Bioscience mission initiative with CubeSat-Platform Technology
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- Rosamund Eaton
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1 Bioscience mission initiative with CubeSat-Platform Technology Tae-Sung YOON* & Sunghyun KANG Korea Research Insitute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro ( Science-road ), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, KOREA Updated on From icubesat2014 workshop presentations :
2 KRIBB, KAERI, Korea Bioscience & Biotechnology Atomic Energy Aerospace KAERI Daejeon KARI KRIBB Daejeon Science Town Daejeon
3 KRIBB Space-Bio Research Initiative Biology with G simulation devices G - Protein Crystal Growth (PCG) Strategic Planning For Future International Space Station CubeSat- Platform Bio-Science Space Lab Biotechnology for Space Colonization Future
4 Rationale Why CubeSat? 1. CubeSats are ever more capable: Miniature/micro/nano technologies bioengineered organisms; fabrication; materials; optics; sensors; actuators; MEMS; fluidics; electronics; communications; instrumentation; data handling & storage Power generation & storage density up; power needs down 2. Low-cost launches: as secondary payloads military, government, commercial; US, Russia, Europe, Canada, India, Multiple flights possible - test, learn, iterate 3. Access to deep space environment: direct exposure to solar irradiation and IGCR ISS orbit is below main radiation belt Access to polar, GTO, MEO or HEO orbit are required 4. Excellent education vehicle: Significant academic participation worldwide 5. Autonomous operations: Less reliance on human-tended experiments 6. Technology migration: ISS; landers/orbiters for moon, Mars, other planets
5 Mission Type Fund. biology/ Tech. demo. Fund. Biology/ Science Astrobiology/Tech. demo/ 6-month experiment duration Configuration 2U payload, 1U bus(4.4 kg) 2U payload, 1U bus (5.1 kg) 2 x 1U independent payload, 1U bus (5.5 kg) Experiment Gene Expression Antifungal dose Response Microbe survival & Activity Solar UV-induced Organic degradation Specimen E. coli S. cerevisiae B. subtilis H. chaoviatoris PAH, a.a., porphyrin, quinone Measurement OD; green fluorescence RGB absorbance, metabolic indicator RGB absorbance, metabolic indicator UV-vis spectroscopy 4 μ environments Sample n 10 wells 48 wells (3 conc s.) 3 x 12 wells 24 wells Sensors T, p, RH, accel., radiation flux T, p, RH, radiation flux T, p, RH, radiation flux T, radiation dose, intensity/sun angle Launch (Orbit) Dec Minotaur I May 2009 Minotaur I (430 km) Nov. 2010, Minotaur IV (72 inclination, 650 km) Outcome Mission success Re-entry 2010 Mission success De-orbit ~ 2013 Mission success; subsystems operational Anticipated deorbit ~ 2032
6 Outsourcing Bus + KRIBB Payloads 2U /KAIST Monitoring Space Radiation with Bio-Crystal (Bio-XTAL) Monitoring Biodiversity in Organic Matter Environment 3U / KAU 3U / Yonsei Univ. 1U-Bus + BioXTAL(1U) + BioDOME(1U) 3U / KHU 1U / Chosun U. 3U / CNU Parallel Developments with Common Interface between 1U-Bus & Each Bio-Module Like SEVO & SESLO Modules of O/ORES mission. SEE ALSO A-1-1 A snapshot on CubeSat related activities in Europe for astrobiology... A-2-2 OREOcube: Organics Exposure In Orbit
7 Opportunities & Questions?? CubeSat can provide a Bio-Science mission platform for Space Biology!! Demonstrated by 3U-CubeSat Missions (GeneSat, PharmatSat, O/OREOS) Capitalized on Growing Academic CubeSat Developments in Korea (cubesat.kari.re.kr) Supported by KRIBB, KRCF & National Space Lab Project (NRF of Korea) Bio-Science Mission Concepts To reverse G - Protein Crystal Growth missions! To invent Molecular Biology version of NOAH! Space Colonization (reversing Astrobiology)?? The 1 st Environmentalist
8 OREOCUBE 10 cm Proposed to the International Research Announcement for Research in Space Life Sciences ILSRA 2009 and selected for Definition Phase by the European Space Agency (ESA) OREOCUBE leverages the payload SEVO (Space Environment Viability of Organics) of NASA s O/OREOS Nanosat, a 10-cm cube containing a highly capable UV-visible spectrometer and 24-sample carrier The experiment technology can effectively measure the degradation of organic samples, thereby providing greater insight into the kinetic details of the photochemical reactions
9 OREOCUBE on the ISS (2016?) 1. OREOCUBE proposes the development of 2 integrated single-cube UV/visible/near-IR spectroscopy systems 1. OREOCUBE can simulate planetary micro-environments: any gas/humidity composition can be sealed into the individual sample cells 2. OREOCUBE measurements in the radiation environment of the ISS will allow us to better understand the carbon chemistry in space environments, extraterrestrial delivery processes and prebiotic chemistry on the early Earth
