Perceptions of severe weather warnings in Hong Kong
|
|
- Lisa Perkins
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Meteorol. Appl. 9, (2002) DOI: /S Perceptions of severe weather warnings in Hong Kong T F Wong and Y Y Yan, Department of Geography, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong In this study 320 people in Hong Kong were interviewed to assess their understanding and perception of severe weather warnings. The majority of the respondents (72%) received warnings from mass media. Although 99.4% of the interviewees claimed they knew all the warning signals, results indicate that most of them have only a basic understanding of what they mean. The study revealed that the warnings often lack other important information, such as the time of issue, validity period and precautions to be taken. Only 31% of the respondents stated they would take precautions at the issue of warnings, although people aged over 60 tended to be well prepared for the onset of severe weather. Public education is necessary to promote people s understanding of the warnings and awareness of the risks of severe weather. 1. Introduction The Hong Kong Observatory issues public warnings for tropical cyclones, thunderstorms and rainstorms when these storms are imminent. The accurate and appropriate issue of these warnings is essential to protect the public. Once severe weather is detected, the Central Forecasting Office is responsible for administering the warnings. In 1999, 95 thunderstorm and 27 rainstorm warnings were issued (Hong Kong Observatory 2000). There is no information currently available regarding the effectiveness of these severe weather warnings and the level of preparedness in the community, although research on this has been conducted elsewhere. For example, people s knowledge and response to severe thunderstorm and tornado warnings issued by the US National Weather Service have been assessed in Ohio by Wilson (1995), in Alabama by Liu et al. (1996) and in Arkansas by Balluz et al. (2000). Haque (1997) has studied the impact of tropical cyclone warnings in Bangladesh. The objectives of this study are to examine people s understanding and perceptions of severe weather warn- Table 1. Classification of tropical cyclones. ings and to scrutinise the precautions they take upon hearing them. 2. Severe weather warnings in Hong Kong 2.1 Tropical cyclone warning signals Tropical cyclones are classified according to the recommendation of the World Meteorological Organization by their maximum sustained wind speed near the centre. In Hong Kong, the classification is defined in terms of wind speed averaged over a period of 10 minutes (Table 1). The numbered signal system geared to the warning of wind conditions was first introduced in 1917, and was revised in 1931, 1956 and Table 2 presents the amended tropical cyclone warning signals that have been used since Signal number 1, the standby signal, indicates preliminary precautions are desired. All necessary precautions, such as securing loose objects and clearing gutters and drains, are required when signal number 3 is hoisted. With signal number 8, all precautions including bolting windows and doors, fixing adhesive tapes to large windowpanes and finding shelter, should be completed. Signal number 9 or 10 indicates that everyone should stay indoors (Hong Kong Observatory 1997a). Classification Tropical depression Tropical storm Severe tropical storm Typhoon Maximum 10-minute mean wind speed near the centre Up to 62 km/h 63 to 87 km/h 88 to 117 km/h 118 km/h or more These symbols, together with the numbered signals, appear as graphics in the corner of TV screens for the duration of a tropical cyclone. The weather station at Cheung Chau, an outlying island south-west of Hong Kong, is the only location where the symbols are physically hoisted and lights displayed at night. 377
2 T F Wong and Y Y Yan Table 2. Tropical cyclone warnings. Signal Display Meaning of the signal Symbol Lights Stand By 1 White A tropical cyclone is centred within about White 800 kilometres of Hong Kong and may later White affect Hong Kong. Strong Wind 3 Strong wind expected or blowing, with a White sustained speed of km/h and gusts which mayexceed 110 km/h. White Gale or storm expected or blowing, with a NW Ly Gale or Storm 8NW sustained wind speed of km/h from the quarter indicated and gusts which may exceed 180 km/h. SW Ly Gale or Storm 8SW White White NE Ly Gale or Storm 8NE White White SE Ly Gale or Storm 8SE White Increasing Gale or storm is increasing or expected to Gale or Storm 9 increase significantly in strength. Hurricane 10 Red Hurricane force wind expected or blowing with sustained speed reaching upwards from Red 118 km/h and with gusts that may exceed 220 kmw/h Figure 1. Severe weather warning symbols: (a) thunderstorm warning, (b) rainstorm warning (b-1: amber rainstorm warning (rain cloud is amber in colour), b-2: red rainstorm warning (rain cloud is red in colour), b-3: black rainstorm warning (rain cloud is black in colour)) 378
3 2.2 Thunderstorm warnings Thunderstorm warnings (Figure 1(a)) are issued to give short-term notice (4 hours or less) of the likelihood of thunderstorms affecting any part of Hong Kong. Initial warning may be extended if the thunderstorm is likely to persist or affect other part of the territory. When the thunderstorm warning is issued, people should avoid trees or masts, and high and exposed places which are likely to be struck by lightning. People should not touch water pipes, wire fences or similar metal installations. People on boats should watch out for the approach of swell and waterspouts (Hong Kong Observatory 1997c). 2.3 Rainstorm warnings Rainstorms often bring serious road flooding and traffic disruption. Rainstorm warnings were first introduced in 1992 and the system was revised in 1998 to include three levels of warnings: amber, red and black (Figure 1(b)). The amber rainstorm warning indicates that heavy rain (exceeding 30 mm an hour) has fallen or is expected to fall generally over Hong Kong. The warning alerts the public to the likelihood of flooding in lowlying and poorly drained areas (Hong Kong Observatory 1997b). The red rainstorm warning indicates that heavy rain (exceeding 50 mm an hour) has fallen or is expected to fall generally over Hong Kong and is likely to continue. Serious road flooding and traffic congestion are likely to occur. The black rainstorm signal denotes that very heavy rain (exceeding 70 mm an hour) has fallen or is expected to fall over Hong Kong, and is likely to continue. It indicates major disruption and inclement weather (Hong Kong Observatory 1997b). When the red or black rainstorm signal is issued, people should stay indoors or take shelter. Employees working outdoors should stop working and take shelter. People may take refuge in special temporary shelters set up by the Home Affairs Department. Employers are advised not to require their employees to go to work unless prior agreement on work arrangements during rainstorms has been made. Students should stay at home (Hong Kong Observatory 1997b). 3. Methods Using questionnaires, face-to-face interviews were conducted at eight Mass Transit Railway stations. This method has some advantages. Unlike a mail survey, respondents who are visually impaired or illiterate are Perceptions of severe weather warnings in Hong Kong included (Dixon & Leach 1984). Also, the amount of missing information is often less than that obtained from a self-administered questionnaire where respondents may skip those questions which they believe are irrelevant to them (Skeskin 1985). Forty interviewees were randomly selected at each of the eight stations, and a total of 320 interviewees were surveyed. To investigate the effectiveness of the severe weather warnings, interviewees were asked about their understanding of the symbols and the warnings, and the medium by which they first heard the warnings. To assess the level of preparedness, interviewees were asked about the precautions they took on hearing the warning. One score was given for each correct answer of the understanding of the warnings. A total score was then obtained for each respondent. The higher the score, the better their knowledge. Similarly, a score was given for each precaution taken. The higher the total score, the better the respondent s preparedness. Regression analysis using dummy variables was utilised to investigate the relationships of age and education with level of preparedness. 4. Results and discussion Of the 320 interviewees, 151 (47.2%) were females and 169 (52.8%) were males. Regarding the education of the respondents, 45 (14%) had no formal education, 74 (23%) had primary education, 150 (47%) had high school education and 51 (16%) had college education. Table 3 shows the number of respondents in various age groups. Twenty-eight (9%) were below 15 years, 247 (77%) were in the range years, and 45 (14%) were over 60 years. The age demographics shown in Table 3 were good indicators of people s perception of the warnings. 4.1 Effectiveness of the severe weather warnings Of 320 interviewees, 231 (72%) received warnings from the mass media, including television and radio broadcasting and newspapers, 67 (21%) learned from friends and relatives, 16 (5%) and 3 (1%) got the warning from internet and telephone inquiry services offered by the Observatory respectively. Another 3 (1%) respondents Table 3. Number of respondents in various age groups. Age group Number Percentage Below Over
4 T F Wong and Y Y Yan obtained the warning from other sources, such as fax and telex services provided by the Hong Kong Observatory. The results indicate that television and radio broadcasting is the most common means by which people receive the warnings. The severe weather warnings are disseminated effectively through various channels. The Hong Kong Observatory offers different services including telephone enquiry, fax and telex. The Observatory also has an excellent website so that people can obtain current weather information online. A total of 318 (99.4%) respondents declared that they knew the severe warning signals, and only 2 (0.6%) stated that they did not know any of the signals. The maximum and minimum scores for the knowledge of the severe weather warnings were 6.00 and 0.00 respectively, with a mean of 3.78 and standard deviation of These findings reveal that some respondents were ignorant of the warnings. Table 4 presents the number of respondents who provided answers to questions on the knowledge of severe weather warnings. Only 6% provided correct answers on the amount of rain expected during a black rainstorm warning, and only 8% knew the wind speed expected when tropical cyclone signal number 8 is issued. Although 94% of the interviewees knew there were three levels of rainstorm warnings, only 14% recognised the symbol of the least severe level. These results indicate that people have a basic knowledge but not a thorough understanding of the warnings. Weather bulletins, which provide general descriptions of the current weather, information on severe weather and weather forecasts for the Hong Kong area are broadcast only a couple of times each day on television, although more frequently on radio. The severe warning symbols appear only as graphics at the corner of TV screens during severe weather events. Although these graphic symbols are effective in conveying essential information, other important information such as the time of issue, validity period and precautions to be taken are missing. These extra pieces of information are vital if the warnings are to be effective (Anon. 1993; Salter et al. 1993), The colour coding used in rainstorm warnings can cause misunderstanding and confusion. Most people are unclear whether amber or red signifies the greater threat. Education is important to improve the public s understanding of the warnings. 4.2 Level of preparedness Only 31% (98) of respondents stated they would take some precautions when hearing of a severe weather warning, while 69% (222) would take no precautions. The maximum and minimum scores for precaution taken were 3.00 and 0.00 respectively, with a mean of 0.42 and standard deviation of The findings indicate that the respondents, on average, take minimal precautions. Tables 5 and 6 show the demographic information and preparedness of the 98 respondents who would take some level of precaution. Females were more likely to take precautions than males, and older age groups tended to take more precautions than the others. Most respondents would stock up on food and groceries and check the windows, while only four respondents would take other precautions, such as securing loose objects, removing flower pots from balconies, or going to shelters. A significant positive relationship was discovered between the number of precautions taken and the respondents aged over 60 (r=0.560, r 2 =0.313, p=0.005). This result reveals that the elderly were well prepared. Since most of them live alone, a high level of preparedness is necessary to compensate for the lack of help during severe weather. The significant high level of preparedness by respondents who had no formal education or only primary education (r=0.381, r 2 =0.145, p=0.000) indicates that they were more concerned Table 4. Knowledge of severe weather warnings. 380 Correct answer Wrong answer No. % No. % How many categories are there in tropical cyclone warnings? How many categories are there in tropical cyclone warning signal No. 8? How far (in km) the tropical cyclone from Hong Kong will the tropical cyclone warning signal No. 1 be issued? What is the windspeed when tropical cyclone warning signal No. 8 is hoisted? How many levels are there in the rainstorm warning? Which is the most severe level in the rainstorm warnings? Which is the least severe level in the rainstorm warnings? How much rain has fallen or is expected to fall over Hong Kong at the black rainstorm warning?
