Course on Electrochemical nano-bio-sensing and Bio/CMOS interfaces 2. CMOS building blocks S.Carrara, EPFL Lausanne
The Motivation 00.000 $ (machinery).000 $ the single µ-array for DNA for Glucose 50 $ (machinery) 0.05 $ the single strip S.Carrara, EPFL Lausanne 2
The Motivation for DNA 0.08 $/mm 2the single on-board CMOS bio-chip S.Carrara, EPFL Lausanne 3
The Motivation The Development of Monitoring Point-of-Care Devices for personalized therapies is an important frontier challenge S.Carrara, EPFL Lausanne 4
CMOS/Sample interface The interface between the CMOS circuit and the bio-sample needs to be deeply investigated and organized S.Carrara, EPFL Lausanne 5
Examples of CMOS circuits for Nano-Bio Bio-sensing? DNA detection with ssdna as probes and Capacitance measurements. Metabolites detection with Enzymes as probes and Amperometric measurements S.Carrara, EPFL Lausanne 6
The Capacitance DNA Detection ct Applied voltage (e.g. <0) DNA molecules ELECTODE C dl C S A d ELECTODE S.Carrara, EPFL Lausanne Ions displacement Unlabeled ssdna may be detected with capacitance measurements as due to charge displacement 7
Nano-Tech to improve the DNA Detection The presence of EG monolayer totally prevent the solution ions in free contact with electrodes and results in the stronger reduction of standard deviations as well as in an improved nonspecific binding S.Carrara, EPFL Lausanne 8
The Metabolites Detection by Amperometric Measurements Glucose, or Lactate, or Glutamate, or Product Oxygen Hydrogen peroxide Oxidase 2e- Amperometric Detection!!!!! S.Carrara, EPFL Lausanne 9
Nano-tech to improve the Metabolites detection Improvements by Nanotechnology in Label-Free Diagnostics enhance Sensitivity and specificity S.Carrara, EPFL Lausanne 0
Carbon Nanotubes contribute to edox eactions Efficiency Nernst equation E = E 0 T nf Cottrell equation C ln C O ( 0, t) ( 0, t) andles-sevcik equation i(0, t) nfνd nfad T / 2 C(0, t)! i( x, t) = nfad π / 2 / 2 C( x, t) / 2 t
equired Blocks I = 0 = o oltage Follower W C Iw Current Amplifier 2
equired Building Blocks oltage Follower Analog Adder Analog Shifter Current Amplifier Analog MUX Analog Integrator CMOS Operational Amplifiers (OpAmp) 3
What s s an Op. Amp.? DIFFEENTIAL AMPLIFIE = G ( 0 0 ) - - G 0 i o 0 I i 0 f o ( L ) 4
Basic Configurations with Op. Amp. Comparator Inverter Amplifier Non-inverter Amplifier Analog Adder Analog Shifter Analog Integrator S.Carrara, EPFL Lausanne 5
A Comparator cc = G ( 0 0 ) if - > if < - -cc 0 0 if G 0 o = = o ± cc in o CC = CC G o 0 0 6
An Inverter Amplifier i I i = - Iin=0 o f f o I in If o f = = 0 I = I i = 0 G = f f 7
An Non-Inverter Amplifier I i - Iin=0 f I 0 I = in If o = = i I f i = o i f o = f i 8
A oltage Follower - f o i f = 0 = = o f i o i o i - 9
20 A weighted Analog Adder A weighted Analog Adder f f o I ) ( 3 = 2 2 2 2 = 3 I f = - 3 2 f 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 f o Iin=0
2 The The pure pure Analog Adder Analog Adder 2 o 2-2 2 2 2 2 o =
The Analog Shifter v(t) shift - = v( t) o 2 Shift 22
An Analog Integrator vi(t) i - Iin=0 C i in = if vo(t) 0 i ( t) = i ( t) f vi ( t) = i f ( t) = dq dt = Cdv o ( t) dt dvo ( t) dt = C v i ( t) 23
An Analog Integrator vi(t) - C vo(t) dvo( t) dt ( vi ( τ ) dτ C = vi ( t) v = o t) C t 0 24
Main Building Blocks oltage Follower Analog Adder Analog Shifter Current Amplifier Analog MUX Analog Integrator 25
An Analog MUX v(t) v2(t) a a 0 0 0 v(t) v2(t) 26
CMOS for edox I = 0 = o oltage Follower W C Iw Current Amplifier 27
The basic CMOS for edox - OLTAGE FOLLOWE in W C TANSIMPEDANCE AMPLIFIE - 28
Summary We can develop CMOS circuitry to detect DNA or metabolites by considering Capacitance or Amperometric Measurements To develop such CMOS circuitry we need to consider Analog building-blocks made by Operational Amplifiers Basic Configurations of Op. Amp. are highly useful to obtains this building-block A proper circuitry involving CMOS-FET, Op. Amp., and digital circuit may realize the Analog MUX S.Carrara, EPFL Lausanne 29