The Improvement Of ICOADS R3.0 and Its Application To DOISST
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1 The Improvement Of ICOADS R3.0 and Its Application To DOISST Chunying Liu 1,2, William Angel 2, Eric Freeman 1,2, Boyin Huang 2, Huai-min Zhang 2 1 ERT, Inc Sweitzer Lane Suite 300 Laurel, MD USA chunying.liu@noaa.gov 2 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), Asheville, NC USA June 9, 2017 GHRSST XVIII 1
2 Outline 1. ICOADS introduction 2. Major improvement of ICOADS R Case study: ICOADS R3.0 application to DOISST June 9, 2017 GHRSST XVIII 2
3 ICOADS Partners.And several years of funding support by CPO/COD February 23, Ocean Sciences Meeting
4 ICOADS Overview June 9, 2017 GHRSST XVIII 4
5 International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) A Foundational Database Vital for Global climate change estimates Global Surface Products Air-Sea Fluxes Atmospheric and Ocean Reanalysis Climatologies Gridded Products Marine and Coastal Humidity Marine Winds Global and Regional Analysis Satellite Calibration/Validation Derived Datasets ICOADS An Critical Marine Foundation for All-Types of Products and Services June 9, 2017 GHRSST XVIII 5
6 Who are recent users of ICOADS? NOAA ERSSTv4 NOAAGlobalTemp OISSTv2 ¼ Daily SST NCEP Re-Analysis R1/R2 NCEP CFSR North American Regional Reanalysis 20CRv2c NASA GISTEMP MERRA COBE-SST2 International Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Annual Climate Assessments ERA-20C JRA-25 and JRA-55 ORA-S4 (ECMWF) HadSST3 HadCRUT4 HadISST2 OSTIA NOC Surface Flux Dataset V2 HadCRUH ERA-Interim (ECMWF) HadSLP2 HadNMAT2 ISPD ICOADS A Foundational Database Other OA Flux (Woods Hole Inst.) FSU Fluxes (FSU) FSU Winds (FSU) MIMR (Satellite) Specific Humidity and AT products WASWIND (Kyoto Univ.) Ocean & Atmosphere Reanalyses for Climate Applications (OARCA Texas A&M and Univ. of Colorado) ONLY MAIN ELEMENTS June 9, 2017 GHRSST XVIII 6
7 What are the Data Products? Marine Observational Reports ships, buoys, and etc. Subsetting and bulk files downloads are available at NCAR and NCEI, respectively NCAR: NCEI: NCEI: Additional details can be found at Monthly summary products include: 2 x2 grids available since 1800 and 1 x1 grids since 1960 Available in netcdf And for 22 variables, listed below, as well as 10 statistics (e.g. mean, median): Sea surface temp Air temp Scalar wind Vector wind eastward component Vector wind northward component Sea-level pressure Total cloudiness Specific humidity Relative humidity Sea-air temperature difference and 11 other derived parameters February 23, Ocean Sciences Meeting
8 ICOADS Fun-facts The world s most extensive surface marine meteorological data collection First records from 1662 to the latest data month Over 455 million unique marine reports (ending Dec 2014)! Global events such as the Tambora eruption of April 1815 (Brohan et al., 2012) Early instrumental observations made by Edmond Halley in 1699 are available Interesting notations Shackleton's disastrous Antarctic expedition in d_1916.imma May 11, 1916: "Cooked old albatross, very good but a little tough" Where were nearby ships during the hours the Titanic sank? June 9, 2017 GHRSST XVIII 8
9 Historical data being merged into ICOADS R3.0 Pre year 2000 June 9, 2017 GHRSST XVIII 9
10 Historical data being merged into ICOADS R3.0 Post year 2000 June 9, 2017 GHRSST XVIII 10
11 Contemporary Data Additions to R3.0 (counts of input marine reports) World Ocean Database 2013 (WOD13) Near-surface oceanographic temperatures, salinities, etc M marine reports Global Tropical Moored Buoy Array (GTMBA) For R3.0, UK NOC is translating the data held by PMEL M marine reports Shipboard Automated Meteorological and Oceanographic System (SAMOS) Similar to GOSUD but with more parameters; 752K hourly marine reports Global Ocean Surface Underway Data (GOSUD) new to R3.0 Near-surface oceanographic temperatures, and salinities M marine reports Canadian DFO/OSD drifting/moored buoy data Air pressure, air temperature, sea surface temperature, wind observations, and wave height 80M marine reports June 9, 2017 GHRSST XVIII 11