5 Perceptions of severe weather warnings in Hong Kong Table 5. Sex, age and education of respondents who would take precautions. Sex Number Percent Age Number Percent Education Number Percent Male Below No formal education Primary High school College Over Subtotal Female Below No formal education Primary High school College Over Subtotal Total Table 6. Precautions taken by respondents. Precautions Sex Number Age Number Education Number Stock up food Male 24 (17.8) Below 15 2 (1.5) No formal education 25 (18.5) Female 57 (42.2) (7.4) Primary 25 (18.5) (18.5) High school 26 (19.4) (11.1) College 5 (3.7) Over (21.5) Check windows Male 22 (16.3) Below 15 1 (0.7) No formal education 19 (14.1) Female 21 (15.6) (5.2) Primary 11 (8.2) (3.0) High school 13 (9.6) (4.5) College Over (18.5) Prevent flooding Male 2 (1.5) Below 15 No formal education 5 (3.7) Female 5 (3.7) (0.7) Primary 1 (0.7) High school 1 (0.7) College Over 60 6 (4.5) Others Male 3 (2.2) Below 15 No formal education 2 (1.5) Female 1 (0.7) (0.7) Primary 1 (0.7) High school 1 (0.7) College Over 60 3 (2.2) Total 135 (100.0) 135 (100.0) 135 (100.0) about the risk of loss during severe weather than others. Their lower socio-economic status would probably cause this behaviour. These findings reveal that the majority of the public are not aware of the risks of severe weather. Public education is crucial in promoting public awareness. Schools should be targeted to incorporate these themes across the curriculum. Mass media should also help disseminate these notions. 5. Summary Most people in Hong Kong have only a basic understanding of severe weather warnings and appropriate responses to them. To help increase the effectiveness of the warnings, the time of issue and validity period as well as the warning symbol itself could be showed on TV. The low percentage (31%) of interviewees taking precautions at the issue of the warnings indicates that people are not aware of the risks of severe weather. Public education is necessary to improve people s understanding of the warnings and awareness of the risks of severe weather. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Dr John Harrington at Kansas State University and an anonymous referee for their valuable comments and suggestions. 381
6 T F Wong and Y Y Yan References Anon. (1993) Guidelines for effective warnings: towards improved severe weather and flooding warning effectiveness. Macedon Digest 8: Balluz, L., Schieve, L., Holmes, T., Kiezak, S. & Malilay, J. (2000) Predictors for people s response to tornado warning: Arkansas, 1 March Disaster 24: Dixon, C. J. & Leach, B. E. (1984) Survey Research in Underdeveloped Countries. Geo Books, Norwich, UK. Haque, C. E. (1997) Atmospheric hazards preparedness in Bangladesh: a study of warning, adjustments and recovery from the April 1991 cyclone. Natural Hazards 16: Hong Kong Observatory (1997a) Hong Kong s Tropical Cyclone Warning Signals. Government Print, Hong Kong. Hong Kong Observatory (1997b) Rainstorm Warnings. Government Print, Hong Kong. Hong Kong Observatory (1997c) Thunderstorm Warnings. Government Print, Hong Kong. Hong Kong Observatory (2000) The Year s Weather, Government Print, Hong Kong. Liu, S., Quenemoen, L. E., Malilay, J., Noji, E., Sinks, T. & Mendlein, J. (1996) Assessment of a severe weather warning system and disaster preparedness, Calhoun County, Alabama, American Journal of Public Health 86: Salter, J., Bally, J., Elliot, J. & Packham, D. (1993) Vulnerability and warnings. Macedon Digest 8: 1 7. Skeskin, I. M. (1985) Survey Research for Geographers. Association of American Geographers, Washington DC. Wilson, B. C. (1995) An analysis of the public knowledge and perception of the National Weather Service s severe thunderstorm and tornado watches and warnings in Ohio. Unpubl. MA thesis, Ohio University. 382
While all thunderstorms are dangerous, the National Weather Service (NWS) defines a severe thunderstorm as one that:
While all thunderstorms are dangerous, the National Weather Service (NWS) defines a severe thunderstorm as one that: Produces hail at least three-quarters of an inch in diameter. Has winds of 58 miles
More informationGuidelines for School Closure Due to Adverse Weather or Other Conditions
Guidelines for School Closure Due to Adverse Weather or Other Conditions Hong Kong weather can be extreme and often unpredictable necessitating the need to modify our schedules on occasion. As always,
More informationSevere Thunderstorms
Severe Thunderstorms Severe Thunderstorms Explain that, while all thunderstorms are dangerous, the National Weather Service (NWS) defines a severe thunderstorm as one that: Display Slide Th-0 Produces
More informationSmart use of Geographic Information System (GIS) platform for delivering weather information and nowcasting services
Smart use of Geographic Information System (GIS) platform for delivering weather information and nowcasting services C. K. Pan Hong Kong Observatory Hong Kong, China It is a world of beauty Source: Image
More informationGeneral. High Winds. High winds are a common hazard in the UAE.
