NAME INDEX NUMBER CANDIDATE SIGNATURE DATE.. 312/1/ GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 JULY/AUGUST 2018 2 ¾ HOURS INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES. (a) Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above. (b) Answer all the questions in section A and question 6 is compulsory. In section B answer questions 6 and any two other. SECTION A. 1. a) What is a line of longitude? (2mks) b) What is the time at Moyale on 38 0 E when the time at Tema on prime meridian (o 0 ) is 1.00p.m? (3mks) 2. a) Name two theories of the origin of the Earth. (2mks) 1
b) Identify three layers of the earth s atmosphere. (3mks 3. a) Name the scale used to measure the magnitude of an earthquake. (1mk) b) List three causes of earthquakes. (3mks) 4. a) Identify three ways in which ice moves. (3mks) b) State three types of glacial moraines. (3mks) 5. a) State five factors that influence mass wasting. (5mks) 2
SECTION B. Answer question 6 and any other two in this section. 6. Study the map of Oyugis (1:50000) sheet 130/1 provided and answer the questions that follow. a) i) Show the latitudinal extent of the area covered by the map. (1mk) ii) Name two administrative district covered by the area shown in the map. (2mks) iii) Calculate the area east of the all-weather Kisii-kabondo road. (2mks) b) Draw a rectangle 16cm by 12 cm to represent the area enclosed by Easting 80 and 88 and the Northing 36 and 42. (1mk) On the rectangle mark and name the following features. i. Ombeck school (1mk) ii. Migori river (1mk) iii. iv. Secondary trigonometrical station (4946)(1Mk) Ragwe Hill (1mk) c) Citing evidence from the map give three types of crops grown in the area north of Northing 40. (3mks) 3
d) Describe the relief of the area covered by the map south of Northing 26. (4mks) e) Students from Ombek school carried out a field study on vegetation around their school. i. Using evidence from the map explain three factors that may have favored the growth of coffee in the eastern parts of the area covered by the map. (3mk) ii. Give three types of vegetation they would study in the area. (3mks) iii. What problems are they likely to experience in the area of study. (2mks) 7. a) i) Name three types of faults. (3mks) 4
ii) Apart from compressional forces, explain two other processes that may cause faulting. (4mks) b) i) With, the aid of a well labeled diagram, describe how a rift valley is formed by compressional forces. (6mks) ii) Explain three ways in which faulting may influence drainage system. (6mks) 5
c) Explain three ways in which faulting is of significance to human activities. (6mks) 8. a) i) Identify two processes through which wind erodes the earth s surface. (2mks) ii) Name two major deserts found in Africa. (2mks) b) The diagram below represents a barchan. Use it to answer b(i) 6
i) Name the feature marked. J.. (1Mk) K (1Mk) ii) Describe how the following features found in hot desert are formed. An oasis (5mks) A yardang (5mks) 7
c) You are supposed to carry out a field study of a semi-arid area in Kenya. i. State three ways through which you would prepare yourself for the field study. (3mks) ii. What information would you collect through observation that would indicate that the area is turning into a desert? (3mks) iii. State three measures you would recommend to be put in place to control desertification in the area. (3mks) 9. a) i) What is natural vegetation? (2mks) 8
ii) Identify the temperate grasslands found in the following countries..russia. (1mk) Argentina (1mk) Australia. (1mk) b) i) Describe the characteristics of the tropical rainforest. (8mks) 9
ii) Explain three ways in which the desert vegetation adopts to the environmental conditions of the region. (6mks) c) Explain three causes of the decline of the areas under forests in Kenya. (6mks) 10. a) i) What is micro-climate? (2mks) ii) State two negative effect of desertification. (2mks) 10
b) Draw a sketch map Africa and indicate the ocean currents. i. Benguela, Guinea, Agulhas/ Mozambique. (4mks) ii. State two effects of Benguela Current on the adjacent coastlands. (2mks) 11
c) Describe the characteristics of the Equatorial type of climate. (8mks) d) Explain how the following factors influence climate. i. Altitude. (4mks) ii. Distance from the sea. (3mks) 12