KAI &! 2011
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')$/$!", 2011 # 025 Abstract Main purpose of the present study is to investigate the suitability of thermomagnetism as a pollution monitoring tool around a power plant located near to Heraklion city Surface soil samples have been collected in 2011 up to a depth of about 025 m The heating and cooling curves of all samples have been estimated - 2 -
- 3-1 - 5-11 "% (')&'( $% '#)% - 5-12 ',0#) '"($$% - 5-13 '+#1,$ '#1 $% '*'$% '- % - 5-14 '(2 -') # )& $% $% - 9-2 - 10-21 + -') - 10-22 ' '( - 14-3 - 15-31 #+# - 15-32 #($% 0"$'% - 16-33 #($ $$ - 16-34 #($ '0'"$ - 17-35 -$ $#($ % '0'"$' $(,'&) - 19-36 -$ $#($ % '0'"$' $( -("$ - 21-37 $$ $#($ % '0'"$% - 22-38 $$ $#($ % '0'"$' MS2 $% Bartington - 23-39 -$ &#($3( 3( +( &'2+( - 29-4 - 30-41 '#1 $',0#)% '"($$% $% *% '#)%- 30-42 &#($2 2-30 - 43 '#1 #2&&% ''!'#)% +( 0'0&(+( - 31-44 )$ '&$(') +( ''&2+( $% -+ % (& % $#($ % '0'"$% - 31-45 )$ +( ''&2+( $%,'&&#($ % (2$%- 39-5 - 50-51 #+# - 50 - - 3 -
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' # (P-Tsph): ) )' (, «'» -' $, - 400 $ $ + ( 22 ) ) - 11 -
' 21 % ( *( #,, (+ (,,% 1:50000) - 12 -
' 22 '!! # $# (+ (,,% 1:50000) - 13 -
22 ' '( +, -, ) (Kilias et al, 1993), ) %+ - 0! (Fytrolakis, 1980) ' ' " ' ' - ' ' )' % - 0 + -!, ), ), ( + -! 0 - ' + ) -: + " + ( - ' +-! //, +-! ' ( %-0 $, ', 9 - & ( %+- 0! %!-0+ $ ( ) ( 21) )' %!-0+ %-0-14 -
3 31 #+#, ' ' ', ' ' ', ' ' ', ) : ),, Curie,, 3, $ ), ) ' (spins) ( ' ' ), ) 4,! ), ) $ ), ' ' " ' Thompson and Oldfield (1986), Environmental Magnetism " ' ', - 15 -
32 #($% 0"$'%! (Diamagnetism) $ (magnetization) ) (orbital), ) ),, $ (Paramagnetism) 4 ),, ) ) $,, (Ferromagnetism) = ), Curie ) - Curie ), ' Curie $ ' ' $ (31) ' 33 #($ $$ ( ', ( 31 ) ) +,, 31 ;, ) +, ) " - 16 -
/ Au Cu -274x10-6 -077x10-6 -Sn Pt Mn 019x10-6 2104x10-6 6610x10-6,!", # Fe ~100,000 $ - $# Cr 36x10-6,!", # Ba ferrite ~3-31 '! - 14 -
' 31 * (Thompson and Oldfield, 1986) +, ) ) : MS, (>1() - ) ) (saturation remanent magnetization) MRS - 15 -
", ', (, ), ) HC ) (%)c ( ) (%)CR ) (initial magnetic susceptibility) (31) ) (32) - (31) (Thompson and Oldfield 1986) - (32) (Thompson and Oldfield, 1986) - 16 -
34 #($ '0'"$ ) 6 ) : = M/H, 6,, ( ) () ( ' (' ), $ 33 34,, ) : = /, ) m 3 /Kgr 1mT, ) ; ), ) k i, ' k e, k i k e : k e = k i / (1+Nk i ) 0 4 () N k i >1, 1/0 " 0, ' 0 1/3 - (33) &! - 17 -
- (34) & (Thompson and Oldfield 1986) + ' ) : 1 &( &#( $ '(",'$% (Detrital or depositional remanent magnetization, DRM) ) 2 #$ &( &#( $ (Saturation isothermal remanent magnetization, SIRM or MRS or RS) " 3 #$ &#( $ (saturation magnetization MS or S) " 4 5'&&( &#( $ (Thermoremanent magnetization, TRM) + ' ' Curie 5 &' &#($* '0) &' -"( (Viscosity) 6 (2 '!3&'($ &( &#( $ (viscous remanent magnetization VRM), ) 7 () $#($ %'0'"$% (anisotropy of magn Susceptibily) - 18 -
8 Anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM), 9 '-&#($&"% (superparamagnetism) " ' ', (10-8 m) ( ) 35 -$ $#($ %'0'"$' $(,'&),, ' 32 ) ' ;, ' 0 C - 700 C ' (, Curie ((c), $,, (c, (% ( ) ' ' ' ' + ' ' + Curie ' Curie ( ) # ' ', ' - 19 -
' () () ' 32 ) ( # ) : & (), <20m ( ), >20m (), - ( ) (Thompson and Oldfield 1986), ) $ - 20 -
36 -$ $#($ %'0'"$' $( -("$ 4 (fd) (relaxation phenomena) ' ac ', (in phase) ' (Quadrature or out of phase), ' ; ' ' -' ' (Snoek, 1948), ' ' ', ) ' $ ), ( Bartington, 1 10KHz 3&10-4 ( (3Oe) 1 10 KHz ', ) (fd) ' ' ) (fd/) 0 24% - 21 -
' 26% (Bhathal and Stacey (1969), ' ) 37 $$ $#($ %'0'"$% ac ( 33) ( #, (, millivolts ( 01mT (1Oe) 1-10KHz AC in phase quadrature " ), in phase, ' quadrature ' ) -' in phase, ', ' quadrature ' 33 (Thompson and Oldfield 1986) - 22 -