General guidance for employers and workers in inclement weather conditions Date: March 2017 OSHAD 2017 This document is and shall remain the property of OSHAD. The document may only be used for the purposes
More informationSouth African Weather Service. Description of Public Weather and Warning Services. Tshepho Ngobeni. 18 November 2013
South African Weather Service Description of Public Weather and Warning Services Tshepho Ngobeni 18 November 2013 SAWS-SWFDP_PRES_18-22_Nov_2013 1 Outline Forecasting Descriptions and Processes Severe
More informationHurricane Readiness for Coastal Communities
Hurricane Readiness for Participant Guide Developed for: Federal Emergency Management Agency Emergency Management Institute 16825 South Seton Avenue Emmitsburg, MD 21727-8998 Developed by: C² Technologies,
More informationNational Weather Service Morristown, Tennessee Lightning and Weather - What Every Trail Rider Needs to Know to Protect Themselves
National Weather Service Morristown, Tennessee Lightning and Weather - What Every Trail Rider Needs to Know to Protect Themselves by David Gaffin Senior Forecaster Lightning Nature s Awesome Power Lightning
More informationTORNADO PREPAREDNESS AND INFORMATION MANUAL
TORNADO PREPAREDNESS AND INFORMATION MANUAL What is a Tornado? A tornado is defined as a violently rotating column of air extending from a thunderstorm to the ground. The most violent tornadoes are capable
More informationSevere Weather Hazards Are Real
Severe Weather Hazards Are Real In the past 10 years, more than 40 people have died and dozens more injured as a result of weatherrelated events in Minnesota (not including motor vehicles.) The top severe
More informationInformation Reception: Decision Support Standards: Public Notification Plan: Protection Program: Education:
The National Weather Service (NWS) has implemented a voluntary recognition program to help large outdoor venues, including those on university campuses, better protect staff and patrons from the dangers
More informationEnd-To-End Approach in Early Warning: The Hong Kong Experience
End-To-End Approach in Early Warning: The Hong Kong Experience M.C. Wong Hong Kong Observatory Hong Kong, China A container vessel collided with the Star Ferry pier during the passage of Typhoon Hope in
More informationWhere Do Hurricanes Occur?
Where Do Hurricanes Occur? How Often Do Hurricanes Hit the U.S.? Hurricane Return Periods Hurricane return periods are the frequency at which a certain intensity of hurricane can be expected within a
More informationMaximizing the effectiveness and socio-economic benefits of weather products and services the Hong Kong Experience
Maximizing the effectiveness and socio-economic benefits of weather products and services the Hong Kong Experience Queenie C.C. Lam Scientific Officer Hong Kong Observatory Hong Kong, China Meeting of
More informationTHE IMPACT OF WEATHER
The United States is the most severe weather prone country in the world. Each year, people in this country cope with an average of 10,000 thunderstorms, 5,000 floods, 1,200 tornadoes and two landfalling
More informationNational Public Weather and Warning Services in the Swaziland Meteorological Service Dennis S.Mkhonta /
National Public Weather and Warning Services in the Swaziland Meteorological Service Dennis S.Mkhonta dennis.mkhonta@gmail.com / dennis@swazimet.gov.sz Introduction Swaziland s geographical position exposes
More informationSTATE OF WISCONSIN/ DEPARTMENT OF MILITARY AFFAIRS WISCONSIN EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT 2400 WRIGHT STREET P.O. BOX 7865 MADISON, WISCONSIN 53707-7865 608-242-3232 February 22, 2007 Re: Tornado and Severe Weather
More informationWMO Public Weather Services: Enhanced Communication Skills for Improved Service Delivery. by S.W. Muchemi (WMO)
WMO Public Weather Services: Enhanced Communication Skills for Improved Service Delivery by S.W. Muchemi (WMO) Functions of the Public Weather Services (PWS) programme of WMO To strengthen the capabilities
More informationGIS DISASTER MAPPING TO UPDATE WARNING SYSTEMS
POSTER SESSIONS 309 GIS DISASTER MAPPING TO UPDATE WARNING SYSTEMS UTEJ. DYMON DEPT. OF GEOGRAPHY KENT STATE UNIVERSITY KENT, OHIO 44242-0001, USA DYMON@HUMBOLDT.KENT.EDU FAX (216) 672-4304 ABSTRACT The
More informationHurricane Basics and Preparedness. Jim Weyman Director, Central Pacific Hurricane Center Phone Office:
Hurricane Basics and Preparedness Jim Weyman Director, Central Pacific Hurricane Center Phone Office: 973-5270 james.weyman@noaa.gov United States Hurricane/Typhoon Centers National Hurricane Center, Miami
More informationEmergency Action Guidelines for NH 4-H Animal Events
Emergency Action Guidelines for NH 4-H Animal Events Purpose: This plan outlines guidelines designed to help ensure NH 4-H Animal Events and Shows are prepared for emergencies and severe weather conditions.
