Astrophysics from Antarctica: overview of recent science

Transcription

1 Astrophysics from Antarctica: overview of recent science Michael Burton University of New South Wales SCAR Astronomy and Astrophysics from Antarctica 2 nd Workshop Siena, Italy July, 2013

2 Outline Sites and Rationale for Antarctica Recent astrophysics conducted from Antarctica: Neutrinos CMBR THz to Sub-mm Optical Balloons Science themes for the Future SCAR Horizon Plan 10m South Pole Telescope Image: Bob Spotz

3 Background low thermal background Transmission low water vapour Stability of background Precision low scintillation noise Cadence continuous observations Clarity seeing Absorber ice Collector moving ice Image: Michael Burton

4 Image: Michael Burton

5 Astrophysical Results SP F R/A M C Wind Speed A. Monaghan, Byrd Polar Research Center

6 100 years of Astronomy in Antarctica The Adelie Land Meteorite 5 Dec 1912: Bickerton, Whetter & Hodgeman 1923 Ice as a Collector

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9 Aartsen et al., First Observation of PeV Neutrinos with IceCube, 2013, submitted. arxiv:

10 atmospheric muon (blue) + neutrino (red) background + astrophysical E 2 Φ(E) =(3.6±1.2) 10 8 GeVcm 2 s 1 sr 1 IceCube Preliminary IceCube Preliminary energy deposited in the detector zenith angle Aartsen et al., First Observation of PeV Neutrinos with IceCube, 2013, submitted. arxiv:

11 IceCube Steffan Richter

12 CMBR Fluctuations BOOMERanG: McMurdo LBDF ± 0.003K The Universe is flat! 1.2m Telescope + 10-day balloon flight in 1998 E-mode Poln. in 2 nd flight de Bernardis et al. 2000, A flat Universe from high-resolution maps of the cosmic microwave background radiation, Nature, 404, Masi et al. 2003, Instrument, method, brightness and polarization maps from the 2003 flight of BOOMERanG, A&A, 458, 687

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14 The South Pole Telescope SZ Survey Keisler et al. 2011, ApJ, 743, 28 A Measurement of the Damping Tail of the Cosmic Microwave Background Power Spectrum with the South Pole Telescope Acknowledgements: Halverson 2012, IAU GA

15 WMAP vs. SPT

16 Angular Power Spectrum of CMBR (WMAP)+ACBAR+QUaD+SPT: South Pole GHz 1,000 sq deg. 2,000 < l < 9,500 To l=9,500 over 1,000 sq. deg. ΛCDM cosmology (small-l) + Dusty, star-forming galaxies (high-l) Lueker el Measurements of secondary cosmic microwave background anisotropies with the South Pole Telescope, ApJ, 719, 1045

17 CMB Polarization E-mode B mode Gravitational Waves + Weak Lensing?? E mode detections B mode upper limits Challinor, A, 2013, CMB Anisotropy a review, IAU Symp. 288 Astrophysics Antarctica

18 SPT and ALMA Weiss et al, 2013, ApJ, 767, 88. ALMA Redshifts of Millimeter-selected Galaxies from the SPT Survey: The Redshift Distribution of Dusty Star-forming Galaxies

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20 km/s Lee & Stark, 2013 [CI] 1-0 CO GHz CO GHz

21 The Vela Molecular Ridge THz + Sub-mm, BLAST, McMurdo LDBF 50 sq µm Complete census of ~1,000 star forming cores Some cores < 14K Netterfield et al. 2009, BLAST: the mass function, lifetimes and properties of of intermediate mass cores in Vela, ApJ, 707, 1824

22 BLAST Cosmic Infrared Background Devlin, M. et al., Over half the far-infrared background light comes from galaxies at z>1.2, Nature, 458, 737.

23 BLASTPOL Carina 500µm 450µm SPARO 500µm BLASTPOL Pascale, E. 2010, BLAST and BLASTPOL, IAU Symp 288, 154

24 HEAT at Ridge A THz Spectral Imaging Craig Kulesa Michael Ashley, 2013, in prep. [CI] 810 GHz 12 CO 115 GHz 13 CO 110 GHz Mopra

25 Optical Astronomy Cadence + Precision Concordia Station, Dome C Kunlun Station, Dome A

26 ASTEP 400 Dome C WASP-19b Folded Light Curve May 1 21, mmag rms photometry WASP18b: ASTEP (Antarctica) vs. BEST II (Chile) Fruth, T et al., 2012, Joint Planet Hunting with ASTEP and BEST II, Abe, L, 2013, The secondary eclipses of WASP-19b as seen by the ASTEP 400 telescope from Antarctica, A&A, 553, A49.

27 Chinese Small Telescope Array (CSTAR) 15cm telescope i-band pointing at South Celestial Pole 5 x5, 4 months cont. obs; 4 images every 20s Exoplanet cand. RR Lyrae δ Scuti Contact Semi-detached Detached binaries Lingzhi Wang et al., 2011, Photometry of variable stars from Dome A, Antarctica, AJ, 142, 155 Images: NIAOT

28 Mt Erebus BLAST Mark Halpern

29 2013 Long Duration Balloons Heavy element Cosmic Rays Polarized Dust CMB Polarization W. Vernon Jones

30 SuperTIGER Exceeded SPB Flight Record SPB Test 54 days of flight: Balloon remained pressurized- no apparent gas loss. It could have flown indefinitely SuperTIGER 55 days of flight: Vented Zero-Pressure balloon in equilibrium with the atmosphere. The altitude changed with air temperature/ pressure.

31 The SCAR Horizon Scan questions, 338 submitters from 38 countries ~32 astrophysics-related (inc space )

32 Theme Subject Questions # Cosmology Inflation Did it take place? When? 3 Cosmology Dark Energy What is it? 3 Cosmology Mass in the Universe What form does it take and how is it distributed? Particle Physics Neutrinos What are their masses & how do they obtain it? Particle Physics Dark Matter What is it? 1 Galaxy Evolution First Stars and Galaxies Where and how were they born? 2 The Galaxy Molecular Clouds How are they formed? 1 Exo-planets Others solar systems How can we find and characterise inhabitable solar systems? Solar Cosmic Rays What is their energy spectrum? Dust Cosmic Dust Its impacts and effects on the Earth s atmosphere Earth-Sun environment Interactions of solar wind and Earth Physics of the radiation belts, solar wind and space weather 2 11

33 Thank-you