10 Astrochemistry & Astrobiology Astrochemistry: Carbon chemistry in space and planetary envrinoment Understand details & distribution of prebiotic chemistry - chemical building blocks Tracing the chemical processes towards the origin of life Astrobiology: origin, evolution, distribution, & future of life in the universe of life Study potential for life to adapt/survive in extraterrestrial environments Search for (signs of) extant or extinct non-terrestrial life Find habitable environments in our solar system & beyond
11 O/OREOS Key facts: O/OREOS (NASA Astrobiology Small Payloads): Develop and fly small astrobiology payloads, from single-cube free flyers to suitcase-sized payloads, to address fundamental astrobiology objectives, using a variety of launch opportunities SESLO cosmic radiation SEVO sample carousel RadFET O/OREOS (Organism/Organics Exposure to Orbital Stresses) first technology demonstration space environment as well as space biology relevant to Moon and Mars missions. precursor for experiments on small satellites, the ISS, future free-flyers and lunar surface exposure facilities. Launch 2010, Mintaur IV, Kodiak Alaska SESLO (Space Environment Survivability of Live Organisms) understanding of the environmental limits of life space biology and planetary protection. SEVO (Space Environment Viability of Organics) carbon chemistry in space environments, extraterrestrial delivery processes prebiotic chemistry on the early
12 OREOcube Key Facts: Proposed to the International Research Announcement for Research in Space Life Sciences ILSRA 2009 and selected for Definition Phase by the European Space Agency (ESA) OREOCUBE: SEVO (Space Environment Viability of Organics) of O/OREOS Nanosat, a 10-cm cube containing a highly capable UV-visible spectrometer and 24-sample carrier OREOCUBE provides the capability of daily in-situ monitoring of flight samples Comparative low cost, low power requirements, high functionality, full autonomy, and small size of an already-built nanosatellite payload instrument at technology readiness level (TRL) 8 Development of standardized ( plug & play ) analytical instrumentation Inexpensive-to-develop, space-qualified instrumentation for use in (or on the outside of) the ISS, planetary orbiters and landers, lunar platforms and future free-flyers Organic film/ environment cells Solar source diffusers RadFET sample wheel OREOcube Sun Angle/ Intensity Sensors Launch 2015/6, potentially SpaceX, Cape Canaveral, Florida
13 Free-Flyer (in LEO) vs. Hitchhiker (on ISS) O/OREOS OREOcube SESLO radiation window SEVO sample carousel RadFET Organic film/ environment cells Solar source diffusers sample wheel Sun Angle/ Intensity Sensors MgF 2 /SiO 2 Spacer inorganic organic films Gasket seals RadFET Al 2O 3 Cell housing Free-Flyer: In-situ monitoring Autonomous Propulsion/Attitude control/self-deorbiting Hitchhiker In-situ monitoring plus sample return Autonomous (astronaut installation possible) No Propulsion/Attitude control
14 Payload Technologies: Cross-Cutting Applications PAYLOADS Biology grow & characterize survival, space environment effects: cells, microbes, plants, multicellular organisms PLATFORMS Free Flyers: LEO, Geo, L-points Chemistry characterize in situ: dust, soil, regolith, atmosphere Space environment consequences for materials: engineering, astrochemistry, astrobiology Sensing: radiation, space weather, atmospheric studies Spectroscopy: atmospheres, exospheres, soil volatiles, materials, molecules Imaging & astronomy: Solar system bodies, stars, galaxies, interstellar medium ISS Orbiters: NEO, lunar, planetary Landers Impacters
15 Lunar and Interplanetary Developments LuBiC RASIR Biowells Medium reservoir Measurement spot sensor carousel LuBiC (Lunar Biosentinel Cube): Effect of the lunar radiation environment on living organisms by measuring DNA double-strand breaks, cell membrane damage, oxidative stress response and protein alterations. LuBiC will help to improved radiation countermeasures and biosentinel dosimetry strategies by helping to assess pathogenicity and evaluate/improve radiation damage models & ground studies RASIR (Reactivity Analyzer for Soil, Ices, and Regolith): Represents a next generation SEVO cube, modified for regolith/dust analyses using thin-film chemical sensors in combination with fluorescence, luminescence and/or UV-Vis Reflectance measurements. RASIR will enable characterization of sample reactivity levels by monitoring reactive oxygen and hydrogen species in soil, ices and regolith.
16 Conclusions Nanosats / cubesats can do real science in space! Tools, devices, sensors of bio / nano / micro technologies are key enablers Integration & automation and a remarkable multi-disciplinary team Real-time, in-situ measurements provide insights on dynamics of reactions & processes not available with expose-and-return strategies More launch opportunities, lower cost than conventional space platforms, no reliance on crew training / availability Interplanetary cubesat missions would offer great potentai for astrochemistry and astrobiology
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