More informationHurricanes. Environmental Geology Mr. Paul Lowrey. Stacey Singleton, Cassandra Combs, Dwight Stephenson, Matt Smithyman
Environmental Geology Mr. Paul Lowrey Stacey Singleton, Cassandra Combs, Dwight Stephenson, Matt Smithyman Hurricanes EMPACTS Project, Spring 2017 Northwest Arkansas Community College, Bentonville, AR
More informationThe Wind Hazard: Messaging the Wind Threat & Corresponding Potential Impacts
The Wind Hazard: Messaging the Wind Threat & Corresponding Potential Impacts Scott Spratt Warning Coordination Meteorologist NWS Melbourne, FL David Sharp Science & Operations Officer NWS Melbourne, FL
More informationSPEARFISH FIRE DEPARTMENT POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
SPEARFISH FIRE DEPARTMENT POLICIES AND PROCEDURES Page 1 of 5 Volume: Operation Section: 20.00 Number: 20.09 Subject: Weather Watches, Warnings, Advisory s and Spotter Activation Date Issued: 28 March
More informationModule 11: Meteorology Topic 6 Content: Severe Weather Notes
Severe weather can pose a risk to you and your property. Meteorologists monitor extreme weather to inform the public about dangerous atmospheric conditions. Thunderstorms, hurricanes, and tornadoes are
More informationState Of Wisconsin Department of Military Affairs
State Of Wisconsin Department of Military Affairs Division of Emergency Management Brian M. Satula Administrator Scott Walker Governor For more information contact: Tod Pritchard Office: 608-242-3324 Cell:
More informationQuick Response Report. Mobile Home Resident Preparedness and Response to Tornado Warnings: The 27 April 2011 Disaster in DeKalb, County, Alabama
Quick Response Report Mobile Home Resident Preparedness and Response to Tornado Warnings: The 27 April 2011 Disaster in DeKalb, County, Alabama Philip L. Chaney 1 Greg S. Weaver 2 Susan Youngblood 3 Kristin
More informationWhether you are driving or walking, if you come to a flooded road, Turn Around Don't Drown
Whether you are driving or walking, if you come to a flooded road, Turn Around Don't Drown You will not know the depth of the water nor will you know the condition of the road under the water. Many people
More informationUse of Climate information in Disaster Risk Management in Zimbabwe
Use of Climate information in Disaster Risk Management in Zimbabwe WMO Regional Technical Meeting & User/CONOPS Workshop, 28 th October 2015 Lameck Betera Department of Civil Protection Institutional Arrangements
More informationHurricanes and coastal storms pose a risk because powerful winds and storm surges can:
HURRICANES A hurricane is a violent area of low pressure forming in the tropical Atlantic Ocean from June to November. August and September are peak months. (Similar Western Pacific Ocean storms are called
More informationThe Nuts and Bolts of These Community Preparedness Recognition Programs
The Nuts and Bolts of These Community Preparedness Recognition Programs Bill Sammler Warning Coordination Meteorologist NOAA s National Weather Service, Wakefield VA http://weather.gov/akq Why is StormReady
More informationAlignments of Master of Disaster (MoD) Lessons for Grades K-2 with the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) X X X X X X X X X X
Alignments of Master of Disaster (MoD) Lessons for Grades K-2 with the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) Relevant Next Generation Science Standards Performance Expectations* MoD Lesson Purpose K-PS2-1
More informationTornadoes Module 2. - Tornado Watch -
1 2 - Tornado Watch - Issued by the National Weather Service when tornadoes are possible in an area Remain alert for approaching storms Remind family/employees of location of safest places Listen to the
More informationWMO. Key Elements of PWS and Effective EWS. Haleh Haleh Kootval Chief, PWS Programme
WMO Key Elements of PWS and Effective EWS Haleh Haleh Kootval Chief, PWS Programme Workshop Objectives This workshop is all about Service Delivery and becoming excellent at it through: Sharing experiences
More informationUse of big data, crowdsourcing and GIS in assessment of weather-related impact
Use of big data, crowdsourcing and GIS in assessment of weather-related impact HK (Photo courtesy : GFS) PAN Chi-kin, Hong Kong Observatory (Photo courtesy : Roy Liu/China Daily) November 2017, KMA/WMO
More informationA SOCIAL PERSPECTIVE OF WARN ON FORECAST: IDEAL TORNADO WARNING LEAD TIME AND THE GENERAL PUBLIC S PERCEPTIONS OF WEATHER RISKS ABSTRACT:
A SOCIAL PERSPECTIVE OF WARN ON FORECAST: IDEAL TORNADO WARNING LEAD TIME AND THE GENERAL PUBLIC S PERCEPTIONS OF WEATHER RISKS Stephanie Hoekstra 1, 2, Rachel Butterworth 3, Kim Klockow 4, Dr. Jerry Brotzge
More informationCAIRNS AIRPORT CYCLONE PLAN
CAIRNS AIRPORT CYCLONE PLAN Reference No: 2046 SO Version 5 25 th October 2017 2046_SO_CairnsAirportCyclonePlan_V5_Effectivedate_25/10/2017_Reviewdate_25/10/2018 Page 1 of 10 Document Control Reference
More informationBROWARD COLLEGE COMMUNITY & INCIDENT COMMAND TEAMS
BROWARD COLLEGE COMMUNITY & INCIDENT COMMAND TEAMS Types of Severe Weather Communications about Severe Weather Preparedness Actions Initial Response Actions Community & Incident Command Teams Severe Thunderstorms
More informationHurricane Matthew Threats and Impacts Briefing for Eastern NC
Hurricane Matthew Threats and Impacts Briefing for Eastern NC October 6 th, 2016 Date/Time Created: 10/6/2016, Noon EDT National Weather Service Newport/Morehead City, NC Hurricane Matthew Key Points Changes
More informationCAIRNS AIRPORT CYCLONE PLAN
CAIRNS AIRPORT CYCLONE PLAN Reference No: 2046 SO Version 5.1 6 th February 2018 2046_SO_CairnsCyclonePlan_V5.1_Effectivedate_06/02/2018_Reviewdate_06/02/2019 Page 1 of 10 Document Control Reference No
More informationKellett School; The British International School in Hong Kong
Kellett School; The British International School in Hong Kong Guidance for WEATHER WARNINGS The weather warning system 1. The Government has a weather warning system to provide advice to the public and
More informationHazardous Weather and Flooding Preparedness. Hazardous Weather and Flooding Preparedness
Hazardous Weather and Flooding Preparedness 1 A Cooperative Effort 2 Administrative Information Emergency exits and procedures Location of restrooms Mobile devices Procedure for questions Course materials
More informationInclement Weather Preparedness. Tornadoes and Severe Thunderstorms
Inclement Weather Preparedness Tornadoes and Severe Thunderstorms Let s find out How do we prepare ahead of time? What is the difference between a watch and a warning? What are the severe weather communications
More informationCommunicating uncertainty from short-term to seasonal forecasting
Communicating uncertainty from short-term to seasonal forecasting MAYBE NO YES Jay Trobec KELO-TV Sioux Falls, South Dakota USA TV weather in the US Most TV weather presenters have university degrees and
More informationIN VEHICLES: Do not try to outrun a tornado. Abandon your vehicle and hide in a nearby ditch or depression and cover your head.
