Socio-Economics for Energy: Extreme Laser Pulses for Boron Fusion Power Reactors Heinrich Hora

Transcription

1 Socio-Economics for Energy: Extreme Laser Pulses for Boron Fusion Power Reactors Heinrich Hora University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia Co-oporation with G. Korn, S. Eliezer, N.Nissim, P. Lalousis, S. Moustaizis, G.H. Miley, G.J. Kirchhoff, G. Mourou, C.P.J. Barty, D.H.H. Hoffmann et al.

2 Fusion Energy by Lasers D + T = 4 He + n hydrogen-boron HB11: p + 11 B = 3 4 He(equal energy 2.9 MeV) NO NUCLEAR RADIATION PROBLEM BUT VERY DIFFICULT Radical new option

3 No heat-pressure to ignite fusion c Non-thermal laser fields to ignite by EXTREME LASER DRIVEN Plasma Blocks H. Hora, Phys. Flids 12 (1969) 182; Physics of Laser driven Plamas, Wiley New York 1981, pages ,; Phys. Plasmas (281985) 3706; et al. Phys. Plasmas 14 (2007)

4 (1) Force in plasma f = - p + f NL (thermal) + (non-thermal) Nonlinear force with Maxwell s stress tensor f NL = - [EE + HH - (E 2 + H 2 )1/2 + (1+( / t)/w)(n 2-1)EE]/(4p) - ( / t)e H/(4pc) (1969;1986) Plane wave approximation: Ponderomotion (1967) f NL = - ( x)(e 2 +H 2 )/(8p) = -(w p /w) 2 ( x)(e v2 /n)/(16p) refractive index n = 1 (w p /w) 2 /(1 in/w); w p 2 = 4pe 2 n e /m

5 Initial electron density with a bi-rayleigh profile of 100 wavelength thickness for very low reflection at irradiation by neodymium glass laser radiation.

6 10 18 W/cm ps neodymium laser pulse Deuterium 1978 p. 178 & 179: Hora Physics of Laser Driven Plasmas,, Wiley New York 1981 Ultrahigh >10 20 cm/s 2 acceleration.

7 1978: non-linear force accelerates plasma blocks Confimration from x-ray emission:jie Zhang et al Phys.Rev.E57, 3746 (1998); Phys.Pl.14, (2007):Extreme contrast ratio; No relativistic selffocusing. Dielectric Explosion

8 (2) FIRST MEASUREMENT: >10 20 cm/s 2 FROM DOPPLER SHIFT: R. SAUERBREY, Phys. Plasm. 3, 4712 (1996) No relativistic Self-focusing Exact agreement with 1978 theory Laser & Prt. Beams 22, 439 (2003); Phys.of Plasmas 14, (2007) