv Ì K Av m? GUv Kx Kvi Y Drcbœ nq? DËi 1.4 : ewki fvm g bi Ae v jv k vmcök vm wb q g bi cöwzwµqvi Kvi Y Drcbœ nq mwz Kv ii Avbvcvb-wbwgË Drcbœ nq k vmcök vm _ K Z e cö Z K g bi Ae vb wbwgë Drcbœ K i bv Kej Mfxifv e GKvMÖ gbb wbwgë Drcbœ K i AZGe, Mfxi I GKvMÖ g bi k vmcök v m Avbvcvb-wbwgË Avwef Z nq hw` wbwgëwu bv Ki WMv _ K `~ i `Lv hvq, Zvn j GwU mwz Kv ii wbwgë bq GKvMÖZvi Kvi Y wbwgë Drcbœ n Z cv i, wkš muv me mgq mwz Kv ii wbwgë nq bv hw` GB wbwg Ëi gva g a vb Drcbœ nq, ZLb Avgiv muv K Avbvcvb-wbwgË ewj wkš hw` GwU a vb Drcbœ bv K i, Zvn j muv mwz Kv ii Avbvcvb-wbwgË bq hw` Avcwb mb wbwg Ë g bv hvm `b, Zvn j a vb Drcbœ n e bv mvaviyz G Z g bv hvmuv Zxeª I kw³kvjx nq bv hw` Avcwb Ggb wbwgë wb q a vb Ki Z _v Kb, muv kxnªb nvwi q hv e cökœ 1.5 : weïw i mvzwu avc Ges lvjwu we`k b Ávb Kx Kx? DËi 1.5 : weïw i mvzwu avc n Q : 1. kxjweïw, 34 Rvbv I `Lv
2. wpëweïw, 3. ` wóweïw, 4. K Lv-DËiY-weïw, 5. gvm -AgvM Ávb`k b-weïw, 6. cöwzc`-ávb`k b-weïw, Ges 7. Ávb`k b-weïw lvjwu we`k b Ávb n Q : 1. bvgiƒc cwi Q` Ávb, 2. cöz q-cwimön Ávb, 3. msgk b Ávb, 4. D`q-wejq Ávb, 5. f½-ávb, 6. fq-ávb, 7. Av`xbe Ávb, 8. wb e ` Ávb, 9. gyw³kvg Zv Ávb, 10. cöwzmsl v Ávb, 11. ms v iv c v Ávb, 12. Aby jvg Ávb, 13. MvÎfz Ávb, 14. gvm Ávb, 15. djávb, Ges 16. cöz e Y-Ávb GLb Avcwb lvjwu we`k b Áv bi bvg Rv bb, fv jv K_v; wkš Avcwb wk m jv wb R cöz AwfÁZv jvf K i Qb? bv GRb B ïay ZvwË K Ávb h _ó bq G jvi cöz AwfÁZv jvf Ki Z n j Avcbv K Aek B cöej cö Póv wb q a vbmvabv Pvwj q h Z n e [m úv` Ki e³e : GB `kbvi c i cv-ak mqv` câ bxei Yi Dc i wb gœv³ K_v jv e jb ] GLb Avwg Avcbv `i ms c cuvpwu bxeiy m ú K e vl v K i w` Z PvB cö_g bxeiy n Q Bw `ªqmyL-Kvgbv (Kvg Q `) GwU n Q Rvbv I `Lv 35
e w³ ev e i cöwz Avmw³ GwU n Q Bw `ªqMÖvn e cviqvi Kvgbv D`vniY ^iƒc, Avcwb Avcbvi KzwUi A_ev iæ gi cöwz Avm³ n Z cv ib a v bi mg q Avcwb wpšív Ki Z cv ib, ÔAvnv, Avgvi KzwUiUv my `i n j Lye fv jv n Zv!Õ A_ev Avcwb fve Z cv ib, ÔAvnv, cy iv iæguvb hw` Avgvi n Zv, Zvn j fv jv n Zv!