Study of wind variability over Moscow city by sodar
|
|
- Jonas West
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science Study of wind variability over Moscow city by sodar To cite this article: V P Yushkov 2008 IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci View the article online for updates and enhancements. Related content - Wind profiles in Moscow city by the sodar data M A Lokoshchenko and E A Yavlyaeva - Use of sodar data for analysis of relationsbetween concentrations of minor atmospheric gases M A Lokoshchenko and N F Elansky - Mean wind field in the urban atmospheric boundary layer by sodar data V P Yushkov This content was downloaded from IP address on 12/02/2018 at 03:46
2 Study of wind variability over the Moscow city by sodar V P Yushkov Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills, Moscow, , Russia yushkov@phys.msu.ru Abstract. We used sodar data to obtain spatial, diurnal and seasonal variability of wind speed variances. Comparison of measurements at two sites in Moscow megalopolis and at the rural site (45 km from Moscow) was carried out. A good agreement between sodar and insitu measurements by ultrasonic anemometer in rural and urban observations was obtained. Variances of radial velocities measured at sodar inclined antennae were compared with vertical wind variance as well as with wind components variances by sonic data. Experience in measuring of meso-scale wind variability by averaged on short time intervals data is demonstrated. Measurement of other statistical characteristics like vertical wind variances is discussed. 1. Introduction Remote sensing instruments for monitoring of atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) allow collecting detailed statistics of wind variability in ABL for different heights, time intervals, seasons and observing sites [1]. This paper presents such statistics from continuous sodar measurements in Moscow megalopolis (more then 10 millions inhabitants). To estimate an impact of urban environment on atmospheric pollutants transport, heat and momentum fluxes not only detailed measurements in short field experiments but statistics for long time are also required. The feature of this statistics is meso-scale variability, beyond inertial interval. Till now processes between synoptic scale (tens kilometres and tens minutes) and inertial interval of isotropic and homogeneous turbulence (centimetres and seconds) is researched insufficiently, statistics at this scale is fragmentary in spite of numerous field experiments and routine measurements. Experimental studies of atmospheric turbulence usually use high-frequency measurements in steady and homogeneous conditions. In field experiments, if it is possible, a flat terrain is used and data are divided by thermal stratification. So, in urban environment and if monitoring instruments have limited ability, adaptation of theoretical models to practice require the experimental estimation of measurement correctness. Measurements which are carried out on buildings, near buildings, above buildings are not allowed by meteorological requirements so urban environment impact has to be investigated in experiments. 2. Instrumentation and measurement sites Our measurements are carried out by PC-based mono-static three-component sodars Latan-3 developed at the Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAPh) for scientific purposes [2]. Detailed description of measuring procedure and accuracy can be found in [3, 2]. Two sodars c 2008 IOP Publishing Ltd 1
3 Figure 1. Mean seasonal profiles of vertical velocity variance (σ 2 w) in centre of Moscow for measurements in are synchronously operated at two sites: at the IAPh building in Moscow downtown and at Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU) Physics Faculty building in the south-west district of Moscow. Continuous measurements are carried out since April Sodar in downtown is placed at the height of 13 m agl (about 195 m asl), in MSU sodar placed at 40 m agl. Distance between two sites is about 7 km. Mean height of Lenin Hills above Moscow River is about 70 m, however our measurements show that it has a matter because of layering of atmospheric flows. Common difference is same as difference in wind profiles and surface inversion thickness determined from echograms in our and earlier experiments [4]. Simultaneous measurements were carried out in rural area at Zvenigorod Scientific Station (ZSS of IAPh) in 45 km from Moscow in June Height range was chosen from 40 to 300 meters for data averaging and comparability in two urban and rural locations (at first level buildings influence is considerable). Vertical resolution of LATAN-3 is 20 meters. Carrying frequency is 1700 Hz, sounding frequency is 4x3 pulses per minute. Variances are calculated over 30 min intervals then means and distributions are computed for a long time (month, season, year). Daytime and night-time averaged data are also calculated. Night interval is from 0 to 6 hour of local standard time (LST) and day interval is from 10 to 16 hour. Data availability in series and at different height intervals is calculated as well as data control of rain and noise impact is carried out. It allows to control noisy environment and to make measuring in heavy traffic and rain conditions [3]. 2
4 Figure 2. Averaged diurnal course of σ 2 w at 3 heights: 50, 100 and 200 m for each season. Moscow downtown, Results 3.1. Vertical velocity variance Vertical velocity variance (σ 2 w) is most accurately measured by sodar characteristics of turbulent pulsations, however measurements of σ 2 w demand special equipment (not all commercial sodars Figure 3. Distribution of σ 2 w in summer and winter at 50, 150 and 250 m heights. Moscow downtown,
5 Figure 4. Mean summer profiles of σ 2 w at IAPh and MSU sites. Summer 2007 (June- August). can measure this value) and careful control of results [5]. Fig.1 shows seasonal means of σ 2 w profiles for each season in Moscow downtown. Data for 2007 year (December 2006-November 2007) averaged by 3 months are presented in this figure. Both all-data means and night-time daytime data are displayed. Main feature of variance profiles is considerable increasing of diurnal course in summer time. Minimum of diurnal course is observed in winter and autumn due to continuous cloudiness. Another feature of variance profiles is a weak variability with height above 150 m, i.e. main increase of σ 2 w is observed within sodar range and below. Similar results were demonstrated in Hanover measurements (Fig.5 in [6]). Averaged diurnal course for each season (about 90 values for seasonal means per one year) and its annual variability is presented in Fig.2. In summer time diurnal amplitude of σ 2 w in order of magnitude is larger then in winter. Distribution of wind velocity variance shows a synoptic variability of stratification. Fig. 3 demonstrates probability distributions (histograms) of σ 2 w at three heights (chosen by profiles varying): 50, 100 and 200 m. Histograms display occurrence of strong and weak stable conditions in night-time as well as strong and weak unstable stratification in daytime. Increase of wind variance with height and stabilization of its growing above 150 m are seen. Thus, statistical generalization presents common pattern of turbulence distribution in urban air Comparison of urban turbulence at two measurement sites Heterogeneity of turbulence within urban megalopolis is difficult to study, so a possibility of result extrapolation upon whole urban area demands careful investigation because of big city orography and heat island deform both mean flows and turbulence characteristics. Comparing of mean profiles of σ 2 w is shown in Fig. 4. Fig.5 demonstrates mean diurnal course of σ 2 w by measurements in Moscow downtown and at MSU site. Heights are shown from sodar placement level so height difference of IAPh and Physics Faculty buildings must be taken into account as well as MSU site elevation above Moscow River. An example of week course in Fig. 6 demonstrates this difference: at the left panel σ 2 w course at one height is displayed and at right panel - at different heights (with 100 m spread). Taking this difference into account accordance of diurnal course is good. 4
6 Figure 5. Averaged diurnal course of σ 2 w at 3 heights: 50, 150, and 250 at two urban sites. Summer Comparison of urban and rural measurements Comparison of wind velocity variance at urban and rural area plays a major role in estimation of influence of urban heating and urban roughness on turbulence in ABL. Fig.7 shows comparison of monthly averaged σ 2 w profiles (July 2005). Fig. 8 demonstrates averaged diurnal course at the same heights: 50,100 and 200 m. Similarity of diurnal course in the centre of Moscow and above rural area is surprised as urban heat flux and urban roughness are larger considerably. Example of week course of σ 2 w at 100 m at two sites illustrates this phenomenon in Fig. 9. Probably, wind variances and momentum flux as well as heat flux are more independent then in analytical relations due to synoptic and meso-scale variability Comparison of in-situ and sodar measurements in urban area Measurements of wind velocity variance by sodar LATAN-3 with in-situ ones were compared at MSU site to estimate wind and turbulence perturbations due to buildings in urban area. Figure 6. Week example of σ 2 w at downtown and MSU site at one (left) and at different (right) heights. 5
7 Figure 7. Monthly mean profiles of σ 2 w in Moscow downtown and at ZSS rural site for July Figure 8. Averaged diurnal course of σ 2 w at 3 heights in centre of Moscow and at rural site. Figure 9. Example of week course of σ 2 w at 100 m height in Moscow downtown and at ZSS site July
8 Ultrasonic anemometer (USA-1, Metek) was mounted at the mast, 10 m above roof level. Data analysis shows increase of mean vertical velocity for east wind direction due to influence of Physics Faculty building shape and also weak alteration of wind direction for north wind due to influence of Main MSU building. Comparison of σ 2 w measured by sodar at the lowest level (50 m) and in-situ one shows a key role of height above roof (10 m) and above ground level (+40 m) in data analysys Wind variances in inclined antennae. In-situ measurements in labs and field experiments show stability-dependent relations between longitudinal, transversal and vertical variances of velocity [7]. Measuring of vertical velocity variance by sodar is widely used and using of radial velocity variances by inclined antennae demand realization. Preliminary experiments were carried out to calculate a ratio of variance components by in-situ measurement in urban environment (at MSU site) and ratio of radial velocity variances by sodar measurement. Qualitative accordance between components of variances by in-situ and sodar measurements was detected. Fig. 10 illustrates these relations in a week series in summer-time. Upper panel shows sodar radial velocity variances calculated over 30 min intervals. Antennae 1 and 2 inclined to vertical at 30 and so (neglecting momentum flux) σ1 2 = 0.75σ2 w σu1 2 and σ2 2 = 0.75σ2 w σu2 2. Second panel shows variance of wind components (not components of variance). Stability-dependent relation between components is seen. Bottom panel shows wind velocity averaged over 5 minute at the lowest level to compare variances in inertial interval (sonic, 1 sec), at its border (sodar, 15 sec) and at meso-scale (300 sec) Meso-scale variability of horizontal wind Meso-scale variations of all wind components may be estimated by sodar measurements using averaging on short time intervals (3-5 minute). Open architecture of LATAN-3 allows varying of sounding parameters and of collected data processing. Three components of wind velocity vector averaged over 5 minutes (up to 20 measurements) were calculated. Then each variance components (longitudinal, transversal and vertical) for long time interval (60-90 minutes) may be studied as well as their vertical profiles, diurnal course and distributions. Fig. 11 demonstrates ability of such calculation and qualitative behaviour of horizontal wind variances. Two summer days of measurements by short series are shown in Fig. 11. Mesoscale and synoptic variability is seen. At high levels also data gap and poor data availability are present. Thus difficulties of direct measurement of meso-scale variations are remained but efforts in this direction continue. 4. Conclusion and outlook Ability to measure of vertical wind variances (σ 2 w) by sodar with high accuracy permits to study a diurnal variability of turbulence and its annual course and to collect a climatological statistics. Statistics of wind variance for a long time in continuous measurements earlier was not analysed. Joint efforts in long-term sodar measurements [6] will be continued. Main increasing with height of vertical wind velocity variance and total kinetic energy of turbulence (if TKE connected with σ 2 w by stability- dependent function) take place within the lowest m and so sodars will play a major role in ABL turbulence investigating. Main feature of turbulent exchange in ABL is diurnal course and its annual variations. Vertical velocity variance (and TKE) increases in summer days in 3-4 times to night ones. Diurnal amplitude (difference between day and night values) increases in order of magnitude towards winter value. 7
9 Figure 10. Comparison of sodar radial velocity variances (top panel), in-situ measured variances of wind components (middle) and variability of horizontal wind speed averaged over 5 minutes (bottom). MSU site, 1-8 July
10 Figure 11. Horizontal wind velocity averaged over 5 minutes at 2 levels: 100 and 300 m July 2007, Moscow downtown. X-axe shows LST. Probably, Moscow city isn t a fine example of turbulence variability in winter period. More significant diurnal amplitude may be obtained in South Europe cities or under breeze circulations, i.e. regional climatology of turbulence remains important area of research. Turbulence statistics demonstrates wide synoptic variability and confirms stabilization of turbulence above 150 meters. From 50 to 150 m distribution of variances show clear tendency, that can be analytically described. Wind velocity variance above 150 m in urban area is strongly varied, perhaps, due to influence of urban noise. Our experiments show that mean values of σ 2 w averaged for long interval as well as distributions are sensitive to noise filtration procedure. So, comparison of different methods of remote measuring of wind variances must be performed at heights where data availability decreases (above 200 meters). Important part of turbulence increasing takes place below the lowest measuring level by sodar, so for more detailed study of canopy and wake layers in urban area combination of remote and in-situ (at mast) measurement is actual (or using additionally of minisodar). Comparison of measurements in two urban points confirms major role of lower part of ABL in turbulence increase. Measurements at Physics Faculty building show that turbulence changing takes place below sodar bottom range. In-situ measurements at mast on the roof of building confirm this. Diurnal course of variance in MSU demonstrates main influence of unstable stratification on increase of σ 2 w with height. Comparison of diurnal course in IAPh and in MSU shows that increase of wind variance depends on stratification: in night-time variance in MSU increases faster. Comparison of urban and rural measurements demonstrates that diurnal variability in centre 9
11 of Moscow and at rural site in summer-time is very similar at least at 100 m height. Probably, roughness and heating differences manifest itself in canopy and wake layers below 100 m. Comparison of radial velocities variances on inclined antennae qualitatively confirms the ratio between longitudinal, transversal and vertical components, obtained in laboratories and field experiments over flat terrain. Method suggested in[8] allows calculating of both σ 2 w and TKE from inclined antennae measuring. Sodar Latan-3 permit to measure three components of wind velocity over short time intervals (3-5 minutes). Variability at this scale allows calculating of three components of meso-scale variance and their ratio; however, calculation must consider a rapid change of average velocity in synoptic processes, and decrease of data availability with height. Vertical velocity component is also convenient to measurement of autocorrelation time and spectrum, because of vertical velocity doesn t have a meso-scale (at tens minutes) variability. Wind velocity correlations between nearby pulses show variability at scale of tens seconds and spatial correlation between adjacent heights gives estimation of variability at scale of tens meters. Obtained data permit to calculate these characteristics. Acknowledgments Measurements in IAPh and at ZSS cite were carried out by Rostislav Kouznetsov, we thank him also for helpful discussion. We are grateful to M.A. Kallistratova for study initialization and numerous remarks. This work is supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research, projects nos , and References [1] Kallistratova M A and Coulter R L 2004 Application of sodars in the study nad monitoring of the environment Meteorol. Atmos. Physics [2] Kouznetsov R D 2006 The new PC-based sodar LATAN-3. Extended Abstr. 13th Int. Symp. On Advancement of Boundary Layer Remote Sensing(ISARS-2006), July 2006, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany [3] Yushkov V P, Kallistratova M A, Kuznetsov R D, Kurbatov G A and Kramar V F 2007 Experience in measuring the wind-velocity profile in an urban environment with a Doppler sodar Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics 43 No [4] Pekour M S and Kallistratova M A 1993 Study of the boundary layer over Moscow for air-pollution application Appl. Phys. B [5] Coulter R L and Kallistratova M A 2004 Two-decade progress in sodar techniques: a review of 11 ISARS proceedings Meteorol. Atmos. Physics [6] Emeis S, Baumann-Stanzer K, Piringer M, Kallistratova M, Kouznetsov R and Yushkov V 2007 Wind and turbulence in the urban boundary layer - analysis from acoustic remote sensing data and fit to analytical relations Meteorologische Zeitschrift 16 No [7] Kouznetsov R D, Kramar V F, Beyrich F and Engelbart D 2004 SODAR-Based Estimation of TKE and Momentum Flux Profiles in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer: Test of a Parameterization Model Meteorol.Atmos. Phys [8] Kouznetsov R D 2003 Estimates of Vertical Turbulence Structure by Sodar in the Urban Air Proceedings of 5th International Conference on Urban Climate, Lodz, Poland
DOPPLER SODAR MEASUREMENTS OF VERTICAL WIND VELOCITY
Russian Meteorology and Hydrology No. 7, pp. 28-36, 2003 Meleorologiya i Gidrologiya UDC 551.558:551.501.796 DOPPLER SODAR MEASUREMENTS OF VERTICAL WIND VELOCITY M. A. Lokoshchenko*, V. G. Perepyolkin**,
More informationRemote sensing of meteorological conditions at airports for air quality issues
Remote sensing of meteorological conditions at airports for air quality issues Stefan Emeis, Klaus Schäfer Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU) Forschungszentrum
More informationABSTRACT INTRODUCTION
Application of a non-hydrostatic mesoscale meteorological model to the Aveiro Region, Portugal M. Coutinho," T. Flassak,* C. Borrego" ^Department of Environmental and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3800
More informationURBAN HEAT ISLAND IN SEOUL
URBAN HEAT ISLAND IN SEOUL Jong-Jin Baik *, Yeon-Hee Kim ** *Seoul National University; ** Meteorological Research Institute/KMA, Korea Abstract The spatial and temporal structure of the urban heat island
More informationRadio Acoustic Sounding in Urban Meteorological Observations
AUGUST 2002 AKAI ET AL. 1193 Radio Acoustic Sounding in Urban Meteorological Observations YUKIO AKAI, TAKAO KANZAKI, AKIRO SHIMOTA, AND YOICHI ICHIKAWA Atmospheric Science Department, Central Research
More informationInvestigating the urban climate characteristics of two Hungarian cities with SURFEX/TEB land surface model
Investigating the urban climate characteristics of two Hungarian cities with SURFEX/TEB land surface model Gabriella Zsebeházi Gabriella Zsebeházi and Gabriella Szépszó Hungarian Meteorological Service,
More informationCharacteristics of the night and day time atmospheric boundary layer at Dome C, Antarctica
Characteristics of the night and day time atmospheric boundary layer at Dome C, Antarctica S. Argentini, I. Pietroni,G. Mastrantonio, A. Viola, S. Zilitinchevich ISAC-CNR Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100,
More informationANNUAL SPATIO-TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF TOULOUSE URBAN HEAT ISLAND. Grégoire Pigeon* and Valéry Masson CNRM-GAME, Météo France-CNRS, Toulouse, France
J12.4A ANNUAL SPATIO-TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF TOULOUSE URBAN HEAT ISLAND Grégoire Pigeon* and Valéry Masson CNRM-GAME, Météo France-CNRS, Toulouse, France 1 INTRODUCTION The urban heat island (UHI) has
More informationAnnex I to Target Area Assessments
Baltic Challenges and Chances for local and regional development generated by Climate Change Annex I to Target Area Assessments Climate Change Support Material (Climate Change Scenarios) SWEDEN September
