Land Use / Land Cover Mapping in Eastern and Southern African Regions RCMRD Experience by 6/24/2013, Nairobi Kenya Dr. Tesfaye Korme Director of RS, GIS and Mapping, RCMRD
I. About RCMRD, Its Vision and Mission Etblihd i Established in 1975 Currently has 19 member States
Functional Structure of RCMRD Conference of Ministers Governing Council Technical Committee National Geo information Appointments, Promotion & Finance Committee Advisory Committee Remuneration Committee Office of the Director General Finance & Administration Office of the Deputy Director General Department Training Co ordination Section Finance Section Database Management, Archiving & Human Resources Management & Dissemination Section Administration Section Information Technology Support Section Project Co ordination and Quality Assurance Office Business Development & Marketing Office Internal Audit Remote Sensing, GIS and Mapping Department Environmental Management Early Warning Systems Photogrammetry GIS & Database Management Digital Mapping & Cartography Land Survey & Management Department Geodetic & Hydrographic Cadastral & Engineering Land Information Management Engineering Services
A. Advisory services Major Activities of RCMRD B. Training C. Servicing and Calibration of Mapping Equipment D. Project implementation E. Data and information Dissemination F. Research and Development e
A. Advisory services Development of National Policies and Strategies Geoinformation Standards Project Proposal Development and Implementation Strategies
B. Training i. Basic programmes Short term Training, Post Graduate Courses Workshops p and Seminars ii. Applied programmes Establishment of GNSS Geodetic networks Digital g Topographic p & Cadastral Databases Early warning and disaster management Water Resources Management Forestry mapping and inventory
C. Service and Calibration of Mapping Equipment Member State No. Of Replacement Instruments t Value Us $ Namibia 24 143,300.00 Botswana 48 204,600.00 Uganda 4 Country Malawi 23 160,000.00 Tanzania 32 240,400.00 Kenya 34 143,300.00 Total 177 1,011,600.00
D. Project implementation Environment Natural Resources Management Disaster Management Infrastructure and Service Provision Urban Mapping and Planning Good Governance
E. Data and Information Dissemination Discover Share Metadata authoring tools Community building tools Feedback mechanisms Reducing barriers to sharing Managed knowledge base Catalog services Directory services Notification services Browse & search function Web portal Acquire Ground receiving station Data acquisition services Data processing services Data archive Geodata services Visualization tools Decision support tools Forecasts and models Support for interoperability Support for product use Use / Create
F. Research and Development Rapid Land Cover Mapping Crop Yield Estimation Water Quality Monitoring Rift Valley Fever Forecasting Tsetse Spread Prediction Coral Reef Bleach Coral Reef Bleach Monitoring
Land use, indicates how people are using the land, Land cover, is the surface cover on the ground, whether vegetation, urban infrastructure, water, bare soil or other. Land use / Land Cover Map is: Is one of the fundamental datasets that are used by many sectors such as: Agriculture, Water, Forest, Environment, etc. Need to be produced at various scale for various applications i It is dynamic and need to be updated in a regular manner
Data: Tools: Medium Resolution E.g. MODIS, ENVISAT, etc High Resolution E.g. Landsat, CIBERS, IRS, etc Very High Resolution E.g. QuickBird, Aerial Photographs Field data for validation Processingg software, hardware and established land use land cover classes Knowledge/ skills : g / Data processing and interpretation knowledge Field data collection and validation knowledge
1. Global Scale: Globe Cover (ESA, JRC, et. al.) Land cover from MODIS 2. Regional Scale: Africover for eastern African countries 3. National Scale: Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, Sudan, Namibia, Zambia 4. Local or ecosystem scale: Mau, Loita, etc.
A. Global and Continental Mapping Initiatives
JRC coordinated effort for land cover mapping: Land cover must be measured, land availability & suitability calculated, trends and history of change established.
Measuring change Angola 2000 Angola 1975
Systematic sampling strategy (Global + National)
Cover change 50,000 km 2 of natural vegetation converted to agriculture every year since the 1970s 50% increase But population has doubled
Africover - Eastern Africa Module B. Regional Scale Mapping: Africover initiative: The only existing regional mapping project specifically set up to fill the identified gap of absence of baseline homogeneous information on natural resources at a detailed d level. l New approach: Multi-Purpose Africover Database for Environmental resources (MADE) What it is: a set of detailed/homogeneous land cover and environmental information that can be used by a large community of specific end-users. Why: because this database is functional to the new database management trends, it reduces costs and improves efficiency at local, national and regional levels.
