2010, 23( 4) : 515 522 Forest Research : 1001-1498( 2010) 04-0515-08 1, 1, 1 *, 2, 3, 2 ( 1.,, 650224 ; 2., 650200; 3., 650204) :, :,,, ( ), ;, : ; ; ; ; : S791. 257 : A Comparison of Community Structures and Species Diversity in Natural Forests and Forest Plantation of Pinus yunnanensis WANG Jian-min 1, LIU Juan 1, CHEN Xiao-ming 1, WEN Qing-zhong 2, DUAN Zhao-yao 3, LAI Xing-hui 2 ( 1. Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry; Key Laboratory of Breeding and Utilization of Resource Insects of State Forestry Administration, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, China; 2. Kunming Branch of Yunnan Institute of Forestry and Planning, Kunming 650200, Yunnan, China; 3. Yunnan Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650204, Yunnan, China) Abstract: Community structures and species diversity in natural and man-made Pinus yunnanensis forests in central Yunnan were investigated. The results showed that, fewer interferential natural Pinus yunnanensis forest had the most stable and reasonable community structures, populations of the dominant species of tree stratum had the strongest ability in naturally regenerating and succession potential, and also the species diversity and habitat diversity were the most abundant. The features of fewer interferential natural forest described above were all superior to that of the more interferential natural Pinus yunnanensis forest; and more interferential natural forest preceded forest plantation. The more the interference ( both natural and artificial) increased during the originating process of the forests, the more the community stability, biodiversity, harmonious and balanced capacity and renewing capacity declined. However, the distribution range and quantum of the invasive species Ageratina adenophora increased in accompany with the increases of artificial interference, this perhaps indicated that Ageratina adenophora could be the bio-indicator of evaluating forest biodiversity, interference extent and forest health. Key words: Pinus yunnanensis; natural forest; forest plantation; interference; community structure : 2009-12-22 : ( 2006C0015Z) ; 948 ( 2009-4 - 37) ; ( 200904052) : ( 1982 ),,,, :. * :,,,,. E-mail: xmchen@ vip. km169. net
516 23 ( Pinus yunnanensis Franch. ),,, [ 1] ;,, 80%,,,,, [ 2-4 ],,,,,, [ 5-11 ],,,,,,, 1 [ 1 2] [ 8] ( 1), 4, 5 10, 15. 9, 31. 9, 0. 5, 814. 3 mm, 1 955. 2 h, 5 9, 16. 8, 38. 2, - 1. 5, 923. 4 mm, 1 930. 8 h,,,, ( Pinus armandi Franch. ) ( Alnus nepalensis D. Don) ( Keteleeria evelyniana Mast. ) ( ) 1 / m 26 22 N, ( ) 107 37 E 24 38 N ( ) 102 16 E ( ) ( ) 25 25 6 N, 102 46 102 48 E 24 20 24 23 N, 102 35 102 36 E / a / ( # ) 1 2 340 0. 4 W 15 2 2 330 35 45 0. 6 S 35 3 2 124 0. 8 N 22 4 2 030 0. 7 W 25 5 2 023 50 60 0. 7 NW 20 6 1 983 0. 7 NW 20 7 2 044 0. 5 SW 15 8 2 057 0. 6 S 12 9 2 090 0. 3 SW 22 10 2 085 18 28 0. 8 S 20 11 2 029 0. 6 E 15 12 2 050 0. 6 SE 16 13 2 066 0. 5 NW 15 14 2 075 42 45 0. 5 N 12 15 2 016 0. 6 SE 12 16 2 060 0. 4 W 7 17 2 030 35 40 0. 6 NW 15 18 1 760 0. 7 S 15 19 1 980 0. 3 NW 15 20 1 768 27 33 0. 4 S 10 21 1 780 0. 5 S 10
