Name Biology Homework Chapter 5: The Cell Pages 115-133 Answer the questions with complete thoughts! Per. * Sections 5.1 through 5.3: Cells Are the Units of Life: Read pages 115 to 122 PART A: Define the terms. Cytology Microscope Prokaryotic cell Eukaryotic cell Organelle PART B: 1. In your own words explain this statement. Cells are the basic unit of life. 2. Define the terms and give an example of each: UNICELLULAR organism MULTICELLULAR organism 3. State the CELL THEORY. (2 main ideas) 4. Summarize the achievements of: a. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek b. Robert Hooke c. Schleiden and Schwann d. Rudolph Virchow 5. How have the use of stains and dyes helped biologist to understand the structure of the cell? 1
6. Draw and label the 3 basic regions of a cell, (cell membrane, cytoplasm & nuclear region) 7. Compare the Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes by writing yes or no below. Characteristic PROKARYOTES EUKARYOTES NUCLEUS DNA ORGANELLES* PRIMITIVE STRUCTURES (*)Present in almost all organisms PART C: 1. Read, study and know pages 115-122. Answer questions 3 through 5 in the CONCEPT REVIEW on page 122. Answer the questions in complete intelligent answers. Possible Essay: 1. At one time people believed that organisms could be formed spontaneously from nonliving matter. Evaluate (respond to) this belief in light of the cell theory. * Sections 5.4 and 5.5: Cell Structure: Read pages 122-124 PART A: Define the terms in your own words. Cell Wall Cytoplasm 2
PART B: 1. Label the parts of typical plant and animal cells. 3
2. Give two ways plant and animal cells are different. 3. Describe the FUNCTION of each of the following: NUCLEUS MITOCHONDRIA FLAGELLA LYSOSOMES RIBOSOMES VACUOLES CHLOROPLASTS CYTOSKELETON PLASTIDS PART C: Read, study and know pages 122-124. Answer questions 1 through 3 in the CONCEPT REVIEW on page 124. Answer the questions in complete intelligent answers. Possible Essays: 1. Between which cell types is the difference greater plant and animal cells, or between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? Give reasons to support your answer. 4
2. In mammals, cells that produce movement (e.g. muscle cells) are found to have many more mitochondria than do some other cells in the body. What might be the explanation for this observation? * Sections 5.6 and 5.7: Cell Functions: Read pages 124-127 PART A: Define the terms. Metabolism Diffusion Osmosis Plasma membrane (cell membrane) PART B: Refer to the demonstration performed by Ms. B for questions 1 and 2 below: 1. Make a prediction (hypothesis) about what you think will happen to the mass (grams) of the egg when placed in distilled water overnight. * Support your prediction with a scientific explanation and a colored drawing, and key below! Hint: use terms such as, diffusion and water concentration. You must record mass data too. Mass of egg before (g) Mass of egg after (g) Final Change in mass (g) NEXT DAY: 2. Following the Demonstration answer questions a and b below: a) Briefly explain why the egg mass changed the way it did when left in distilled water overnight. b) What do you think will happen to the egg mass if it were to be put into salt water overnight? Please include a drawing. 5
PART C: 1. Discuss how the cell membrane is like or (analogous to) a screen door. 2. Draw and label the cell membrane. Be sure to include: phospholipids, transport proteins, cholesterol molecules, and cell surface marker ID tags. (See Figure 5.12, page 127) * Sections 5.9 through 5.11: Read pages 128-132 PART A: Define the terms. Chromosomes Cell cycle Mitosis Cellular reproduction PART B: 1. How does the size of a cell affect the rate of diffusion? 2. What happens during INTERPHASE? 3. What must be duplicated (make copies of) before a cell can divide? Explain. 4. When a cell is not in INTERPHASE what phase must it be in? (See figure 5.14; page 128) 6
5. The nuclear division phase of the cell cycle is called MITOSIS, what are the names of its four stages? 6. What is the biological importance of cell division? 7. Give two unique characteristics of malignant tumors (cancer cells). PART C: 1. If a cell has 15 chromosomes in the nucleus during the G1 phase, how many chromosomes will it have during G2? 2. If a cell has 20 chromosomes in the nucleus at the end of the S phase, how many chromosomes did it have during the G1 phase? 3. If a cell has 30 chromosomes in the nucleus during the G1 phase, how many chromosomes will each of the two new daughter cells have? 4. How are the two daughter cells formed from mitosis similar to their parent cell? 7
MICROSCOPE LECTURE REVIEW 1. What are the five rules for proper microscope storage? 2. Describe the proper way to carry a microscope. 3. Explain why a microscope must be carried as described in #2. 4. Describe how to make a wet mount slide. 5. When should the coarse focus knob be used in adjusting a microscope? 6. When should the fine focus knob be used in adjusting a microscope? 7. What is the purpose of the diaphragm? 8. List all the steps involved when focusing on a specimen. 8
Label the parts of the microscope: 10. 9. 11b. 11c. 11a. 13. 12. 15. 14. 16. 18. 17. 9