Africover - Eastern Africa Module From the concept to the practical application: - a set of new dedicated tools is developed that are explained below- Land Cover Classification System (LCCS) is a new concept of land cover classification system that is flexible, able to describe any type of land cover feature in the world, at any scale or level of detail, in a standardized di d manner. It provides a common language to bridge users and existing systems. Africover Interpretation and Mapping System (AIMS) is a new concept of on-screen interpretation software that combines the advantages of the digital automated classification and traditional visual interpretation in a synergetic way. It improves the interactive use of ancillary data and any other type data.
Africover - Eastern Africa Module Project facts: Countries that are at present participating to the project: Egypt, Sudan, Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Eritrea Total project area: 8.5 millions km 2 Cost of the project per square Kilometre: 064USD/km 0.64 2 National Experts under training: 42 persons
Land Cover Mapping and Fish Landing sites mapping in Lake Victoria Basin For proper management and planning in the use of water resources
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D. Land Use land cover Mapping at local scales, RCMRD High Resolution Satellite images of Lake Naivasha area, Kenya Jan, 1986 Landsat TM Feb. 2009 (ASTER)
Land Use land cover Mapping RLCM ASTER image of Lake Naivasha area (2009) Two Classes: Cropped Non Cropped
Detailed Land use Land cover Maps, visual image interpretation
Forest boundary mapping and delineation, visual interpretation
Forest Cover Change Mapping, segmentation and supervised classification
Mau Forest, Kenya
Detection of forest cover change
Dt Detection ti of forest cover change
The path the Mau has come!
Land cover / land use changes along Mara basin (1973 2000) Land cover 1973 km 2 1986 km 2 2000 Chang % type km 2 e Forests 1008 893 689-319 -32 Tea/Open 621 1073 1948 +1327 +214 Forests Agricultural 826 1617 2504 +1678 +203 land Shrub land 5361 5105 3546-1815 -34 Grassland 2465 1621 1345-1120 -45 1973 1986 2000 Savannah 3163 2867 2354-809 -26 Wetlands 286 604 1394 +1108 +387 Water bodies 104 54 55-49 -47
Quantitative changes Land cover type 1973 km 2 1986 km 2 2000 km 2 Change % Forests 1008 893 689-319 -32 Tea/Open Forests 621 1073 1948 +1327 +214 Agricultural land 826 1617 2504 +1678 +203 Shrub land 5361 5105 3546-1815 -34 Grassland 2465 1621 1345-1120 -45 Savannah 3163 2867 2354-809 -26 Wetlands 286 604 1394 +1108 +387 Water bodies 104 54 55-49 -47
Natural Habitat and Protect areas management and conservation: Land cover change detection Biomass productivity reduction High resolution images (NDVI difference, Post classification) Fieldwork in selected areas to assess species extinction and identify invasive species L l i i Low resolution images (NDVI anomaly, LAI, VPI)
Resource & Pastoralist Mobility Mapping to Enhance Drought Risk Reduction in Northern Kenya and Southern Ethiopia Resources Map Resources Change Statistics Pastoralist Mobility Map
Funding: No enough budget is allocated for lu/lc mapping at national scale, It is not priority area for donor funding as well, Capacity : National institutions do not have the required technological capacity for processing large volume of data There are no sufficient Remote Sensing skills/ knowledge in the countries Validation: Is very a important and must do process, but, very expensive and challenging Institutional arrangements: Join efforts of different national and international ti institutions Methodology and guidelines: No clear methodology and standard for national lu/lc mapping
Funding: Create awareness at national, regional and international levels so that the necessary priority is given and funding is made available, Capacity : Short term term tailor made trainings are prepared and provided to mapping professionals in the countries, Efficient and effective data processing technologies need to be developed and made available, Clear standards, methodologies and guidelines need to be developed and made available for use, Validation: Share existing field validation data, Make enough resources available for systematic validation of global and continental products, Institutional arrangements: Join efforts of different national and international institutions Add on what is existing instead of repeating the same,
Hands On Training: Zambia Classification Scheme Development Workshops : Zambia Classification Scheme Development Workshops : Rwanda Classification Scheme Development Workshops: Malawi
Thank You, Contact Information: Director General RCMRD rcmrd@rcmrd.org 254 20 856 1775 254 20 856 0335 www.rcmrd.org