TORNADO SAFETY TORNADO! The very word strikes fear in many people. While a tornado is perhaps nature's most destructive storm, deaths and injuries can be prevented. By following Tornado Safety Rules, lives
More informationMITIGATION OF THE IMPACT OF TORNADOES IN THE CANADIAN PRAIRIES
12th Annual Canadian Risk and Hazards Network Symposium Coast Plaza Hotel, Calgary, Alberta MITIGATION OF THE IMPACT OF TORNADOES IN THE CANADIAN PRAIRIES BY: SAMANTHI W. DURAGE (PhD) PROFESSOR S.C. WIRASINGHE
More informationCity of Punta Gorda Community Emergency Management Plan 2013
City of Punta Gorda Community Emergency Management Plan 2013 Hurricane Andrew- August 24, 1992 Category 5 hurricane. The second-most-destructive hurricane in U.S. history. The first named storm of the
More informationWind Events. Flooding Events. T-Storm Events. Awareness Alerts / Potential Alerts / Action Alerts / Immediate Action Alerts / Emergency Alerts.
Information Updated: February of 2016 Our Alert Terms Definitions * Use exactly as seen below * Wind Events Awareness Alert - Strong Winds Potential Alert - Damaging Winds ACTION Alert - Damaging Winds
More informationCommon Core Reading Passage
Directions: Please read the following Common Core Reading passage and answer the questions that follow. Common Core Reading Passage Forecasting Severe Weather to Communities Helps Them Prepare By Alissa
More informationSafety Issue: Types of weather emergencies and natural. Weather Emergencies
Overview Safety Issue: Rapid and effective response to weather emergencies and other natural disasters whether during or after work hours takes forethought and careful planning. Types of weather emergencies
More informationTornadoes. tornado: a violently rotating column of air
Tornadoes tornado: a violently rotating column of air Tornadoes What is the typical size of a tornado? What are typical wind speeds for a tornado? Five-stage life cycle of a tornado Dust Swirl Stage Tornado
More informationAPEC Training Course on QPE / QPF. Part A - Overview. Rainfall-Related Related Warning Systems Practiced by a NMHS
APEC Training Course on QPE / QPF Rainfall-Related Related Warning Systems Practiced by a NMHS Part A - Overview Linus H.Y. Yeung, Scientific Officer, Hong Kong Observatory 29 March 2012 Quezon City, Philippines
More informationNOAA s Lightning Safety Awareness Efforts What We ve Accomplished in 15 years
NOAA s Lightning Safety Awareness Efforts What We ve Accomplished in 15 years John S. Jensenius, Jr. National Weather Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Gray, Maine, USA John.Jensenius@noaa.gov
More informationThe WMO Tropical Cyclone Programme(TCP)
The WMO Tropical Cyclone Programme(TCP) Session 4: Insights into some WMO ProgrammeActivities to Support MHEWS at National, Regional and Global Levels UI-EAG MHEWS, 19-21 April 2016, Geneva Anne-Claire
More informationUniversity of Oklahoma Emergency Response Plan for INSERT EVENT NAME HERE.
University of Oklahoma Emergency Response Plan for INSERT EVENT NAME HERE. Time/Date of Event: INSERT BOTH START & END TIME/DATE HERE. Location of Event: LIST ALL LOCATIONS HERE OF EVENT, INCLUDING ADDRESS.
More information2013 Tornado and Severe Weather Awareness Drill
2013 Tornado and Severe Weather Awareness Drill Scheduled for Thursday April 18, 2013 The 2013 Tornado Drill will consist of a mock tornado watch and a mock tornado warning for all of Wisconsin. This is
More informationExercise Brunswick ALPHA 2018
ALPHA Exercise Brunswick ALPHA 2018 Who we are (our structure) What we do (our forecasts) How you can access the information Tropical cyclone information (basic) Overview of the products used for Exercise
More informationApproved by: A. Cherrie Epps, Ph.D., President and Chief Executive Officer
Page 1 of 5 Retired: Revised: Approved by: A. Cherrie Epps, Ph.D., President and Chief Executive Officer Subject: Office of General Counsel/Compliance - Inclement Weather and Emergency Closing Policy PURPOSE:
More informationHURRICANE SURVIVAL KIT
HURRICANE SURVIVAL KIT DEFINITION-A hurricane is a very vast and powerful storm that originates in the tropics of the Atlantic Ocean. They become hurricanes when the sustained winds associated with it
More informationDonna J. Kain, PhD and Catherine F. Smith, PhD East Carolina University
Risk Perceptions and Emergency Communication Effectiveness in Coastal Zones Preliminary Findings on Interpretations of Weather Related Messages and Maps Donna J. Kain, PhD (kaind@ecu.edu), and Catherine
More informationUnit 5: NWS Hazardous Weather Products. Hazardous Weather and Flooding Preparedness
Unit 5: NWS Hazardous Weather Products Objectives Describe the mission of the NWS Describe the basic organizational structure of the NWS Explain the purpose of various NWS products Explain how Probability
More informationThunderstorms. Stages in the development of a thunderstorm
Severe Weather Outcomes: S2-4-04 Explain the formation and dynamics of selected severe weather phenomena... S2-4-05 Collect, interpret, and analyze meteorological data related to a severe weather event.
