Metropolitan challenges and solutions Why care about metropolitan and regional perspectives? Irma Karjalainen, Director, Helsinki Region Environmental Services Authority HSY, LUMAT Conference, 25 September 2018, Ljubjana
Agenda What Helsinki region and governance Why Environmental and planning challenges How Coordinated regional planning of housing, land use and transport system Monitoring Conclusions Irma Karjalainen 25.9.2018
Governance and mix of voluntary cooperation networks FINLAND 5,5 mill Helsinki Region voluntary cooperation - 14 municipalities (1,5 mill) FUA 1) Helsinki Uusimaa County Council 26 municipalities 1,6 mill inh. Helsinki 2) HRT - Helsinki Region Transport Authority 3) HSY - Helsinki Region Environmental Services Authority Population Metro Area 1,2 mill. Helsinki 640 000
Why? - care about regional perspective? - why is cooperation in planning important?
Challenges - in regional and spatial planning Urban sprawl - need for sustainable planning and monitoring the development Weakening public finances Demographic changes ageing, immigration, segragation Sustainable accessibility local accessibility of services and jobs by sustainable modes of transportation Climate change mitigation, adaptation Affordable housing Globalization Digitalization Need for participation Energy revolution Urbanization and metropolization - strong growth or recession of different areas
Densification is good for the climate and for the economy 66 % Of workplaces are located near railway stations Businesses and people optimise their geographic locations Half of the people live near stations 5 % Doubling density increases productivity by an average of 2-4 % Lähde HSY Irma Karjalainen 14.8.2018 Loikkanen,Laakso 2016, Florida R.2012
How? Governance and cooperation
Land use planning system in Finland S T A T U T O R Y National land use guidelines Council of state ratifies REGIONAL LAND USE PLAN LOCAL MASTER PLANS Drafted and approved by Regional Council Drafted and approved by municipalities VOLUNTARY CO-OPERATION: Land use, housing and transport MAL- agreement between the state and municipalities LOCAL DETAILED PLANS + Municipal building code IK, Modified from a structure of Helsinki Uusimaa regional council
Regional land use planning in Uusimaa County Strategic planning of land use in the area of 26 municipalities - Main principles > 2050 A long-term plan of urban and green structures and transportation network on general level A guide to municipal planning and Defines international, national and regional interests. Where are the urban areas that will the most important in the future?
The 3 structural models of the region 2050: Model 1: Centralized growth Model 2: Polycentric growth Model 3: Scattered growth Population and green structure Jobs and transport investments
Integrated planning process of land use, housing strategy and transport system plan. MAL agreement 2016-2019 MAL: A regional land use, housing and transport plan with concrete actions agreed by the Helsinki region s 14 municipalities and the state. HSL Valkonen 2015
Defining clear and shared goals at the regional level Sustainable management of growth supporting public transport and services Reducing carbon emissions Location of new housing next to existing centers and connections Location of new housing next to the stations Sustainable competitiveness Welfare of humans and nature Improving the accessibility of the region Concentration and centralization Accessibility of services and jobs Protecting biodiversity Improving the service level of sustainable modes of transport Location of malls into the centers
Transport system accessibility and regional solutions LAND USE PLANNING Land use and building act TRANSPORT State s transport policy guidelines, financing, taxes Regional Land use Plan MORE Rkennus-järjestysa Opportunities to create Municipal rapid and reliable Masterplan public transport Regional transport system Transport planning planning municipal Local detailed plans LESS Local street planning SUSTAINABLE HOUSING Paris agreement and UN s Sustainable Development Goals Irma Karjalainen 14.8.2018
Commitment - Engagement 1. Creating a shared vision and goals: a study trip and workshops 2. Learning, seminars, discussions > sensemaking together a draft 3. Creating commitment conferences, regular meetings with stakeholders
A Letter of Intent and the Contracting Parties Goverment: Ministry of Transport and Communications Ministry of the Environment Finnish Transport Agency Centre for Economic Development, Transport and the Environment for Uusimaa The Housing Finance and Development Centre of Finland (ARA) Helsinki region s 14 municipalities Helsinki Regional Transport Authority
Results
Housing production in the Helsinki Region 1998-2017 Estimate 18 000 for the year 2018 14.000 Completed homes 12.000 10.000 8.000 6.000 4.000 20 years average, Metropolitan area 2.000 0 In 2016-2017 27 731 new housing units Equals 99 % of the Agreement s objective MA-aiesopimus MAL-aiesopimus MAL-sopimus 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Pääkaupunkiseutu 20 vuoden keskiarvo Tavoite KUUMA-kunnat Agreements: 2008, 2011, 2015 And the next plan is in process to be signed by 2019 In 2016-2017 - 27 700 new housing units = 99 % of goal 17
Monitoring - 14 municipalities housing projects 2016-17> almost 24 000 new homes Completed homes 2016-2017 86 % of the new homes were built on the targetted areasle 14 Municipalities Helsinki Vantaa Espoo Järvenpää Nurmijärvi Kerava Hyvinkää Kirkkonummi Tuusula Sipoo Vihti Mäntsälä Kauniainen Pornainen Number of completed homes 0 1.000 2.000 3.000 4.000 5.000 6.000 7.000 8.000 9.000 10.000 18
Monitoring- the location of 14 municipalities housing projects Spatial data is the key Half of the new housing is located in walking distance from railway stations The location of state-subsidized housing production was also monitored
Helsinki harbours become houses and services Brownfield development in Arabian ranta, Jätkäsaari, Kalasatama Kalasatama, Smart City district Kalasatama Jätkäsaari
Main road and track investments in the Helsinki Region 2000 2016
Investments in transport infrastructure Cost of investments is shared between the state and municipalities 53 % municipalities, 47 % state Investment projects 2015-2025 Ring Rail Line 2015. West Metro linking Helsinki to southern Espoo 2017 Ring road 2 and 3 investments 12.10.2018 22
What have we learned?
Conclusions The shared goals should be based on the future scenarios >impact of climate change Participation is essential Engagement Build social capacity Experts should be used - both internal and external - better quality LEADERSHIP! The responsible political leadership based on facts and knowledge - is the key to success. Regional scale to understand impact of local decisions on the functional urban area FUA. Impact assessment must be integrated The goals should be monitored and reported frequently
Thank you! More information: irma karjalainen@hsy.fi HSY Helsinki Region Environmental Services Authority www.hsy.fi/en Helsinki Uusimaa Regional Council www. uudenmaanliitto.fi/en HSL Helsinki Region Transport www.hsl.fi/en/