SCIENCE ALLIANCE Mandy mixes it up with States of Matter: Solids, Liquids, & Gases! by Carole Marsh 2008 Carole Marsh Permission is hereby granted to the individual purchaser or classroom teacher to reproduce materials in this book for non-commercial individual or classroom use only. Reproduction of these materials for an entire school or school system is strictly prohibited. Gallopade is proud to be a member of these educational organizations and associations. National Science Teachers Association The National School Supply and Equipment Association The National Council for the Social Studies American Booksellers Association American Library Association Managing Editor: Assistant Editor: Senior Editor: Cover Design: Content Design: Sherry Moss Michael Kelly Janice Baker Vicki DeJoy Clevell Harris, Vicki DeJoy International Reading Association National Association for Gifted Children Museum Store Association Association of Partners for Public Lands Association of Booksellers for Children Although most of the experiments in this book are regarded as low hazard, author and publisher expressly disclaim all liability for any occurrence, including, but not limited to, damage, injury or death which might arise as consequences of the use of any experiment(s) listed or described here. Therefore, you assume all the liability and use these experiments at your own risk. Author and publisher recommend that all experiments be performed under adult supervision. 1 Carole Marsh/Gallopade International www.gallopade.com Mandy mixes it it up up with States of of Matter
Mandy mixes it up with States of Matter Table of Contents Science Alliance Intro Page 4 A Word From the Author Page 5 Mandy mixes it up with States of Matter Page 6-7 What s the Matter? Page 8 As a Matter of Fact Page 9 Rock Solid! Page 10 Go With the Flow Page 11 What a Gas! Page 12 The Final Stage Page 13 It s Getting Hot in Here! Page 14 Cool It! Page 15 Skipping Steps! Page 16 Three in One! Page 17 Good Air Page 18 Gettin Fizzy With It Page 19 Do You Have What It Takes? Page 20 Tools and Equipment Page 21 Someday, I ll Have A Cool Job! Page 22 Can You Become an Inventor? Page 23 Discoveries in Matter Page 24 The Scientific Method Page 25 Science Fair Project Page 26-27 What Did I Learn? Page 28 Join the Science Alliance Page 29 Metric Conversions Page 30 Glossary Page 31 Answer Key Page 32 3
What s the Matter? Have you ever noticed how some things take up a lot more space than others? Is that because they matter more? No, it s because they have more matter! Matter is a substance, or object, that has mass, takes up space, and can be changed by energy. Everything around you is made up of matter. All matter is made up of atoms, which are too small to be seen with your eyes, or even a regular microscope. Mass is how much matter an object has. We measure mass in grams. More Matter Less Matter Does it Matter? WORD BANK atoms matter space mass grams Use the word bank to fill in the answers below. Some words may be used more than once. 1. What has mass, takes up space, and can be changed by energy? 2. The amount of matter an object has is called what? 3. We measure mass in what unit? 4. What is everything around us made of? That s a That s alot of Matter matter! 5. What do all objects take up? 6. All matter is made up of. 8
As a Matter of Fact Not all matter is the same. Matter is usually found in one of four ways: solids, liquids, gases, and plasmas. These are called the states of matter. Matter changes from one state to another state when energy, like temperature or pressure, is applied to it. Matter becomes more active as temperature increases, and less active as it decreases. Objects, or substances, can only move from one state of matter to another if energy is added or taken away. The movement of matter from state to state does not change the substance, just the physical state of the substance. Ice, water, and water vapor are still the same substance, just in different states. They re all water! I m Melting! Unscramble the letters below to find words associated with matter. Use the word bank if you need help. 1. taetmr e 2. ilodss s 3. iuilqsd u 4. saseg s 5. smlaspa p 6. upmetrteaer p e 7. spyichla y 9 WORD BANK plasmas gases liquids solids temperature physical matter
I want to be a rock star! Rock Solid! Have you ever tried to break a rock? It s not easy. That s because a rock is a solid. Identifying solid matter is easy. It s the only state of matter that is hard and holds its own shape. That s because the molecules in a solid are packed together. The closer they are packed, the harder the solid. Atoms in a solid do not move around much, unlike those in liquids and gases. They re stuck together in an orderly way! A solid can become a liquid by melting when heated. Or, it can become a gas through a process called sublimation. Solids can be stretchy, or elastic. Rubber bands are solids. A solid s shape can also be molded or changed. When a solid is made up of more than one substance, it s called a mixture. Most solids, like rocks, plastics, and glass, are mixtures. Crystals are solids made up of a pure substance that forms slowly over long periods of time. Can you think of any pure solids? Here s a hint: Women love to wear them, because they sparkle! Search for Solids! Find these solid words in the word search below. Z A C P U R E E Y R T H C L R X P O I N E G A L S O O C O S O L I D S I O N M D Q R H G A S O U A D W P E L Y A N T F T B N X K O S M D P E U R K E Y Q A U T A Z E L I Q U I D O B N O T M B I M X R J H P M D N T C H A R D A K F B A S E E B A A T E T V P N T S E R R R D T S B Q S M T Y S T A D C R Y S T A L S S W U Y B M A M I X T U R E WORD BANK solid matter shape hard gas liquid compounds pure mixture crystals 10