Report from Finland. Kirsti Kauristie Finnish Meteorological Institute

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1 Report from Finland Kirsti Kauristie Finnish Meteorological Institute IPT-SWeISS-2, Tokyo, Japan, May 2018

2 Current SWE activities Contributors: Universities Aalto Helsinki (UH) Oulu (UO) Turku (UTU) Research Institutes Finnish Met. Institute (FMI) National Land Survey Companies Space Systems Finland, ISAWARE, Reaktor Space Lab., KNL-systems On-going activities: Operational FMI 24/7 SW service Participation to ESA-SWE ESCs (UO,UTU,FMI) Science Modelling of solar radiation storms and CMEs (UTU, UH, Aalto) Global Solar-Terrestrial simulations (UH, FMI, Aalto) Long-term solar variability (OU, Aalto) GIC & Ionospheric Tomography (FMI, OU) Monitoring Extensive ground-based networks (FMI, OU) XFM-CS instrument for measuring solar X-rays (UH, ESA GSTP) Methodologies for deorbiting satellites Plasma brake (FMI, ESA CleanSat) 2

3 Operational services National 24/7 Space Weather service Contributions to the ESA SSA program 3

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5 Finnish Participation in ESA-SSA-ESCs FMI: GIC for power grids and pipelines, Regional auroral forecasts, support in high-latitude ionospheric scintillation measurements UTU, OU: Solar Energetic Particles, modelling and forecasts 5

6 Solar radiation storms Solar energetic particle (SEP) events: huge outbursts of particle radiation from the Sun Also known as solar radiation storms The most important source of of the ionising radiation on space missions outside the Earth s radiation belts. Strongest events detected even at ground level. Cause radiation damage in electronics and potential health risk to astronauts and aircrew. Produced in solar flares and coronal mass ejections. Finland: strong efforts in basic research, short-term forecast modelling and probabilistic modelling of radiation fluence over longer time periods. Research groups involved in : University of Turku: FP7/SEPServer, H2020/HESPERIA; ESA/SSA/R-ESC University of Helsinki: FP7/SEPServer, FP7/SPACECAST; ESA/IPRAM University of Oulu: FP7/NMDB, FP7/SEPServer; ESA/SSA/R-ESC

7 Geomagnetically induced currents Extreme geomagnetic storms can disturb power transmission in high-voltage power grids, in the worst case leading to blackouts. Within the FP7/EURISGIC project, European-wide GIC modelling was demonstrated. Presently, FMI models real-time GIC in North Europe within the ESA/SSA Geomagnetic Conditions Expert Service Centre

8 TomoScand IONOSPHERIC TOMOGRAPHY 3D reconstruction for ionospheric electron density (Ne) over Fennoscandia Input: GNSS and LEO/Beacon signals Bayesian statistical inversion 3D image of electron density

9 GUMICS 5 Towards operative space weather simulations Input: Solar wind measurement Output: MHD magnetosphere and ionospheric parameters. Possible end product: Numerical space weather forecast. Was run in real time during GOCE re-entry with ACE data. predicted satellite air drag variations due to ionospheric heating

10 Research activities Two Centres of Excellence supported by the Academy of Finland: ReSoLVE (2014-) ForeSail (2017-) 10

11 ReSoLVE: Long term solar variability 11

12 ForeSail Finnish Centre of Excellence in Research of Sustainable Space Joint effort of University of Helsinki, University of Oulu, Aalto, and Finnish Meteorological Institute Elements Nanosatellites, International satellite missions, high performance computing models New de-orbiting technologies IPT-SWeISS-2, Tokyo, Japan, May 2018

13 Predicting CME magnetic fields U. Helsinki Space Physics Teams develop data-driven advanced coupled modelling and observational techniques for predicting SWE relevant properties of Coronal Mass Ejections (with 1-4 day lead-times), the focus being on the CME s magnetic field structure. The results from our coronal modelling and analysis will be coupled to European heliospheric MHD model EUHFORIA (developed at KU Leuven and UH) to cover the whole Sun-Earth-chain UH s inner coronal data-driven model Heliospheric model EUHFORIA

14 Vlasiator Global space weather simulation in ion scales Protons: Distribution functions Beyond-fluid kinetic effects in the entire magnetosphere Extreme challenges 6-dimensional Runs in supercomputers with efficient parallelization Collaboration with EU supercomputing infrastructure Research Team of Prof. Minna Palmroth in U. Helsinki Ordinary space 40 R E -20 R E GUMICS v Distribution functions B 50 R E -70 R E Fields 3-D Velocity space

15 The plasma brake A novel space weather based method for deorbiting satellites (Janhunen, 2010). Based on electrostatic Coulomb drag acting on very thin charged tether, exerted by ionosphere. Very efficient: can bring down 800 kg satellite from 850 km orbit by 4 kg effectively passive device costing 100k (ESA CleanSat project final report, Janhunen et al., 2017). Very thin tether, safe to other satellites. New, nontrivial connection between space weather and the tracked debris satellite population! Plasma brake experiment payload of Aalto-1. Plasma brake module for 800 kg satellite.

16 Instrumentation Ground-based networks EISCAT and EISCAT_3D Cubesats and their instrumentation Contributions to the ESA SSA satellite programs 16

17 Ground-based SWE instrumentation MIRACLE & TomoScand: magnetometers, auroral cameras, ionospheric tomography receivers Oulu U & Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory instrumentation: Kaira radiotelescope, ionosonde, riometers, pulsation magnetometers, VLF receivers EISCAT and EISCAT_3D Space-based: Aalto CubeSat programme Radiation monitor (U. Turku) AM-radio (Aalto U.)

18 A new initiative A Consortium of nine European countries Created as response to ICAO call Audit in Feb 2018: Fully compliant with the ICAO requirements 18

19 Joint effort of nine European countries

20 The concept for operations Finnish Meteor. Institute Royal Netherlands Meteor. Institute UK MetOffice Solar Terrestrial Centre of Excellence (STCE, Belgium) German Aerospace Center Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia Solar (INGV, Italy) STCE Fredericks University (Cyprus) Seibersdorf Laboratories (Austria) STCE Space Research Center (Poland) INGV