D.C.H.S BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT NAT 5 Homework Booklet Unit 2 Multicellular Organisms 1
HOMEWORK 1- Cells, Tissues and Organs 1. (a) Multicellular organisms are composed of different types of cells which are specialised. Describe what this means and what process cells undergo to become specialised. Description (1) Name of process (1) (b) Complete the table to describe the function of some specialised cells in plants and animals. Name of specialised cell Found in plants or animals? Function of specialised cell Red blood cell Plants Animals Controls gas exchange by opening or closing stomata Transmit nerve impulses Root hair cell (c) Complete the sentences below (3) Cells that do the same job are grouped together to form. Examples include in animals and in plants. (3) (d) Which of the following shows the correct organisation in multicellular organisms? A Tissues Cells Organs B Cells Tissues Organs C Organs Cells Tissues D Cells Organs Tissues Correct answer (1) 2
HOMEWORK 2 Stems Cells & Meristems 1. (a) Name the type of cells which are undifferentiated and have the potential to turn into other cell types in plants and animals. (1) (b) (i) One source of these cells are from embryos. Describe one advantage and one disadvantage from using these undifferentiated cells from embryos. Advantage (1) Disadvantage (1) (ii) Apart from embyros, state one other source of these types of cells. (1) (c) Describe a potential use for these types of cells. (1) 2. The following statements refer to meristems. Which two statements are correct? and (1) 3
HOMEWORK 3 Brain & Nervous System 1. The diagram below shows part of the central nervous system (CNS) and a nerve to the heart. (a) (i) Name the two parts, shown in the diagram, which make up the central nervous system (CNS). 1. 2. (1) (ii) Name the area, shown, which controls heart rate. (1) (b) Reflex arcs may contain relay fibres. (i) Which structure sends impulses to the relay fibre? (1) (ii) What is the function of relay fibres in a reflex arc? (1) 2. Which label identifies correctly the part of the brain which controls balance? Correct answer (1) 4
HOMEWORK 4 Reflex Actions 1. The three types of neuron involved in the reflex arc for blinking are shown in the diagram below. (a) Name neurones P and Q. P Q (2) (b) Which labelled structure is the effector in this response? (1) (c) What is the function of a reflex action? (1) (d) The following stages occur in a reflex action. 1. The effector produces a response. 2. A sense organ is stimulated. 3. An impulse passes along a sensory neurone. 4. An impulse passes along a motor neurone. The correct order of the stages is (1) 5
HOMEWORK 5 Neurones & Reflex Arcs 1. (a) Different parts of the brain have different functions. Draw one line to link each part of the brain with its correct function. (2) (b) (i) The flow chart below shows the structures in a reflex arc. Complete the chart by inserting the names of missing neurones. (2) (ii) Describe a function of a reflex response. (1) 6
1. (a) What are hormones? HOMEWORK 6 - Hormones (1) (b) Which glands in the human body release hormones? (1) (c) Hormones stimulate particular target tissues. (i) How do hormones reach these target tissues? (1) (ii) How does the target tissue become stimulated by a hormone while other tissues remain unaffected? (1) 2. Use internet sources to complete the following table with examples of hormones in the human body, their site of production and their effect. Name of hormone Site of production Effect Pancreas Controls conversion of excess glucose into glycogen (stored in the liver) Growth hormone Stimulates growth during development Pituitary Controls the quantity of water reabsorbed into the blood from kidney tubules Testosterone (6) Thyroxin Controls rate of growth and development and controls metabolic rate 7
HOMEWORK 7 - Insulin 1. The diagram below shows a hormone, such as insulin, binding with its target cell. (a) (i) Explain why a hormone only works on its target cell. (1) (ii) Hormone messages travel slower than nerve messages. State one other difference between these messages. (1) (b) Diabetes is a condition in which the blood glucose level is not fully controlled by insulin. There are two types of diabetes. The table below shows information about both types. 8
HOMEWORK 8 Sex Cells & Fertilisation 1. (a) Complete the table below to show how many sets of chromosomes would be found in each cell in the human body. Cell Skin cell Liver cell Egg cell Number of sets of chromosomes (b) What term is used to describe a cell that has a double set of chromosomes? (3) (1) (c) Sex cells are described as being haploid. Describe what this means. (1) 2. (a) Complete the table below to show the sex cells in animals and plants and their sites of production. Organism Sex cell Male or Female Site of production Animals Egg Male Plants Ovary Pollen (4) (b) What term is used to describe sex cells in plants and animals? (1) 3. The diagram below shows the process of fertilisation. Cell R is A a zygote B a gamete C an ovule D an embryo Correct answer (1) 9
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HOMEWORK 9 Reproduction in Flowering Plants 1. (a) The diagram below shows a summary of events that occur during reproduction in a flowering plant. (i) Complete the diagram by entering the name of cell type R. (1) (ii) Which process in the diagram represents fertilisation? (1) (iii) Complete the following table by inserting a tick ( ) in the correct boxes to show which of the cells in the diagram have a double or single set of chromosomes. (b) Explain the need to produce cells with a single set of chromosomes in reproduction. (1) (2) 11