4 : 517 2 3 2. 1 SPOT5,,, ;, 6, 9, 6 ( 1), 25. 82 m 25. 82 m;, ( DBH) 5 cm,, [ 13] ( ) : 5 cm ; 5. 0 7. 5 cm ; 7. 6 22. 5 cm ; 22. 5 cm 5 3 m 3 m, ; 1 1 m 1 m, 2. 2 [ 14-1 8] : ( 1) I = ( + + ) 100 /3 ( 2) I = ( + + ) 100 /3 ( 3) : S = s ( 4) Shannon-Wiener : H = - P i lnp i i = 1 ( 5) Simpson : s D = 1 - n i ( n i - 1) /N( N - 1) i = 1 ( 6) Pielou : E = H / lns ( 7) Sorenson : Sm =2a /( b + c) : N ; n i i ; P i = n i /N; S ; a 2, b c 2 3. 1 3 35 45 ( I 50. 1), 33 46 48 3 35, 232. 5 m 3 hm - 2, ( 19. 3 6. 5) m, ( 27. 3 10. 4) cm, 1 3 3,, 19. 3 m, 51%, ; 5 m, 15%, ( Quercus variabilis Blume. ) ( Q. franchetii Skan. ),,, 3 m ( ), 0. 1 2 m, 0% 30%, ( Mahonia lomariifolia Takeda) ( Vaccinium fragile Franch. ) ( Lyonia ovalifolia ( Wall. ) Drude) ( Lespedeza cuneata ( Dum. de Cours. ) G. Don) ( Rhododendron speciferum Franch. ) 0. 01 1. 00 m, 10% 90%, ( Arundinella anomala Stend. ) ( Schizachyrium delavayi ( Hack. ) A. Camus) ( Imperata cylindrical ( Linn. ) Beauv. ) ( Clinopodium repens ( D. Don ) Wall. ) ( Eupatorium adenophora Spreng. ) 2 :,, ( I 21),, ;, ( I 39. 2),,, 3 50 60 ( I 27. 7), 35 53 54 3 38, 319. 5 m 3 hm - 2, ( 19. 4 6. 4) m, ( 29. 5 13. 2) cm,
518 23 0. 7 3,, 20. 2 m, 90%,, 8 m, 22%, ( Cyclobalanopsis glaucoides Schott. ) ( Betula alnoides Hamilt. ) ( Castanopsis orthacantha Franch. ) ( Rhus chinensis Mill. ) ( Melia toosendan Sied. et Zucc. ), 0. 1 3. 5 m, 1% 70%, ( Myrsine africana L. ) ( Rhododendron moulmainense Hook. ) ( ) ( Berberis jamesiana Forrest et W. W. Smith) ( ) ( Osteomeles schwerinae Schneid. ) 0. 1 0. 7 m, 5% 70%, ( Achyranthes bidentata Blume. ) ( Arthraxon prionodes ( Steud. ) Dandy) ( Pteris cretica L. ) ( Microstegium ciliatum ( Trin. ) A. Camus) 2 :, ( I 20. 8),,,, ( ),, 2 ( ) ( ) 50. 1 78. 7 20. 7 10. 7 39. 2 29. 9 ( ) 26. 1 ( ) 28. 0 19. 4 30. 8 18. 5 28. 7 27. 7 20. 8 91. 0 20. 1 34. 2 ( ) 18. 7 ( ) 30. 4 29. 7 41. 3 20. 8 36. 7 3. 2 9 2 : 18 28 6 ( ( 5. 9 1. 4) m, ( 8. 7 2. 6) cm, 1) 42 45 3 ( ( 10. 4 6. 0) m, ( 15. 5 7. 1) cm, 1), 9 ( I 78. 7), 44 79 89,, 7 31. 5%, 10% 9 88, 51. 0 m 3 hm - 2 9 3, 18 28,, 5. 9 m, 54% ; 42 45, 12. 9 m, 29%,, 4. 9 m, 30%, 9 0. 1 3. 0 m, 1% 80%, ( Inula cappa DC. ) ( Osyris wightiana Wall. ex Wight) 0. 03 1. 50 m, 1% 80%, ( Themeda triandra Forsk. ) ( Ainsliaea yunnanensis Franch. ) 2 :, ( 18 28 ) ( 42 45 ), ( ),, 9,, ;,, ( I 30. 8)
4 : 519 3. 3 6 ( I 91. 0), 31 61 62 6 58, 93. 0 m 3 hm - 2, 2 : 27 33 3 ( ( 9. 3 0. 1) m, ( 12. 9 3. 0) cm, 1) 35 40 3 ( ( 13. 2 0. 1) m, ( 15. 1 5. 3) cm, 1) 6 3 ( 16 17 20,, ),, 11. 2 m, 48% 0. 1 1. 5 m, 0 % 60%, ( Cotoneaster microphyllus Wall. Lindl. ) 0. 05 2. 00 m, 10% ex 95%, ( Eulalia quadrinervis( Hack. ) O. Ktze) 2 :,, ( ),, ( 30 ),, ; ( I 41. 3) 3. 4, [ 19], [ 20 ] (, ),, 1 4 1 2 3 4 1 :,,,,, 2 : :,, ( ), ; ; : ( ),, ( 3),,,,, 4 :,,,,
520 23,,,, ;, 3. 5 ( ), [ 21],,, ( 18 60 ),, 35 ( ) ; 35 45 ; 45 ( ), 3 ( 3 5) 3 : 35 3 ( S), Shannon-Wiener ( H ) Simpson ( D) Pielou ( E) Shannon-Wiener, 4 : 35 45,,,,,,, 5 : 45,,,,,,,,,,,, 3 5, : > > ; Shannon-Wiener > > ( ) ; Simpson 3 5, : > > ;,,,,,,,, : > >, 3 35 ( ) S H D E S H D E S H D E 6 0. 275 0. 149 0. 262 23 1. 507 0. 684 0. 663 36 1. 767 0. 747 0. 733 1 0. 000 0. 000 0. 000 13 1. 372 0. 716 0. 803 27 2. 050 0. 828 0. 806 :, 4 35 45 S H D E S H D E S H D E 4 0. 786 0. 469 0. 669 15 1. 001 0. 475 0. 509 29 2. 110 0. 830 0. 799 1 0. 000 0. 000 0. 000 26 1. 745 0. 706 0. 668 42 2. 266 0. 859 0. 818 3 0. 056 0. 022 0. 081 12 1. 186 0. 561 0. 570 32 2. 101 0. 819 0. 773
4 : 521 5 45 ( ) S H D E S H D E S H D E 10 1. 398 0. 701 0. 736 25 2. 265 0. 866 0. 844 19 1. 731 0. 754 0. 728 1 0. 000 0. 000 0. 000 26 1. 745 0. 706 0. 668 42 2. 266 0. 859 0. 818 3. 6,,,, [ 22] Sorenson ( Sm) ( ),, ( ), ; 6 Sorenson 1 2 1 1 2 0. 294 1 0. 380 0. 308 1 0. 382 0. 310 0. 411 1 : 1 2 6 : ( Sm 0. 411), ; ( ) ( 0. 382) ; ( 0. 380) ; ( 0. 294), :, ;, ( ),,, ( ),, 4,,,,,,,,,,, ( Monochamus alternatus Hope),,,,,,, ( ( Tomicus piniperda L. ) ( T. minor Hartig), : > >,, > >,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,
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