Infrared Light Curves of Type Ia Supernovae

Transcription

1 Infrared Light Curves of Type Ia Supernovae Andrew Friedman Harvard University Department of Astronomy 1/5/10 AAS Thesis Talk 1

2 Collaborators Thesis Committee: Bob Kirshner, John Huchra, Christopher Stubbs, Lars Hernquist, Joshua Bloom Thesis Advisor: Bob Kirshner Collaborators: Kaisey Mandel, Pete Challis, Ryan Foley, Malcolm Hicken, Gautham Narayan, Armin Rest, Alicia Soderberg, (Harvard) Michael Wood-Vasey (Pittsburgh) Joshua Bloom, Dan Starr, Maryam Modjaz, Adam Miller, Dovi Poznanski (UC Berkeley) Ori Fox, Mike Skrutskie (Virginia) Cullen Blake (Princeton) Howie Marion (UT Austin) Stephane Blondin (ESO) Neil Gehrels (NASA GSFC) 1/5/10 AAS Thesis Talk 2

3 Outline: Infrared LCs of SN Ia 1. Big Picture: SN Ia & Cosmology 2. Data: PAIRITEL SN Project 3. Analysis: NIR Standard Candles Wood-Vasey, Friedman+2008, ApJ, 689, Mandel, Wood-Vasey, Friedman, & Kirshner 2009, ApJ, 704, Future: Colors, Dust Properties Friedman+2010 in prep. 1/5/10 AAS Thesis Talk 3

4 The Big Picture Optical SN Ia Cosmology Dark Energy Past: HZT, SCP, ESSENCE, SNLS, SDSS-II, CSP, Future: Pan Starrs, DES, LSST, JDEM, JWST, Advantages of Near-Infrared vs. Optical (e.g. Kirshner+1973, Elias+1981,1985, Jha+99, Meikle 2000, Krisiunas+200*, Phillips+2006, Pastorello+2007ab, Wood-Vasey, Friedman+2008) Ground-based JHK observations at low-z Less sensitive to dust extinction NIR SN Ia intrinsically more standard Rest-frame NIR observations of high-z SN Ia must be done from space (e.g. JDEM, JWST) 1/5/10 AAS Thesis Talk 4

5 Outline: Infrared LCs of SN Ia 1. Big Picture: SN Ia & Cosmology 2. Data: PAIRITEL SN Project 3. Analysis: NIR Standard Candles Wood-Vasey, Friedman+2008, ApJ, 689, Mandel, Wood-Vasey, Friedman, & Kirshner 2009, ApJ, 704, Future: Colors, Dust Properties Friedman+2010 in prep. 1/5/10 AAS Thesis Talk 5

6 Scientific Goals: Near-Infrared SN Ia Study properties of large, homogeneous, ground-based data set of low-z, bright SN Ia More accurate and precise distance measurements Improve understanding of dust in other galaxies Assess implications for high-z cosmology satellites 1/5/10 AAS Thesis Talk 6

7 Peters Automated InfraRed Imaging TELescope PAIRITEL 1.3m: old 2MASS north FLWO 2MASS south camera, JHKs filters (M. Skrutskie, UVA) Roboticized by Josh Bloom et al. (P.I. UC Berkeley) Commissioned October 2004 (Bloom+2006) Autonomous, queue scheduled observing Optimized for transient astronomy follow up: Gamma-Ray Burst, Supernovae, + ~20 other projects 1/5/10 AAS Thesis Talk 7

8 PAIRITEL SN Project Advantages ~30% time on 1.3m robotic telescope since 2005 Homogeneous data set, well understood camera Photometric calibration 2MASS Simultaneous JHK, ~nightly cadence Optical data from FLWO: Imaging 1.2m, Spectra: 1.5m Challenges NIR photometry is hard! Follow up survey, must wait for optical discovery, spectroscopic typing PAIRITEL JHKs Image of SN2006D Fig 1: Wood-Vasey, Friedman /5/10 AAS Thesis Talk 8

9 135 SN % Ia 19% Ib/c 11% II 1/5/10 AAS Thesis Talk 9

10 21 PAIRITEL JHKs SN Ia Light Curves Normal SN Ia LCs 2 NIR peaks 3 Peculiar-Ia excluded from LC template Fig 2: Wood-Vasey, Friedman more SN Ia LCs Friedman+2010 in prep. 1/5/10 AAS Thesis Talk 10

11 Outline: Infrared LCs of SN Ia 1. Big Picture: SN Ia & Cosmology 2. Data: PAIRITEL SN Project 3. Analysis: NIR Standard Candles Wood-Vasey, Friedman+2008, ApJ, 689, Mandel, Wood-Vasey, Friedman, & Kirshner 2009, ApJ, 704, Future: Colors, Dust Properties Friedman+2010 in prep. 1/5/10 AAS Thesis Talk 11

12 SN Ia H-band Standard Candles) H-band Hubble diagrams H-band Absolute Magnitudes Fig 6: Wood-Vasey, Friedman+2008 Fig 5: Wood-Vasey, Friedman+2008 PAIRTEL+Literature consistent Literature (e.g. Krisciunas+2004) SN Ia are H-band standard candles H-band samples: 0.15 mag scatter No LC shape correction Optical scatter 0.18 mag (Jha+07) 1/5/10 AAS Thesis Talk 12

13 Comparing Theory and Data mag of 1st peak Fig 15: Kasen 2006 Dots show variation in 56 Ni ( Msun) Theory and data agree: SN Ia are most standard (at first LC peak) in restframe H-band Fig 9: Mandel, Wood-Vasey, Friedman & Kirshner 2009 σ(m J ) = σ(m h ) = σ(m Ks )= /5/10 AAS Thesis Talk 13

14 Outline: Infrared LCs of SN Ia 1. Big Picture: SN Ia & Cosmology 2. Data: PAIRITEL SN Project 3. Analysis: NIR Standard Candles Wood-Vasey, Friedman+2008, ApJ, 689, Mandel, Wood-Vasey, Friedman, & Kirshner 2009, ApJ, 704, Future: Colors, Dust Properties Friedman+2010 in prep. 1/5/10 AAS Thesis Talk 14

15 Friedman+2010 in prep. Disentangling Intrinsic Color Variation and Dust Extinction of Type Ia Supernovae With Optical and Infrared Photometry ~40-60 more NIR SN Ia LCs Combine Optical + NIR data, construct color curves Estimate A V, R V for each SN, global sample Quantify improvement in distance measurements Compare to Carnegie NIR Data 1/5/10 AAS Thesis Talk 15

16 V-JHK Color (mag) Estimating Opt-NIR Color Excesses Friedman+2010 in prep. 1/5/10 AAS Thesis Talk 16

17 NASA/DOE Joint Dark Energy Mission JDEM should consider going to longer wavelength To observe restframe H-band from SN Ia at: z~0.5, 1.0, 1.5, need detectors with coverage to: λ~2.4, 3.2, 4µm respectively. 1/5/10 AAS Thesis Talk 17

18 Conclusions SN Ia are H-band standard candles at ~0.15 mag level without correction for LC shape Wood-Vasey, Friedman+2008; following Krisciunas+2004 Current work seeks to quantify how adding JHK to BVRI data reduces dust extinction systematics, distance errors Friedman+2010 in prep. To observe rest-frame H-band at z~ , JDEM should consider detectors out to 2-4µm Next Talk: Kaisey Mandel Statistical Modeling of Optical+NIR Light Curves Mandel, Wood-Vasey, Friedman, & Kirshner /5/10 AAS Thesis Talk 18