HOMEWORK 10 Variation & Inheritance 1. Sorghum is an important food crop in some parts of the world. The colour of the seed husk (coat) is controlled by a single gene. Purple husk colour (H) is dominant to tan husk colour (h). (a) A true breeding purple husk plant is crossed with a true breeding tan husk plant. (i) What other term is used in genetics to indicate true breeding? (ii) Complete the genotypes of the parental (P) generation below: (1) P purple X tan P genotypes (1) (iii) State the phenotype(s) of the F 1 plants. F 1 phenotype(s) (1) (b) An individual from the F 1 generation is crossed with a true breeding tan husk plant. (i) Complete the Punnett square to show the expected results of this cross. (2) (ii) State the expected phenotype ratio for the offspring of this cross. purple husk : tan husk (1) 12
HOMEWORK 11 Variation & Inheritance 1. Polydactyly is a condition which results in extra toes in mice. It is controlled by the dominant form of a gene (N). The normal phenotype is controlled by the recessive form (n). The diagram below shows a cross between two mice of different genotypes. (a) (i) Complete the diagram above to show the possible genotypes of the F 2 generation. (1) (ii) Give the phenotypes of each of the following mice: Parent 1 Parent 2 F 1 (2) (iii) What term is used to describe the type of variation shown by these phenotypes? (1) (b) Why are the actual phenotype ratios in the F 2 generation often different from the predicted ones? (1) 13
HOMEWORK 12 Pedigree Charts 1. Tongue-rolling is an inherited characteristic. The diagram below shows the pattern of its inheritance in one family. (a) (i) Using R for the dominant form of the gene and r for the recessive form, state the genotypes of: 1 Maureen 2 Jim 3 Kevin (2) (ii) If Rab and Fiona have a child, what are the chances of the child being able to roll its tongue? Space for calculation (1) (iii) Which of the original parents could be described as true breeding? Tick ( ) the correct box. (1) (iv) Name a tongue roller from the F 1 generation. (1) 14
HOMEWORK 13 Transport in Plants 1. There are four major groups of plants. Features used to identify members of each group include the presence of a transport system, the shape of their leaves and their method of reproduction. Flowering plants and the conifers reproduce using seeds. They both have transport systems but they differ in the shape of their leaves. Conifers have needle-like leaves whereas the leaves of flowering plants are either narrow or broad. Mosses don t have any true leaves or transport systems. Ferns have transport systems and feathery leaves but they reproduce using spores, as do the mosses. (a) Use the information above to complete the table about the plant groups. (3) (b) One type of transport system in plants carries water from the roots to the leaves. (i) Name the type of tissue involved in this transport system. (1) (ii) Apart from transporting water, state one other function of this tissue. (1) (iii) Describe a function of a different transport system in plants. (1) 15
HOMEWORK 14 Transport in Plants (2) 1. (a) The diagram represents phloem tissue from the stem of a plant. (i) Name Structure A and Cell B. Structure A Cell B (2) (ii) State the function of phloem. (1) (b) Name the leaf tissue where stomata are found. (1) (c) Name the cells which control the opening and closing of stomata. (1) (d) Xylem tissue, like phloem tissue, is involved in transporting substances in plants. (i) Describe one difference between xylem and phloem. (1) (ii) Name the substance used to strengthen xylem vessels. (1) 16
HOMEWORK 15 Heart & Circulation 1. The diagram below represents the human circulatory system. (a) (i) Draw arrows at P and Q to show the direction of blood flow in these vessels. (1) (ii) State whether the blood is oxygenated or deoxygenated in vessels P and Q. P Q (1) (b) Name heart chamber S and blood vessel R. Heart chamber S (1) Blood vessel R (1) (c) What is the function of the heart valves? (1) (d) Explain why a blocked coronary artery damages heart muscle. (1) 17
HOMEWORK 16 Blood Vessels & Blood 1. (a) Decide if each of the following statements about blood vessels is True of False, and tick ( ) the appropriate box. If the statement is False, write the correct word in the Correction box to replace the word(s) underlined in the statement. (b) The sentences below describe some of the functions of blood cells. Underline one option in each set of brackets to make the sentences correct. Oxygen is carried by red cells. white (3) It combines with haemoglobin to form oxyhaemoglobin at low (1) high oxygen levels. 2. The table below shows how altitude affects the percentage oxygen carried in blood. Use the data in the table to explain why a runner who lives at an altitude of 2800 metres would fatigue more quickly if racing in an event at 4700 metres. (2) 18
HOMEWORK 17 Lungs & Breathing 1. The diagram below shows some structures of the human lungs. (a) Complete the following flow chart to give the pathway of air from X to the alveoli by inserting the names of the structures labelled in the diagram. (2) (b) (i) Name the process by which oxygen moves from the lungs into the blood. (1) (ii) State two features of alveoli which allow efficient gas exchange. 1. 2. (2) 19
HOMEWORK 18 - Digestion 1. The diagram below shows the human digestive system. (a) Describe how the action of peristalsis moves food through the small intestine. (2) (b) Give two features of the small intestine which increases the rate of absorption. 1. 2. (2) 2. The diagram below shows the human alimentary canal. Peristalsis occurs in A B C D P only P and R only P, R and S only P, Q, R and S Correct answer (1) 1 20
HOMEWORK 19 Effects of Lifestyle Choice 1. Read the following passage and answer the questions based on it. (a) From the passage, identify three factors which contribute to the risk of heart disease. 1. 2. 3. (1) (b) Complete the table below to show the changes in death rates for the whole population and for the 35-54 age group. (2) 1 21
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