12 Coverage Maps of Selected Historical Data Sources Each data source is plotted over its period of record, with colors indicating the total counts of marine reports per 1 box. An additional bar graph highlights the annual count of reports for the data source. June 9, 2017 GHRSST XVIII 12
13 Data Impact between R2.5 and R3.0 per year since million WWI period Data recovery efforts June 9, 2017 GHRSST XVIII 13
14 International Maritime Meteorological Archive(IMMA) data format - flexible format schematic record structure Core Icoads Immt Meta-vos Core : the basic data: date, location, met./ocn. attachments (attms) being defined as needed June 9, 2017 Core Nocn - Icoads : deck/source provenance, QC flags - Nocn: Near-surface oceanographic data - Ecr: Edited Cloud Report - Rean-qc: Reanalyses QC/fedbackabase - Ivad: ICOADS Value-Added Database attm - Error: Error attm - Uida: Unique report ID attm Ecr Ivad Rean-qc - Others described in more detail in ICOADS IMMA format documentation ( GHRSST XVIII imma1_short.pdf) Continues Suppl Key requirement: add original input data Experience demonstrates format translations frequently contain errors/omissions; exact copy of input data permits re-translation and cross-checks 14 at any time
15 New ICOADS Attachments for R3.0 Unique identifier attm [Uida] Assigned to each record Provides absolute record tracking mechanism Improves ICOADS data management Makes user interactions (consulting) easier Simplifies data contributions from partners Enables tracing through reanalyses Will help link with reanalysis feedback metadata UIDs assigned in R2.5.1/R2.5.2 (experimental releases) will be carried forward for continuity and provenance June 9, 2017 GHRSST XVIII 15
16 New ICOADS Attachments for R3.0 Near-Surface Oceanographic Data attm [Nocn] Temperature, salinity, oxygen, phosphate, silicate, nitrate, ph, total chlorophyll, alkalinity, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, and dissolved inorganic carbon and associated sample depths Closest to the surface and less than 10 meters Data from WOD 2013, GOSUD, GTMBA, and the SAMOS archive Edited Cloud Report attm [Ecr] Using software provided by Univ. of Washington Check for cloud and weather reports for IC errors Corrected or flagged as invalid Error attm [Error] Outside users can use to report and track erroneous values June 9, 2017 GHRSST XVIII 16
17 Optimally Interpolated SST (OISST) AVHRR only Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) infrared satellite SST data in situ data from ships and buoys SSTs generated from sea ice data Optimum interpolation 0.25, daily, September 1, present. AVHRR+AMSR Use all AVHRR-only data plus Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR) data June 1, 2002 Oct. 4, June 9, 2017 GHRSST XVIII 17
18
19 Increase in Observation numbers ( ) in unit of 10 5 per month R2.5 R3.0 R3.0 R2.5 Ship Buoy June 9, 2017 GHRSST XVIII 19
20 Global Average Global SST Trend R2.5 Trend C/10years R3.0 Trend C/10years Difference C/10years June 9, 2017 GHRSST XVIII 20
21 June 9, 2017 GHRSST XVIII 21
22 RMS Difference (OISST using ICOADS3.0 ICOADS2.5) June 9, 2017 GHRSST XVIII 22
23 Conclusion 1. ICOADS R3.0 contains more observation number and larger area coverage than R Number of SST observation increase by 10-20% from R2.5 to R3.0 in modern period of DOISST analysis suggests that the global averaged SST and Nino index is close in using R3.0 and R DOISST analysis indicates that R3.0 and R2.5 have very clear impacts on regional SST analysis. June 9, 2017 GHRSST XVIII 23
24 Thanks You! June 9, 2017 GHRSST XVIII 24
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