More informationtornadoes in oklahoma Christi HAgen
tornadoes in oklahoma Christi HAgen 17 Introduction Tornadoes are some of the world s most severe phenomena. They can be miles long, with wind speeds over two hundred miles per hour, and can develop in
More informationExtreme Temperature Protocol in Middlesex-London
Clean Air Partnership Webinar March 17, 2009 Extreme Temperature Protocol in Middlesex-London Presented by Iqbal Kalsi, MBA, CPHI(C), CCEP iqbal.kalsi@mlhu.on.ca 1 History Informal monitoring, tracking
More informationWeather forecasts and warnings: Support for Impact based decision making
Weather forecasts and warnings: Support for Impact based decision making Gerry Murphy, Met Éireann www.met.ie An Era of Change Climate and weather is changing Societal vulnerability is increasing The nature
More informationCareful, Cyclones Can Blow You Away!
Title: Careful, Cyclones Can Blow You Away! (Meteorology) Grade(s): 6-8 Introduction: Most people associate twisters with tornadoes, but in fact tropical twisters come from hurricanes. Hurricanes are what
More informationHazard Warnings GE 4150 Natural Hazards September 17, 2007 http://www.sdr.gov/ndis_rev_oct27.pdf Sorensen, J.H. (2000) Hazard warning systems: Review of 20 years of progress. Natural Hazards Review, May,
More informationTropjcal Cyclone Warning and Response Mulipola A. Titimaea (ACEO-Met) Filomena Nelson (ACEO-Disaster Management
Tropjcal Cyclone Warning and Response Mulipola A. Titimaea (ACEO-Met) Filomena Nelson (ACEO-Disaster Management Overview Monitoring & Warnings Case study Tropical Cyclone Evans, 11-15 December 2012 Responses
More informationHurricanes and Coastal Storms
Hurricanes and Coastal Storms Hurricanes and Coastal Storms Display Slide Hu-0 What is the difference between a hurricane and a coastal storm? Allow the participants time to respond before displaying the
More informationIt is a nice day, and it will most likely remain a nice day. Heavy rains expected for three consecutive day. Severity: Class 01. Magnitute: 4.
It is a nice day, and it will most likely remain a nice day. Heavy rains expected for three consecutive day. Severity: Class 01 Magnitute: 4.4 Affected Region: 8510 km 2 Northern Senegal Strong winds.
More informationTable-Top Exercise for Emergency Preparedness Evaluation: Little Anse, Isle Madame
Table-Top Exercise for Emergency Preparedness Evaluation: Little Anse, Isle Madame Alexander Chung, M.Sc. Candidate C-Change Student Research Associate May 2013 The Community of Little Anse Coastal community
More informationNatural Disasters PASSAGE 5
PASSAGE 5 Name Directions: Read Natural Disasters. Then answer questions 1 8. Natural Disasters Our planet can be a calm place, but weather conditions often change rapidly. Gentle breezes can blow into
More informationTornadoes Student Activity Book
Tornadoes Student Activity Book I. Introduction Have you ever seen a tornado? Hopefully, it was in a video on television. Each year as many as 1000 tornadoes may occur in the United States. Their destruction
More informationMECANISMS FOR PRODUCTION AND DISSEMINATION OF WEATHER WARNING IN COMOROS. By MOHAMED Hamid NATIONAL METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE IN COMOROS
MECANISMS FOR PRODUCTION AND DISSEMINATION OF WEATHER WARNING IN COMOROS By MOHAMED Hamid NATIONAL METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE IN COMOROS PRETORIA, SOUTH AFRICA, 18 22 Novembre 2013 The Comoros Islands are
More informationA Review Of NOAA s Lightning Safety Awareness Campaign and It s Impact Across The United States
A Review Of NOAA s Lightning Safety Awareness Campaign and It s Impact Across The United States John Jensenius Warning Coordination Meteorologist National Weather Service, NOAA Gray, Maine Donna Franklin
More informationTornado Drill Exercise Plan (EXPLAN)
Tornado Drill Exercise Plan (EXPLAN) As part of the National Weather Service s (NWS) Severe Weather Preparedness Week in Indiana Purdue University March 19, 2019 As of Feb 19, 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction...
More informationWildfire Preparedness
Wildfire Preparedness Wildfires are common disasters that can spread quickly, especially during dry conditions. More than 100,000 wildfires clear 4-5 million acres of land in the US every year. Wildfires
More informationTORNADO/high winds *
TORNADO/high winds * WATCH Bring people inside. Secure outside objects. Clear window ledges & wall hangings Close drapes Protect windows Assemble and check supplies Call in applicable staff Pre-Storm:
More informationSevere Weather Watches, Advisories & Warnings
Severe Weather Watches, Advisories & Warnings Tornado Watch Issued by the Storm Prediction Center when conditions are favorable for the development of severe thunderstorms and tornadoes over a larger-scale
More informationSURVIVING THE STORM: A Severe Weather Safety Guide for West Texans
SURVIVING THE STORM: A Severe Weather Safety Guide for West Texans National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office Midland, Texas www.weather.gov/midland Fundamental Definitions WATCH Conditions are favorable
More informationTyphoon Preparation Tips
Typhoon Preparation Tips The Pacific Ocean can generate some of the most intense storms in the world, and Guam s location makes it a target for typhoons. Here are some ways you can make yourself typhoon-ready.