Õ Bw `ªqmyL-Kvgbvi wpšívq fvivµvší n q _vk j Avcwb Avcbvi a v bi welqe Z fv jvfv e g bv hvm w` Z cvi eb bv Bw `ªqmyL-Kvgbvi wpšív jv _vgv Z n j Avcbvi Aek B Zx è wz Ges cöpû ikg cö Póv Pvjv Z n e wøzxq bxeiy n Q aÿsmvz K wpšív (e vcv`) GwU n Q e w³ ev e i cöwz N Yv ev Am šívl D`vniY ^iƒc, hw` Avcbvi cv k emv Kv bv GKRb a vb PjvKvjxb Zvi Pxei w` q Lm Lm kã K ib, Avcwb Zv Z z n q fve Z cv ib, ÔAvnv, GB jvkuv GZ kã Ki Q Kb?Õ hw` Avcbvi gbuv N Yv ev Am šívl w` q RR wiz _v K, ZL bv Avcwb a v bi welqe Z g bv hvm w` Z cvi eb bv Z Zxq bxeiy n Q Avjm Ges RoZv (w_b-wg ) hw` gbuv `ye j nq, A_ev a v bi welqe Z AvMÖnx bv nq, Zvn j Avjm Ges RoZv Avm Z cv i gv S gv S Aek K vwší ev weköv gi Afv ei Z `ªv Avm Z cv i PZz_ bxeiy n Q PÂjZv Ges AbyZvc (D P-Kz z P) hw` Avcbvi gbuv PÂj nq, ZLb muv hb wxj Qzu o gviv GKUv QvB qi c, hlv b QvB jv Pviw` K D o D o Qwo q c o Q GKBfv e, PÂjZv _vk j gbuvi wew ß n q hvq a vb Kivi mgq Avcwb KL bvb gb K wekövg wb Z ` eb bv Ges gb K a v bi welqe n Z Ab Kv_vI P j h Z ` eb bv hw` `b, Zv PÂjZv Avm e AbyZvc n Q AZx Zi Lvivc KvR Kiv n q Q Ges fv jv KvR jv Kiv nq wb, Zvi Rb Avd mvm Kiv GLv bi Avcbv K Zx è wz ivl Z n e Ges PÂjZv I AbyZvc hv Z bv Av m Zvi Rb KwVb cö Póv Pvjv Z n e câg bxeiy n Q Kv bv wkqzi mz Zv m ^ Ü m `n ev mskq (wewpwk Qv) GUv n Q : 1. ey m ú K m `n, 2. ag m ú K m `n, 3. msn m ú K m `n, 36 Rvbv I `Lv
4. wîwk v, h_v : kxj, mgvwa I cöáv m ú K m `n, 5. AZxZ câ Ü m ú K m `n, 6. fwel r câ Ü m ú K m `n, 7. GKB mv _ AZxZ I fwel r câ Ü m ú K m `n, Ges 8. cözxz mgyrcv`-bxwz m ú K m `n mgvwa wk v m ú K m `n _vk j Avcwb fv jvg Zv a vb Ki Z cvi eb bv D`vniY ^iƒc, Avcwb nq Zv fve Z cv ib : ÔAvbvcvb- wzi gva g wk a vb jvf Kiv m e? Avbvcvb-wbwg Ë g bv hvm w` q wk a vb cviqv hv e?õ GB cuvpwu bxeiy n Q a vb-mgvwai AšÍivq ----------------------------------------------- Rvbv I `Lv 37
[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ `kbv 2 ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] Ab vb welq wb q a vb Avgvi Av Mi `kbv Z Avwg e vl v K iwqjvg, Kxfv e k vmcök vm K a v bi welqe K i PZz_ a vb ch ší jvf Kiv hvq Avwg `kbv kl K iwqjvg GB e j h, fvebvkvix hw` k vmcök v mi fvebvi gva g PZz_ a vb ch ší cuš Q hvb Ges cuvpwu KŠk j mỳ n q I Vb, a v bi Av jv D¾ j I `xwßgvb nq, ZLb wzwb PvB j we`k b fvebvq P j h Z cv ib wkš, GB ch v q fvebvkvix B Q Ki j kg_ fvebv AviI cwic~y iƒ c Pvwj q h Z cv ib AvR K Avwg we ÍvwiZ e vl v Kie, Kxfv