More informationEnvironmental Fluid Dynamics
Environmental Fluid Dynamics ME EN 7710 Spring 2015 Instructor: E.R. Pardyjak University of Utah Department of Mechanical Engineering Definitions Environmental Fluid Mechanics principles that govern transport,
More informationModeling Study of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Characteristics in Industrial City by the Example of Chelyabinsk
Modeling Study of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Characteristics in Industrial City by the Example of Chelyabinsk 1. Introduction Lenskaya Olga Yu.*, Sanjar M. Abdullaev* *South Ural State University Urbanization
More information5.07 THE CALCULATED MIXING HEIGHT IN COMPARISON WITH THE MEASURED DATA
5.7 THE CALCULATED MIXING HEIGHT IN COMPARISON WITH THE MEASURED DATA J. Burzynski, J. Godłowska, A. M. Tomaszewska, J. Walczewski Institute of Meteorology and Water Management Division for Remote Sensing
More informationClimatic changes in the troposphere, stratosphere and lower mesosphere in
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science PAPER OPEN ACCESS Climatic changes in the troposphere, stratosphere and lower mesosphere in 1979-2016 To cite this article: Y P Perevedentsev et al
More informationMODELING AND MEASUREMENTS OF THE ABL IN SOFIA, BULGARIA
MODELING AND MEASUREMENTS OF THE ABL IN SOFIA, BULGARIA P58 Ekaterina Batchvarova*, **, Enrico Pisoni***, Giovanna Finzi***, Sven-Erik Gryning** *National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology, Sofia,
More informationCreating Meteorology for CMAQ
Creating Meteorology for CMAQ Tanya L. Otte* Atmospheric Sciences Modeling Division NOAA Air Resources Laboratory Research Triangle Park, NC * On assignment to the National Exposure Research Laboratory,
More informationUrban heat island in the metropolitan area of São Paulo and the influence of warm and dry air masses during summer
Urban heat island in the metropolitan area of São Paulo and the influence of warm and dry air masses during summer Flavia N. D. Ribeiro1, Arissa S. umezaki1, Jhonathan F. T. de Souza1, Jacyra Soares2,
More informationStatistic analysis of acoustic noise in the industrial and living areas
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering PAPER OPEN ACCESS Statistic analysis of acoustic noise in the industrial and living areas To cite this article: I N Kirillov and V V Bulkin 2015
More informationMesoscale models for urban air quality research with high resolution
This work is supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, grant N 7-5-11265 1126 Mesoscale models for urban air uality research with high resolution Starchenko Alexander V., Bart A.A., Belikov
More informationA Note on the Estimation of Eddy Diffusivity and Dissipation Length in Low Winds over a Tropical Urban Terrain
Pure appl. geophys. 160 (2003) 395 404 0033 4553/03/020395 10 Ó Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, 2003 Pure and Applied Geophysics A Note on the Estimation of Eddy Diffusivity and Dissipation Length in Low Winds
More informationThe Atmospheric Boundary Layer. The Surface Energy Balance (9.2)
The Atmospheric Boundary Layer Turbulence (9.1) The Surface Energy Balance (9.2) Vertical Structure (9.3) Evolution (9.4) Special Effects (9.5) The Boundary Layer in Context (9.6) Fair Weather over Land
More informationMESOSCALE MODELLING OVER AREAS CONTAINING HEAT ISLANDS. Marke Hongisto Finnish Meteorological Institute, P.O.Box 503, Helsinki
MESOSCALE MODELLING OVER AREAS CONTAINING HEAT ISLANDS Marke Hongisto Finnish Meteorological Institute, P.O.Box 503, 00101 Helsinki INTRODUCTION Urban heat islands have been suspected as being partially
More informationWind Assessment & Forecasting
Wind Assessment & Forecasting GCEP Energy Workshop Stanford University April 26, 2004 Mark Ahlstrom CEO, WindLogics Inc. mark@windlogics.com WindLogics Background Founders from supercomputing industry
More informationLow-Level Jets in the Moscow Region in Summer and Winter Observed with a Sodar Network
Boundary-Layer Meteorol (212) 143:159 175 DOI 1.17/s1546-11-9639-8 ARTICLE Low-Level Jets in the Moscow Region in Summer and Winter Observed with a Sodar Network Margarita A. Kallistratova Rostislav D.
More informationA RADAR-BASED CLIMATOLOGY OF HIGH PRECIPITATION EVENTS IN THE EUROPEAN ALPS:
2.6 A RADAR-BASED CLIMATOLOGY OF HIGH PRECIPITATION EVENTS IN THE EUROPEAN ALPS: 2000-2007 James V. Rudolph*, K. Friedrich, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder,
More informationM. Mielke et al. C5816
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 14, C5816 C5827, 2014 www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/14/c5816/2014/ Author(s) 2014. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribute 3.0 License. Atmospheric
More informationGURME The WMO GAW Urban Research Meteorological and Environmental Project
GURME The WMO GAW Urban Research Meteorological and Environmental Project BEIJING PILOT PROJECT: THE STUDY OF MECHANISM ON ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION IN CAPITAL BEIJING. GURME Air pollution macroscopic
More informationREMOTE SENSING SYSTEM FOR URBAN HEAT ISLAND STUDY
REMOTE SENSING SYSTEM FOR URBAN HEAT ISLAND STUDY Ivanov A., Kadygrov E., Miller E. Central Aerological Observatory, Federal Service of Russia for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring 3 Pervomayskaya
More informationAbstract. 1 Introduction
Nested dispersion simulation over the Lisbon region R. Kunz,* M. Coutinho,^ C. Borrego^ N. Moussiopoulos' "Institute for Technical Thermodynamics, University of Karlsruhe, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany ^Department
More informationObukhov Length Computation using simple measurements from weather stations and AXYS Wind Sentinel Buoys
Obukhov Length Computation using simple measurements from weather stations and AXYS Wind Sentinel Buoys Peter Taylor, Daniel Laroche, Zheng-Qi Wang and Robert McLaren : York University WWOSC, Montreal,
More informationThe New York City Urban Atmospheric Observatory An Overview
The New York City Urban Atmospheric Observatory An Overview 84th Annual Meeting of the American Meteorological Society, Special Session on Urban Meteorology 11 Jan 2004 R. Michael Reynolds Brookhaven National
More information3.12 A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DISSIPATION RATES IN URBAN AND SUBURBAN ENVIRONMENTS USING SODAR DATA
3.1 A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DISSIPATION RATES IN URBAN AND SUBURBAN ENVIRONMENTS USING SODAR DATA Abstract Richard L. Coulter, Mikhail S. Pekour, and Timothy J. Martin Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne,
More informationNorthern New England Climate: Past, Present, and Future. Basic Concepts
Northern New England Climate: Past, Present, and Future Basic Concepts Weather instantaneous or synoptic measurements Climate time / space average Weather - the state of the air and atmosphere at a particular
More informationWindcube TM Pulsed lidar wind profiler Overview of more than 2 years of field experience J.P.Cariou, R. Parmentier, M. Boquet, L.