More informationStudy Guide. Earth Systems 1109 Weather Dynamics. Adult Basic Education Science. Prerequisites: Credit Value: 1
Adult Basic Education Science Weather Dynamics Study Guide Prerequisites: None Credit Value: 1 Text: Science 10 ; Ritter, Plumb, et al; Nelson, 2001. Earth Systems Concentration Earth Systems 3109A Earth
More informationCHAPTER 13 WEATHER ANALYSIS AND FORECASTING MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 13 WEATHER ANALYSIS AND FORECASTING MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. The atmosphere is a continuous fluid that envelops the globe, so that weather observation, analysis, and forecasting require international
More informationWeather Forecasting in Flood Forecasting Activities
Weather Forecasting in Flood Forecasting Activities Eugene Poolman South African Weather Service Representing CBS Pretoria South Africa FCAST PRES 20130919 001 Main Activities of CBS Development, implementation
More informationWeather. Weather Patterns
Weather Weather Patterns What do you think? Read the two statements below and decide whether you agree or disagree with them. Place an A in the Before column if you agree with the statement or a D if you
More informationCONTACT SAFETY PROGRAM MAY 2006
State of Nevada Mine Safety and Training Section Phone: 775-684-7085 Fax: 775-687-8259 Email: mines@dbi.state.nv.us Web: www.dirweb.state.nv.us/msts.htm CONTACT SAFETY PROGRAM MAY 2006 Lightning causes
More informationTropical Cyclone Isaac (AL092012)
Tropical Cyclone Isaac (AL092012) Event Briefing, Central Caribbean Impacts Caribbean Risk Managers Ltd Facility Supervisor 27 August 2012 Facility Supervisor: Caribbean Risk Managers Ltd Email: ccrif@ccrif.org
More informationProgress Report. Flood Hazard Mapping in Thailand
Progress Report Flood Hazard Mapping in Thailand Prepared By: Mr. PAITOON NAKTAE Chief of Safety Standard sub-beuro Disaster Prevention beuro Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation THAILAND E-mail:
More informationMark Fox Meteorologist NWS Fort Worth, TX
Mark Fox Meteorologist NWS Fort Worth, TX Mark Fox Meteorologist NWS Fort Worth, TX What does severe really mean? Heavy Rain? Hail? Flooding? Wind? Lightning? What does severe really mean? Photo: Mike
More informationExperience in service delivery through working with regional centres
Experience in service delivery through working with regional centres Mnikeli Ndabambi World Meteorological Organization (WMO) International Symposium on PWS Geneva, Switzerland, 03 05 December 2007 Miracles
More informationHurricanes 1. Thunderclouds. cool, dry air falls. warm, moist air rises
Hurricanes 1 Hurricanes are gigantic tropical storms that can be hundreds of kilometres wide. They bring along very strong winds and a lot of rainfall. They often cause flooding near the coasts and sea
More informationNational Report on Weather Forecasting Service
MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES AND METEOROLOGY DEPARTMENT OF METEOROLOGY, CAMBODIA National Report on Weather Forecasting Service Tokyo, 11-15 March 2014 Department of Meteorology, Cambodia Presentation Outline
More information3 Severe Weather. Critical Thinking
CHAPTER 2 3 Severe Weather SECTION Understanding Weather BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What are some types of severe weather? How can you stay
More informationWelcome to our Emergency Preparedness Activity Book!
Welcome to our Emergency Preparedness Activity Book! Having children understand the importance of emergency preparedness and coping with emergencies is a key element of emergency preparedness for families.
More informationVISIT MISSISSIPPI GULF COAST CRISIS COMMUNICATION MANUAL 2016
VISIT MISSISSIPPI GULF COAST CRISIS COMMUNICATION MANUAL 2016 This manual was prepared for Visit Mississippi Gulf Coast staff in the event of a crisis, and will help to distinguish the appropriate course
More informationWEATHER SYSTEMS IMPACTING THE CAYMAN ISLANDS Prepared by the staff of the Cayman Islands National Weather Service
WEATHER SYSTEMS IMPACTING THE CAYMAN ISLANDS 2008 Prepared by the staff of the Cayman Islands National Weather Service TROPICAL STORM DOLLY Formed 194 miles west of Grand Cayman July 19 th. The tropical
More informationAppendix F-1 Sample Lightning Preparedness Guide
Appendix F-1 Sample Lightning Preparedness Guide Lightning is the occurrence of a natural electric discharge of very short duration and high voltage between a cloud and the ground or within a cloud, accompanied
More informationOverview of Early Warning Systems and the role of National Meteorological and Hydrological Services
Overview of Early Warning Systems and the role of National Meteorological and Hydrological Services South Africa Second Experts Symposium on Multi-Hazard Early Warning Systems With focus on the Role of
More informationHurricanes form over warm ocean water.
KEY CONCEPT Low-pressure systems can become storms. BEFORE, you learned Moving air masses cause changes in weather A low-pressure system brings stormy weather NOW, you will learn How hurricanes develop
More information