e Ab vb kg_ welq jv wb q fvebv Ki Z nq, hgb : ` ni ewîkwu Ask, nvo Mvo, `k K rmœ BZ vw` ` ni ewîkwu Ask ` ni ewîkwu Ask wb q fvebv Ki Z PvB j Avcbvi cö_ g Avbvcvb fvebvq PZz_ a v b gmœ niqv DwPZ hlb a v bi Av jv D¾ j I `xwßgvb n q DV e, ZLb Avcbvi ` ni ewîkuv Ask K wpwýz Kiv DwPZ, GKUv GKUv K i ` ni ewîkwu As ki g a wekwu As k c w_ex-avzzi cövavb, Avi ev ivuv As k cvwb-avzzi cövavb c w_exavzzi wekwu Ask K cuvpwu cuvpwu K i Pvi fv M fvm Kiv DwPZ : 38 Rvbv I `Lv
1-5 : Pzj, jvg, bl, `uvz, Pvgov 6-10 : gvsm, ckxzš, nvo, nv oi g¾v, wkwwb 11-15 : ü`wcû, hk Z, wswjø, cøxnv, dzmdzm 16-20 : Aš, Af šíixy wswjø, nrg bv niqv Lv`, gj, gw Í ev ivwu cvwb-avzzi Ask K QqwU QqwU K i `y-fv M fvm Kiv DwPZ : 1-6 : wcë, Kd, cyur, i³, Nvg, g` 7-12 : AkÖæ, Pwe, _y_y, kø v, nv oi Rvovq Aew Z Zij c`v_, cömªve GB Ask jv K Dch y³ µgvbymv i `Lyb, Z e GKev i GKUv K i cwi vi Avqbvq wb Ri Pnviv hfv e ` Lb, ` ni cö Z KwU Ask K wvk mfv e `Lvi Póv Kiæb GgbUv Kivi mgq hw` a v bi Av jv gøvb n q Av m, Avi ` ni h AskUv K `Lv n Q, muv Svcmv nq, ZLb Avbvcvb fvebvi PZz_ a v b gmœ niqv DwPZ hlb Av jv Avevi D¾ j I Zxeª n e, ZLb Avevi ` ni Ask jv `Lv DwPZ a v bi Av jv gøvb n q G j GgbB Kiæb PP v Ki Z _vkzb hz Y bv Pzj _ K cömªve, A_ev cömªve _ K Pzj ch ší cö Z K Ask K cwi vifv e Ges Zx è Áv b `L Z bv cv ib ZZ Y ch ší hz Y bv Avcwb ` bv nb, ZZ Y PP v Ki Z _vkzb Gici, a v bi Av jvi mvnv h PvL eü Ae vq, Avcbvi cv ki Rb K `Lvi Póv Kiv DwPZ we klz me P q fv jv nq Avcbvi mvg b _vkv Kv bv e w³ K `L j mb e w³i ewîkwu Ask K `Lyb, Zvi Pzj _ K cömªve Ges cömªve _ K Pzj ch ší ewîkwu Ask K µgvš^ q cö_g _ K kl ch ší Ges kl _ K cö_g ch ší eûevi `Lyb Avcwb hlb Af šíixy Ask, A_ vr Avcbvi ` ni Ask jv Ges mb mv _ evb ii Ask ev Ab e w³i ` ni Ask jv `L Z m g n eb, Zv A bk evi PP v Ki Z _vkzb Gfv e ` ni ewîkuv Ask K Af šíixy I evwn Kfv e `L Z m g n j Avcbvi mgvwaej evo e ZLb GKUz GKUz K i Avcbvi `Lvi cwiwa K evov bv DwPZ, µgvš^ q KvQ _ K `~ i `~ ii e w³ `i `L Z cvb bv e j wpšív Ki eb bv PZz_ a v bi mb D¾ j Av jvq Rvbv I `Lv 39