Windcube TM Pulsed lidar wind profiler Overview of more than 2 years of field experience J.P.Cariou, R. Parmentier, M. Boquet, L.Sauvage 15 th Coherent Laser Radar Conference Toulouse, France 25/06/2009
More informationModeling Study of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Characteristics in Industrial City by the Example of Chelyabinsk
Modeling Study of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Characteristics in Industrial City by the Example of Chelyabinsk Lenskaya Olga Yu.*, Sanjar M. Abdullaev South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, *ecolcsu@gmail.com
More informationInvestigation of temporal-spatial parameters of an urban heat island on the basis of passive microwave remote sensing
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/226636976 Investigation of temporal-spatial parameters of an urban heat island on the basis
More information5.2 NCAR INTEGRATED SOUNDING SYSTEM OBSERVATIONS FOR VTMX
5.2 NCAR INTEGRATED SOUNDING SYSTEM OBSERVATIONS FOR VTMX William O.J. Brown*, Stephen A. Cohn, David B. Parsons, and James O. Pinto National Center for Atmospheric Research / Atmospheric Technology Division
More informationA HIGH RESOLUTION EUROPEAN CLOUD CLIMATOLOGY FROM 15 YEARS OF NOAA/AVHRR DATA
A HIGH RESOLUTION EUROPEAN CLOUD CLIMATOLOGY FROM 15 YEARS OF NOAA/AVHRR DATA R. Meerkötter 1, G. Gesell 2, V. Grewe 1, C. König 1, S. Lohmann 1, H. Mannstein 1 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt
More informationOn the Velocity Gradient in Stably Stratified Sheared Flows. Part 2: Observations and Models
Boundary-Layer Meteorol (2010) 135:513 517 DOI 10.1007/s10546-010-9487-y RESEARCH NOTE On the Velocity Gradient in Stably Stratified Sheared Flows. Part 2: Observations and Models Rostislav D. Kouznetsov
More informationNEW APPROACH IN APPLICATION OF MICROWAVE TEMPERATURE PROFILERS FOR LOCAL SYNOPTIC FORECAST.
NEW APPROACH IN APPLICATION OF MICROWAVE TEMPERATURE PROFILERS FOR LOCAL SYNOPTIC FORECAST. V.V. Eremin, A.I.Gusev, A.V.Koldaev. Middle-Siberian Regional Department of Federal Service of Russia for Hydrometeorology
More informationINFLUENCE OF THE AVERAGING PERIOD IN AIR TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT
INFLUENCE OF THE AVERAGING PERIOD IN AIR TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT Hristomir Branzov 1, Valentina Pencheva 2 1 National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology, Sofia, Bulgaria, Hristomir.Branzov@meteo.bg
More informationSCIENTIFIC REPORT. Host: Sven-Erik Gryning (DTU Wind Energy, Denmark) Applicant: Lucie Rottner (Météo-France, CNRM, France)
SCIENTIFIC REPORT ACTION: ES1303 TOPROF STSM: COST-STSM-ES1303-30536 TOPIC: Validation of real time turbulence estimation and measurement of wind gust using Doppler lidar. VENUE: Technical University of
More informationH A NOVEL WIND PROFILE FORMULATION FOR NEUTRAL CONDITIONS IN URBAN ENVIRONMENT
HARMO13-1- June 1, Paris, France - 13th Conference on Harmonisation within Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling for Regulatory Purposes H13-178 A NOVEL WIND PROFILE FORMULATION FOR NEUTRAL CONDITIONS IN URBAN
More information1.18 EVALUATION OF THE CALINE4 AND CAR-FMI MODELS AGAINST THE DATA FROM A ROADSIDE MEASUREMENT CAMPAIGN
.8 EVALUATION OF THE CALINE4 AND CAR-FMI MODELS AGAINST THE DATA FROM A ROADSIDE MEASUREMENT CAMPAIGN Joseph Levitin, Jari Härkönen, Jaakko Kukkonen and Juha Nikmo Israel Meteorological Service (IMS),
More informationAbstract. 1 Introduction
Urban air pollution forecast based on the Gaussian and regression models M. Zickus', K. Kvietkus^ ' Vilnius University, Sauletekio 9, 2600 Vilnius, Lithuania * Institute of Physics, A. Gostauto 12, 2600
More informationAbstract. Introduction
Advanced Microwave System For Measurement of ABL Thermal Stratification in Polar Region V.V. Folomeev*, E.N. Kadygrov*, E.A. Miller*, V.V. Nekrasov*, A.N. Shaposhnikov*, A.V. Troisky** * Central aerological
More informationJ3.7 MEASURING METEOROLOGY IN HIGHLY NON-HOMOGENEOUS AREAS. Ekaterina Batchvarova* 1 and Sven-Erik Gryning 2. Denmark ABSTRACT
J3.7 MEASURING METEOROLOGY IN HIGHLY NON-HOMOGENEOUS AREAS Ekaterina Batchvarova* 1 and Sven-Erik Gryning 2 1 National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology, Sofia, Bulgaria, 2 Risø National Laboratory/DTU,
More informationGenerating Virtual Wind Climatologies through the Direct Downscaling of MERRA Reanalysis Data using WindSim
Generating Virtual Wind Climatologies through the Direct Downscaling of MERRA Reanalysis Data using WindSim WindSim Americas User Meeting December 4 th, 2014 Orlando, FL, USA Christopher G. Nunalee cgnunale@ncsu.edu
