BIO 1114 Midterm Exam #2 (Chapters 34, 36, 30, 31, 32, 33, 39 & 41) Sample Questions 1. Which of the following plant structures would not need a large surface area to volume ratio? a. Leaves b. Roots c. Fruit 2. In plants, there frequently exists significant variation in structure from individual to individual of the same species when grown in different environmental conditions. For example, a shrub grown in water-logged soil will have a shallow root system, while the same species grown in dry soil will have a deep root system. This is an example of. a. pneumatophores b. phenotypic plasticity c. genetic variability 3. Thorns are modified plant. a. Stems b. Roots c. Stolons d. Leaves 4. Plants grow in length by cellular division at the. a. Procambium b. Ground meristem c. Protoderm d. Apical meristem 5. T or F. In the stem of a monocot, vascular bundles are arranged in a ring near the stem s perimeter. 6. Three elements make up vast majority of the dry weight of a plant. These elements are,, and. a. Carbon, nitrogen, and calcium b. Nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium c. Carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen d. Carbon, magnesium, and hydrogen 7. T or F. Some plant nutrients are found as ions in the soil. Cations dissolve and water and thus tend to be more available to plant roots than anions.
8. T or F. Some plants form symbiotic relationships with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, which live in structures on their roots called root nodules. 9. T or F. The diploid stage in the life cycle of a plant is called the gametophyte. 10. T or F. A perfect flower is one that has both petals and sepals. 11. If stamen-producing and carpel-producing flowers are located on separate plants, the species is said to be. a. Perfect b. Complete c. Monoecious d. Dioecious 12. How many sperm cells are produced by a single pollen grain? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 13. What part of a flower develops into the seed coat? a. petals b. sepals c. ovary d. ovule 14. Which type of fruit develops from a single flower containing many separate carpels? a. Simple fruit b. Aggregate fruit c. Multiple fruit d. Dry fruit 15. In dicot plants, the early root called the emerges first from a germinating seed. a. Coleoptiles b. Cotyledon c. Radicle d. Hypocotyls
16. Which of the following is/are characteristics of a sponge? a. Diploblastic, acoelomate, with radial symmetry b. Triploblastic, pseudocoelomate, with bilateral symmetry c. Multicellular and heterotrophic, but lack tissues and are asymmetrical d. Multicellular and heterotrophic, with radial symmetry and just one tissue layer 17. Which animal phylum is diploblastic? a. Cnidaria b. Porifera c. Platyhelminthes d. Annelida e. Nematoda 18. T or F. A body cavity is a fluid filled space surrounded by endoderm tissue. 19. Deuterostomes have, cleavage a. Spiral, indeterminate b. Spiral, determinate c. Radial, indeterminate d. Radial, determinate 20. T or F. Coelom formation in deuterostomes is enterocoelous. 21. How do deposit feeders obtain their food? a. They filter it from water b. They eat their way through a substrate c. They bite or chew plants d. They capture animals and consume them 22. Studies of the distal-less gene in fruit flies have indicated what about animal evolution? a. That all animal eyes are a genetic homology b. That animal eyes evolved separately in many different groups c. That all animal appendages are a genetic homology d. That animal appendages evolved separately in many different groups 23. What type of animal reproduction involves the female retaining eggs within her body, with the embryos being nourished by the egg yolk, not by the mother s body? a. Viviparous b. Oviparous c. Ovoviviparous 24. T or F. Lophotrochozoans and Ecdysozoans are two groups of Protostome animals.