Avcwb mn RB `~ ii e w³ `i `L Z cvi eb; Lvwj Pv L bq, Áv bi Pv L (TvYPKLy) Avcbvi `Lvi cwiwa K `kw` K evov bv DwPZ : Dc i, wb P, c~ e, cwð g, DË i, `w Y, DËi-c~e Kv Y, `w Y-c~e Kv Y, DËi-cwðg Kv Y, `w Y-cwðg Kv Y GB `kw` K hv KB Avcwb `L Z cv eb, m gvbyl nvk, cövyx nvk, Zvi ewîkuv Ask K `Lyb, GKevi Af šíixy I GKevi evwn Kfv e, G KKev i GK GKRb e w³ ev cövyx K hw` KB ZvKvb bv Kb Avi hlbb ZvKvb bv Kb, hlb Avcwb Avi bvix, cyiæl, A_ev Miæ, gvl, A_ev Ab Kv bv Rv bvqvi bv ` L ïay ewîkuv As ki mgwó K `L eb, Kej ZLbB Avcbv K ` ni ewîkwu As ki fvebvq mdj, ` Ges AwfÁ wn m e ejv hv e wbe v Yi wzb cö ekc_ GLv b Avwg wbe v Yi wzbwu cö ekc_ m ú K GKUz e vl v Ki Z PvB `xn wbkv qi gnvmwzcuvvb my Î ey e jb h, Pvwi mwzcuvvb fvebv n Q wbe v Yi GKgvÎ c_ Ab w` K A_ K_vq e vl v Kiv n q Q h wbe v Yi wzbwu cö ekc_ i q Q Ges m jv K `irv bv g AwfwnZ Kiv n q Q m jv n Q ey K rmœ (eyèkwmy), weköxfve (cwuk jgbwmkvi) Ges k~b Zv (myttzv) ev Pvwi avzz fvebv Z e G jv K Kej kg_ fvebv wn m e AvL vwqz Kiv nq, we`k b bq Kv RB, hlb Kv bv e w³ ` ni ewîkwu Ask K Af šíixy I evwn K Dfqfv e `L Z my` n q I V, ZLb m GB wzbwu cö ekc _i h Kv bv GKwU K e Q wb Z c i cö_ g Avwg e vl v Kie, Kxfv e ` ni ewîkwu As ki weköxfve wb q fvebv Ki Z nq K¼vj ` ni weköxfv ei fvebv Kivi Rb Avcwb cy iv ewîkwu Ask KB Avcbvi a v bi welqe wn m e wb Z cv ib, A_ev Kej GKwU KI e Q wb Z cv ib K¼vj ev nvo Mvo jv, hv ` ni ewîkwu As ki 40 Rvbv I `Lv
GKwU, muv wb q Kxfv e a vb Ki Z nq Avwg Zv GLv b e vl v Kie GB fvebv Kivi Rb Avcbvi Avevi PZz_ Avbvcvb a v b cö ek Kiv DwPZ hlb Av jv D¾ j I `xwßgvb n e, GUv K Avcbvi wb Ri ` ni ewîkwu Ask K `L Z e envi Kiæb, Gi c i Kv Qi Kv bv e w³ K `Lyb Gfv e Af šíixy I evwn Kfv e `Lyb GKevi ev `yevi Gic i Af šíixy K¼v ji cy ivuv K cöávi Pv L `Lyb hlb cy iv K¼vjUv cwi vi n q DV e, ZLb K¼v ji weköxfve K welqe wn m e wb q wbb, Avi evi evi g b g b ejyb : weköx, weköx (cwuk j, cwuk j), A_ev weköx K¼vj, weköx K¼vj (AwUVKcwUK j, AwUVKcwUK j), A_ev K¼vj, K¼vj (AwUVK, AwUVK) Avcbvi h fvlvq Lywk g b g b ejyb gbuv K w ifv e K¼v ji weköxfv ei Dci a i ivlvi Póv Kiv DwPZ GK ev `yb NÈv ch ší Gi is, AvKvi, Ae vb I Av kcv ki welqe i mv _ K¼v ji wew QbœZv ev mxgv j Kiæb mzk Zvi mv _ k vmcök v mi PZz_ a v bi g bv hv Mi kw³kvjx wfwëi Kvi Y Avcwb `L eb h GB fvebvi Mfxi Ges my` pfv e cöwzwôz n e Avcwb weköxfv ei Dcjwä Ges Ávb K Drcbœ Ki Z cvi eb, a i ivl Z cvi eb Ges mỳ p Ki Z cvi eb K¼v ji weköxfv ei Dc i Avcbvi g bv hvm cöwzwôz n j ÔK¼v jiõ msáv K ev` `Iqv DwPZ Ges ïay weköxfv ei Dc i wz ivlv DwPZ weïw gvm g Z, is, AvKvi, Ae vb I mxgv `Lv gv b n Q D`MÖnwbwgË `Lv mb As ki weköxfve K `Lv n Q cöwzfvm-wbwgë `Lv a v bi cuvpwu A½ K¼v ji weköxfv ei cöwzfvm-wbwg Ë g bv hvm vcb K i Avcwb cö_g a vb jvf Ki Z cv ib ZLb a v bi cuvpwu A½ we` gvb _vk e G jv n Q : 1. wezk (wez ) : gb K K¼v ji weköxfv ei Dci cwipvjbv Kiv I mlv b ivlv 2. wepvi (wepvi) : K¼v ji weköxfv ei Dc i gb K a i ivlv Rvbv I `Lv 41
3. cöxwz (cxwz) : K¼v ji weköxfve K cq ` Kiv 4. myl (myl) : K¼v ji weköxfve m ú K mylx g bvfve 5. GKvMÖZv (GK¹Zv) : K¼v ji weköxfv ei Dc i g bi GKvMÖZv GKB c wz Z ` ni Ab h Kv bv As ki weköxfv ei Dci fvebv K ii Avcwb cö_g a vb jvf Ki Z cv ib GKUv cökœ Av m, K¼v ji weköxfve K welqe wn m e wb q Kxfv e cöxwz I myl Avmv m e? Gi DËi n Q h, hw`i Avcwb K¼v ji weköxfv ei Dc i g bv hvm w` Qb, ZeyI Avcwb GB fvebv K i hv Qb, KviY Avcwb Gi DcKvwiZv Dcjwä K i Qb, Ges eys Z c i Qb h GUv Avcbv K Ae k l ey ov niqv, ivm I g Zz _ K gyw³ c Z mvnvh Ki e cöxwz I myl Av m AviI GKUv Kvi Y, KviY Avcwb ZLb cuvpwu bxeiy, h jv Avcbvi gb K Zß I K vší K i iv L, m jv K mwi q w` q Qb GUv A bkuv mb UvKvB qi g Zv, h eomo AveR bvi c ` L Avbw `Z nq GB f e, ÔAvwg GUv _ K A bk UvKv Kvgve Õ A_ev Lye Amȳ Kv bv e w³i g Zv, h ewg Ki Z c i mylx I Avbw `Z nq, A_ev Kv bv Wvqwiqv-AvµvšÍ e w³, h gjz vm Ki Z c i Avbw `Z nq Awfag -A_ K_v e vl v K i h, h e w³ K¼v ji weköxfv ei Dc i cö_g a vb c q Q, Zvi cö_g a v b cuvp cökv i mỳ niqvuv AvqZ Kiv DwPZ Gi c i me P q Kv Q h e w³, we kl K i mvg b emv Kv bv e w³i K¼vj K Zvi a v bi Av jvi mvnv h fvebvi welqe Kiv DwPZ Zvi GwU K weköx aviyvq g bv hvm `Iqv DwPZ Ges GB weköx msávuv wb q fvebv Kiv DwPZ hz Y bv a v bi A½ jv úó nq hw`i a v bi A½ jv úó nq, wkš A_ K_vg Z, GwU DcPvi mgvwai bq, Ac Yv mgvwai bq, Kbbv welqe GLv b RxešÍ hw` Avcwb evwn K K¼v j Ggbfv e g bv hvm `b hb GwU g Z, Zvn j Awfa g i UxKv-g~jUxKv Abymv i, Avcwb DcPvi a vb jvf Ki Z cvi eb hlb a v bi A½ jv mȳ úó n q I V, Avcbvi Avevi Af šíixy K¼v ji Dci weköxfve wb q g bv hvm `Iqv DwPZ Gfv e ci úi e`jve`j Kiv DwPZ, GKevi Af šíixy, GKevi evwn K Gfv e 42 Rvbv I `Lv