More informationEXAMINATIONS ON THE ROLE OF SYNOPTIC CONDITIONS IN URBAN HEAT ISLAND DEVELOPMENT IN DEBRECEN
EXAMINATIONS ON THE ROLE OF SYNOPTIC CONDITIONS IN URBAN HEAT ISLAND DEVELOPMENT IN DEBRECEN Sándor SZEGEDI, Tamás TÓTH, István LÁZÁR, Elemér LÁSZLÓ Department of Meteorology, University of Debrecen, Hungary
More informationExperimental and Theoretical Study on the Optimal Tilt Angle of Photovoltaic Panels
Experimental and Theoretical Study on the Optimal Tilt Angle of Photovoltaic Panels Naihong Shu* 1, Nobuhiro Kameda 2, Yasumitsu Kishida 2 and Hirotora Sonoda 3 1 Graduate School, Kyushu Kyoritsu University,
More informationASSESMENT OF THE SEVERE WEATHER ENVIROMENT IN NORTH AMERICA SIMULATED BY A GLOBAL CLIMATE MODEL
JP2.9 ASSESMENT OF THE SEVERE WEATHER ENVIROMENT IN NORTH AMERICA SIMULATED BY A GLOBAL CLIMATE MODEL Patrick T. Marsh* and David J. Karoly School of Meteorology, University of Oklahoma, Norman OK and
More informationQuantifying the influence of wind advection on the urban heat island for an improvement of a climate change adaptation planning tool
Quantifying the influence of wind advection on the urban heat island for an improvement of a climate change adaptation planning tool BEAR conference 15/12/2014 Bassett R., Cai X., Chapman L., Heaviside
More informationWIND DATA REPORT FOR THE YAKUTAT JULY 2004 APRIL 2005
WIND DATA REPORT FOR THE YAKUTAT JULY 2004 APRIL 2005 Prepared on July 12, 2005 For Bob Lynette 212 Jamestown Beach Lane Sequim WA 98382 By John Wade Wind Consultant LLC 2575 NE 32 nd Ave Portland OR 97212
More informationSergej S. Zilitinkevich 1,2,3. Helsinki 27 May 1 June Division of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland 2
Atmospheric Planetary Boundary Layers (ABLs / PBLs) in stable, neural and unstable stratification: scaling, data, analytical models and surface-flux algorithms Sergej S. Zilitinkevich 1,2,3 1 Division
More informationADVANCED ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY LAYER TEMPERATURE PROFILING WITH MTP-5HE MICROWAVE SYSTEM
ADVANCED ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY LAYER TEMPERATURE PROFILING WITH MTP-5HE MICROWAVE SYSTEM E. Kadygrov*, M. Khaikin*, E. Miller*, A. Shaposhnikov*, A. Troitsky** * Central Aerological Observatory, Dolgoprudny,
More informationWLS70: A NEW COMPACT DOPPLER WIND LIDAR FOR BOUNDARY LAYER DYNAMIC STUDIES.
WLS70: A NEW COMPACT DOPPLER WIND LIDAR FOR BOUNDARY LAYER DYNAMIC STUDIES. VALIDATION RESULTS AND INTERCOMPARISON IN THE FRAME OF THE 8TH CIMO-WMO CAMPAIGN. S. Lolli 1, L.Sauvage 1, M. Boquet 1, 1 Leosphere,
More informationUrban-rural humidity and temperature differences in the Beijing area
Theor Appl Climatol (9) 9:1 7 DOI 1.17/s7 ORIGINAL PAPER Urban-rural humidity and temperature differences in the Beijing area Weidong Liu & Huanling You & Junxia Dou Received: 5 June 7 /Accepted: 7 March
More informationHow Researchers Measure Urban Heat Islands. James Voogt Department of Geography, University of Western Ontario London ON Canada
How Researchers Measure Urban Heat Islands James Voogt Department of Geography, University of Western Ontario London ON Canada Outline What is the urban heat island? What types of urban heat islands exist?
More informationSEASONAL AND ANNUAL TRENDS OF AUSTRALIAN MINIMUM/MAXIMUM DAILY TEMPERATURES DURING
SEASONAL AND ANNUAL TRENDS OF AUSTRALIAN MINIMUM/MAXIMUM DAILY TEMPERATURES DURING 1856-2014 W. A. van Wijngaarden* and A. Mouraviev Physics Department, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada 1. INTRODUCTION
More informationField Experiment on the Effects of a Nearby Asphalt Road on Temperature Measurement
8.3 Field Experiment on the Effects of a Nearby Asphalt Road on Temperature Measurement T. Hamagami a *, M. Kumamoto a, T. Sakai a, H. Kawamura a, S. Kawano a, T. Aoyagi b, M. Otsuka c, and T. Aoshima
More informationWind power resource assessment in complex urban environments: MIT campus case-study using CFD Analysis
Wind power resource assessment in complex urban environments: MIT campus case-study using CFD Analysis Alex Kalmikov 1, Guillaume Dupont 2, Katherine Dykes 1, Cy Chan 1 1 Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
More informationDevelopment of a NYC Meteorological Network with Emphasis on Vertical Wind Profiles in Support of Meteorological and Dispersion Models
Development of a NYC Meteorological Network with Emphasis on Vertical Wind Profiles in Support of Meteorological and Dispersion Models Mark Arend, D. Santoro, S. Abdelazim B. Gross, F. Moshary, and S.