38 $$ $#($ %'0'"$' MS2 $% Bartington ( MS2 Bartington ( 34) ', )' 2&10-6 SI units, ',, ) "),,,,, ), ' 34 & MS2 Bartington, ) ) + MS2 ' (, ) ( ) - 23 -
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* (' 35) 1, $ 2 ( ) ', 3 ( 4 8) low +, high 5 ) x 10 6 $) zero (Z), continuous measurements (M) " +/-1 7 ( 10gr ( ) ) $) measure () ' * - /*, ' ' 35 - / MS2 Bartington - 28 -
39 -$ &#($3( 3( +( &'2+( + ' ', ', Theis and Wirth (1977) ',,,,,, ',, ' ) " ), Hansen et al (1981) ',, Olson and Skogerboe (1975) Linton et al (1980), Petrovsky et al (2001), ', - ' ', Leconet et al (2003) 4, ' 4 SIRM-, IRM_200mT/SIRM-IRM_20mT/SIRM ARM_40mT/SARM-, Boyko et al (2004) 10x10 Km + $ ( 2000 2001) - ),,, - 29 -
4 5 5 41 '#1 $',0#)% '"($$% $% *% '#)% : 1 +) ) 2 " ( 41)!" ' ) 3 ' 4 ), ', ' 5 " ARCGIS GRAPHER 42 &#($2 2 ' ', ) ), ) - ( ), ( : (Fe 3 O 4 ), (Fe 2 O 3 ), ( Fe 2 O 3 ) (FeOOH)) " ( ) (Ca/Mg, ) ), - ', ( greigite-fe 3 S 4 FeS 2 ), (), ' ( - - 30 -
FeCO 3 ) ' ' ( -vivianite (Fe 3 (PO 4 ) 2 8H 2 O) ( 43 '#1 #2&&% ''!'#)% +( 0'0&(+(, ' GIS (4 $') + (inverse distance weighted, IDW), ), ' ( ',, ) ' 44 )$ '&$(') +( ''&2+( $% -+ %(& % $#($ %'0'"$% 41 ),! ' * ) 42 ), $ ), ' " FD susceptibility = [MS(Low)-MS(High)]/ MS(Low), ) 43 * ' ) ) 44 45, ) ), - 31 -
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' 41 (m 3 Kg -1 ) IDW, *( ( - 33 -
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' 44 (m 3 Kg -1 ) IDW, *( ( - 36 -
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45 )$ +( ''&2+( $%,'&&#($ % (2$% (47-426) ) 20 ( 32, 40, 72, 74, 76, 82, 102, 107 ) ' ' ", ' 47 1-39 -
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6 1 Kilias, A, Fassoulas, C, Mountrakis, D, 1993, Tertiary extension of continental crust and uplift of Psiloritis metamorphic core complex at the central part of the Hellenic arc, Bull Geol SocGreece, XXVIII, 297-314 2 Fytrolakis, N, 1980, The geological structure of Crete: Problems, observations and conclusions, Habil Thesis, Nat Tech Univ, Athens 3 Alloway, BJ (ed), 1990 Heavy metals in soils, Glasgow, Blackie, 1-339 4 Bhathal, RS and Stacey FD, 1969, Frequency independence of low field susceptibility of rocks, J Geophys Res 74, 2025-7 5 Boyko, T, Scholger, R, Stanjek, H, MAGPROX Team, 2004, Topsoil magnetic susceptibility mapping as a tool for pollution monitoring repeatability of in situ measurements, Journal of Applied Geophysics 55, 249-259 6 Brady, NC, Weil, RR, 1999 The Nature and Properties of Soils 12 th Edition, Prentice Hall, ISBN 0-13-852444-0 7 Hansen, LD, Silberman, D and Fischer, GL, 1981, Crystalline components of stackcollected, size-fractioned coal fly ash, Environ Sci Technol 15, 1057-62 8 Havlin, JL, Beaton, JD, Tisdale, SL, Nelson, WL, 1999 Soil Fertility and Fertilizers An Introduction to Nutrient Management 6 th edition Prentice Hall, New Jersey ISBN 0-13-626806-4 9 Gee, C, Ramsey, MH, and Thornton I, 2001 Buffering from secondary minerals as a migration limiting factor in lead polluted soils at historical smelting sites, Appl Geochem, 16, 1193-1199 10 Lecoanet, H, Leveque, F, Ambrosi, J-P, 2003, Combination of magnetic parameters: an efficient way to discriminate soil-contamination sources, Environmental Pollution 122, 229-234 11 Lars, J, 2003 Hazards of heavy metal contamination British Medical Bulletin, vol 68, no 1, pp 167-182(16), Oxford University Press 12 Petrovsky, E, Kapicka, A, Jordanova, N, Borucka, L, 2001, Magnetic Properties of alluvial soils, contaminated with lead, zinc and cadmium, Journal of Applied Geophysics 48, 127-136 - 52 -
13 Theis, TL and Wirth, JL, 1977, Sorptive behaviour of trace metals on fly ash in aqueous systems, Environ Sci Technol 11, 1095-100 14 Thompson, R and Oldfield, F, 1986, Environmental Magnetism, Allen &Unwin Ltd - 53 -