25. T or F. Lophophores and trocophore larvae are found in all species of Lophotrochozoans. 26. Snails belong to which class of Molluscs? a. Bivalva b. Gastropoda c. Cephalopoda 27. T or F. Nematodes belong to the Ecdysozoans and are triploblastic and coelomate. 28. All members of Phylum Chordata possess four main structures. Which of the following is NOT one of those found in all Chordates? a. cranium b. notochord c. pharyngeal slits d. post anal tail e. dorsal hollow nerve cord 29. What is the main trait found in all vertebrates/ a. Backbone b. Cranium c. Jaws d. Four legs 30. Gnathostomes are vertebrates with. a. Heads b. Four legs c. Jaws d. Ossified endoskeletons 31. Which of the following animals are not amniotes? a. Reptiles b. Birds c. Mammals d. Amphibians 32. Which membrane within an amniotic egg functions in waste disposal and in respiration? a. Amnion b. Allantois c. Chorion d. Yolk sac
33. Which group of mammals has a placenta as well as a pouch, giving birth to small, immature young which then grow and develop inside the mother s pouch? a. Monotreme b. Marsupial c. Eutherian 34. A is a disease that rapidly affects large numbers of individuals over a widening area a. Pandemic b. Epidemic c. Virulent disease 35. Viruses are composed of genetic material surrounded by a protein coat called a. a. capsid b. envelope c. cell walls 36. T or F. All viruses undergo latent growth. 37. RNA s for viral capsid proteins or inner core of the virion are translated by ribosomes located where? a. In the virus itself b. Attached to the endoplasmic reticulum of the host cell c. In the host cell s cytoplasm 38. Some viral mrnas are translated into long polyproteins. Which viral enzyme cuts these polyproteins into small, functional proteins? a. RNA replicase b. Reverse transcriptase c. Protease d. Lysozyme 39. Which type of cells does the Human Immunodeficiency Virus specifically targe? a. B lymphocytes b. Monocytes c. Killer T cells d. Helper T cells 40. T or F. Scientists discovered that HIV enters its target cells by binding to a special receptor on these cells called CD4. 41. T or F. The worst pandemic in human history was the avian (bird) flu.
42. In side-blotched lizards, females have limited resources for reproduction, which they can use to produce large numbers of small eggs, medium numbers of medium-sized eggs, or small numbers of large eggs. Which strategy results in the highest fitness for females? a. Large numbers of small eggs b. Medium numbers of medium-sized eggs c. Small numbers of large eggs 43. Tendons and ligaments are examples of a. Dense connective tissue b. Loose connective tissue c. Supporting connective tissue d. Fluid connective tissue 44. In a neuron, the single long projection from the cell which transmits impulses away from the cell body is called the. a. Dendrite b. Synapse c. Axon d. Myelin sheath 45. Which type of muscle is mostly under voluntary control? a. Skeletal b. Cardiac c. Smooth d. Striated 46. T or F. On a per-gram basis, small animals have a higher basal metabolic rate than large animals. 47. Most animals regulate their internal chemical and physical body conditions to maintain homeostasis. Each controlled variable is monitored by throughout the body. a. Sensors b. Integrators c. Effectors d. Spy cameras 48. T or F. Homeostasis is maintained via negative feedback mechanisms.
49. Transfer of heat between two physical bodies in contact with each other is called a. Convection b. Radiation c. Evaporation d. Conduction 50. are animals that allow their bodies to vary in temperature depending on environmental conditions. a. Ectotherms b. Endotherms c. Homeotherms d. Heterotherms 51. Proteins are composed of 20 different amino acids. How many of these are essential, meaning the human body cannot synthesize them? a. 4 b. 8 c. 12 d. 18 52. are the only animals that chew their food and swallow distinct packets called boluses. a. Reptiles b. Birds c. Mammals d. Bony fish 53. Cichlid fish have diversified by specializing on specific foods. Part of their ability to adapt to eating different kinds of foods is a unique feeding structure they have. It is a. Two sets of teeth in the jaw b. An extra jaw located in the throat c. A crop d. A gizzard 54. In the human mouth, saliva is produced which contains the enzyme ; this enzyme begins the breakdown of carbohydrates. a. Lipase b. Pepsin c. Amylase d. Protease
55. The large, first chamber of a ruminant animal s stomach is called the, and it contains bacteria and protists that aid in the digestion of. a. Rumen; protein b. Rumen; cellulose c. Abomasum; protein d. Abomasum; cellulose KEY: 1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. F 6. C 7. F 8. T 9. F 10. F 11. D 12. B 13. D 14. B 15. C 16. C 17. A 18. F 19. C 20. T 21. B 22. C 23. C 24. T 25. F 26. B 27. F 28. A 29. B 30. C 31. D 32. B 33. B
34. B 35. A 36. F 37. C 38. C 39. D 40. T 41. F 42. B 43. A 44. C 45. A 46. T 47. A 48. T 49. D 50. D 51. B 52. C 53. B 54. C 55. B