More informationMODIS-BASED INVESTIGATIONS ON THE URBAN HEAT ISLANDS OF BUCHAREST (ROMANIA) AND PRAGUE (CZECH REPUBLIC)
MODIS-BASED INVESTIGATIONS ON THE URBAN HEAT ISLANDS OF BUCHAREST (ROMANIA) AND PRAGUE (CZECH REPUBLIC) Sorin Cheval*, Michal Žák***, Alexandru Dumitrescu*, Vít Květoň** *National Meteorological Administration,
More informationVariations in the power-law index with stability and height for wind profiles in the urban boundary layer
Variations in the power-law index with stability and height for wind profiles in the urban boundary layer Hideki Kikumoto 1, Ryozo Ooka 2, Hirofumi Sugawara 3 Hideki Kikumoto 1 Institute of Industrial
More informationINFLUENCE OF SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE ON COASTAL URBAN AREA - CASE STUDY IN OSAKA BAY, JAPAN -
Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Asian and Pacific Coasts (APAC 2011) December 14 16, 2011, Hong Kong, China INFLUENCE OF SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE ON COASTAL URBAN AREA - CASE STUDY
More informationResearch on Fog and Low Clouds at Météo-France / CNRM
Research on Fog and Low Clouds at Météo-France / CNRM 1) Improved site-specific numerical prediction COBEL-ISBA 1D numerical model CdG field experiment Operational forecast at Paris CdG international airport
More informationA new lidar for water vapor and temperature measurements in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer
A new lidar for water vapor and temperature measurements in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer M. Froidevaux 1, I. Serikov 2, S. Burgos 3, P. Ristori 1, V. Simeonov 1, H. Van den Bergh 1, and M.B. Parlange
More informationWIND TRENDS IN THE HIGHLANDS AND ISLANDS OF SCOTLAND AND THEIR RELATION TO THE NORTH ATLANTIC OSCILLATION. European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
J 4A.11A WIND TRENDS IN THE HIGHLANDS AND ISLANDS OF SCOTLAND AND THEIR RELATION TO THE NORTH ATLANTIC OSCILLATION Gwenna G. Corbel a, *, John T. Allen b, Stuart W. Gibb a and David Woolf a a Environmental
More informationLONG RANGE FORECASTING OF LOW RAINFALL
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY Int. J. Climatol. 19: 463 470 (1999) LONG RANGE FORECASTING OF LOW RAINFALL IAN CORDERY* School of Ci il and En ironmental Engineering, The Uni ersity of New South
More informationDETERMINATION OF THE POWER LAW EXPONENT FOR SOUTHERN HIGHLANDS OF TANZANIA
DETERMINATION OF THE POWER LAW EXPONENT FOR SOUTHERN HIGHLANDS OF TANZANIA HH Mwanyika and RM Kainkwa Department of Physics, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O Box 35063, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. ABSTRACT
More informationSENSITIVITY OF THE SURFEX LAND SURFACE MODEL TO FORCING SETTINGS IN URBAN CLIMATE MODELLING
SENSITIVITY OF THE SURFEX LAND SURFACE MODEL TO FORCING SETTINGS IN URBAN CLIMATE MODELLING Gabriella Zsebeházi PhD supervisor: Gabriella Szépszó Regional Climate Modelling Group, Hungarian Meteorological
More information3.20 BOUNDARY-LAYER STRUCTURE UPWIND AND DOWNWIND OF OKLAHOMA CITY DURING THE JOINT URBAN 2003 FIELD STUDY
23-27 August 24, Vancouver, B.C., Canada 3.2 BOUNDARY-LAYER STRUCTURE UPWIND AND DOWNWIND OF OKLAHOMA CITY DURING THE OINT URBAN 23 FIELD STUDY Stephan F.. De Wekker*, Larry K. Berg, K. erry Allwine,.
More informationApplication and verification of the ECMWF products Report 2007
Application and verification of the ECMWF products Report 2007 National Meteorological Administration Romania 1. Summary of major highlights The medium range forecast activity within the National Meteorological
More informationway and atmospheric models
Scale-consistent consistent two-way way coupling of land-surface and atmospheric models COSMO-User-Seminar 9-11 March 2009 Annika Schomburg, Victor Venema, Felix Ament, Clemens Simmer TR / SFB 32 Objective
More informationPH YSIC A L PROPERT IE S TERC.UCDAVIS.EDU
PH YSIC A L PROPERT IE S 8 Lake surface level Daily since 1900 Lake surface level varies throughout the year. Lake level rises due to high stream inflow, groundwater inflow and precipitation directly onto
More information330: Daytime urban heat island intensity in London during the winter season
330: Daytime urban heat island intensity in London during the winter season Giridharan Renganathan Brunel University Abstract This paper will present results of the daytime urban heat island intensity
More informationFor the operational forecaster one important precondition for the diagnosis and prediction of
Initiation of Deep Moist Convection at WV-Boundaries Vienna, Austria For the operational forecaster one important precondition for the diagnosis and prediction of convective activity is the availability
More informationEd Ross 1, David Fissel 1, Humfrey Melling 2. ASL Environmental Sciences Inc. Victoria, British Columbia V8M 1Z5
Spatial Variability of Sea Ice Drafts in the Continental Margin of the Canadian Beaufort Sea from a Dense Array of Moored Upward Looking Sonar Instruments Ed Ross 1, David Fissel 1, Humfrey Melling 2 1
More informationJ17.3 Impact Assessment on Local Meteorology due to the Land Use Changes During Urban Development in Seoul
J17.3 Impact Assessment on Local Meteorology due to the Land Use Changes During Urban Development in Seoul Hae-Jung Koo *, Kyu Rang Kim, Young-Jean Choi, Tae Heon Kwon, Yeon-Hee Kim, and Chee-Young Choi
More informationAtmospheric Boundary Layers
Lecture for International Summer School on the Atmospheric Boundary Layer, Les Houches, France, June 17, 2008 Atmospheric Boundary Layers Bert Holtslag Introducing the latest developments in theoretical
More informationSURF Progresses Contents
SURF Progresses Contents 1 5th Workshop: June 21-23, 2017 2 SURF-2016 Summer Experiment 3 Preliminary results 4 Future plan (1) 5 th Workshop: June 21-23, 2017 SURF WS-5: Structure I. New Science Reports
More informationTAPM Modelling for Wagerup: Phase 1 CSIRO 2004 Page 41
We now examine the probability (or frequency) distribution of meteorological predictions and the measurements. Figure 12 presents the observed and model probability (expressed as probability density function
More informationDesertification in the Aral Sea Region: A study of the natural and Anthropogenic Impacts
EU Inco-Copernicus Program: The Aral-Kum Project Desertification in the Aral Sea Region: A study of the natural and Anthropogenic Impacts Contract number : ICA2-CT-2000-10023 Final objective of the project
More informationKeywords: lightning climatology; lightning flashes; Macedonia Greece.
International Scientific Conference GEOBALCANICA 2018 A 10-YEAR CLIMATOLOGY OF LIGHTNING FOR MACEDONIA, GREECE Paraskevi Roupa 1 Theodore Karacostas 2 1 Hellenic National Meteorological Service, Greece
More informationEffects of different terrain on velocity standard deviations
Atmospheric Science Letters (2001) doi:10.1006/asle.2001.0038 Effects of different terrain on velocity standard deviations M. H. Al-Jiboori 1,2, Yumao Xu 1 and Yongfu Qian 1 1 Department of Atmospheric
More informationA Typical Meteorological Year for Energy Simulations in Hamilton, New Zealand
Anderson T N, Duke M & Carson J K 26, A Typical Meteorological Year for Energy Simulations in Hamilton, New Zealand IPENZ engineering trenz 27-3 A Typical Meteorological Year for Energy Simulations in
More informationSENSITIVITY STUDY FOR SZEGED, HUNGARY USING THE SURFEX/TEB SCHEME COUPLED TO ALARO
SENSITIVITY STUDY FOR SZEGED, HUNGARY USING THE SURFEX/TEB SCHEME COUPLED TO ALARO Report from the Flat-Rate Stay at the Royal Meteorological Institute, Brussels, Belgium 11.03.2015 01.04.2015 Gabriella
More informationClimate of Columbus. Aaron Wilson. Byrd Polar & Climate Research Center State Climate Office of Ohio.
Climate of Columbus Aaron Wilson Byrd Polar & Climate Research Center http://bpcrc.osu.edu/greenteam Overview Historical Climatology Climate Change & Impacts Projected Changes Summary 2 Historical Climatology
More informationPerformance of Radar Wind Profilers, Radiosondes, and Surface Flux Stations at the Southern Great Plains (SGP) Cloud and Radiation Testbed (CART) Site
Performance of Radar Wind Profilers, Radiosondes, and Surface Flux Stations at the Southern Great Plains (SGP) Cloud and Radiation Testbed (CART) Site R. L. Coulter, B. M. Lesht, M. L. Wesely, D. R. Cook,
More informationNotice on a Case Study on the Utilization of Wind Energy Potential on a Remote and Isolated Small Wastewater Treatment Plant
Chemical Eng. Dept., ISEL From the SelectedWorks of João F Gomes August, 2011 Notice on a Case Study on the Utilization of Wind Energy Potential on a Remote and Isolated Small João F Gomes Available at:
More informationChapter 3. Materials and Methods
Chapter 3 Materials and Methods CHAPTER3 MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study aims to identify the role of climatic factors in the dispersal of air pollutants released into the atmosphere at some important
More informationABSTRACT 1.-INTRODUCTION
Characterization of wind fields at a regional scale calculated by means of a diagnostic model using multivariate techniques M.L. Sanchez, M.A. Garcia, A. Calle Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution, Dpto
More informationISPRS Archives XXXVIII-8/W3 Workshop Proceedings: Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture CLIMATE VARIABILITY OVER GUJARAT, INDIA
CLIMATE VARIABILITY OVER GUJARAT, INDIA Kamaljit Ray, Manorama Mohanty and J.R. Chincholikar Meteorological Centre, India Meteorological Department, Ahmedabad 380 012, India KEYWORDS: Climate Variability,
More informationAUTOMATIC MONITORING OF BOUNDARY LAYER STRUCTURES WITH CEILOMETER ABSTRACT
AUTOMATIC MONITORING OF BOUNDARY LAYER STRUCTURES WITH CEILOMETER Christoph Münkel 1, Reijo Roininen 1 Vaisala GmbH, Schnackenburgallee 1d, 55 Hamburg, Germany Phone +9 89 1, Fax +9 89 11, E-mail christoph.muenkel@vaisala.com
More informationRadiation Fluxes During ZCAREX-99: Measurements and Calculations
Radiation Fluxes During ZCAREX-99: Measurements and Calculations G. S. Golitsyn, P. P. Anikin, E. M. Feigelson, I. A. Gorchakova, I. I. Mokhov, E. V. Romashova, M. A. Sviridenkov, and T. A. Tarasova Oboukhov
More informationSupplementary Material
Supplementary Material Model physical parameterizations: The study uses the single-layer urban canopy model (SLUCM: Kusaka et al. 2001; Kusaka and Kimura 2004; Liu et al. 2006; Chen and Dudhia 2001; Chen
More informationValidation of Boundary Layer Winds from WRF Mesoscale Forecasts over Denmark
Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Dec 14, 2018 Validation of Boundary Layer Winds from WRF Mesoscale Forecasts over Denmark Hahmann, Andrea N.; Pena Diaz, Alfredo Published in: EWEC 2010 Proceedings online
More informationAlignment of stress, mean wind, and vertical gradient of the velocity vector
Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Sep 14, 218 Alignment of stress, mean wind, and vertical gradient of the velocity vector Berg, Jacob; Mann, Jakob; Patton, E.G. Published in: Extended Abstracts of Presentations
More informationNew York Metro-Area Boundary Layer Catalogue: Boundary Layer Height and Stability Conditions from Long-Term Observations
New York Metro-Area Boundary Layer Catalogue: Boundary Layer Height and Stability Conditions from Long-Term Observations David Melecio-Vázquez*, Jorge E. González-Cruz*, Mark Arend*, Zaw Han*, Mark Dempsey*,
More informationFRAPPÉ/DISCOVER-AQ (July/August 2014) in perspective of multi-year ozone analysis
FRAPPÉ/DISCOVER-AQ (July/August 2014) in perspective of multi-year ozone analysis Project Report #2: Monitoring network assessment for the City of Fort Collins Prepared by: Lisa Kaser kaser@ucar.edu ph:
More informationThe Use of Tall Tower Field Data for Estimating Wind Turbine Power Performance
The Use of Tall Tower Field Data for Estimating Wind Turbine Power Performance Abstract A. Swift 1, J. Chapman 1, L. Manuel 2, K. Walter 1, R. Slavens 1, S. Morse 1 The ten-minute average wind speed at
More information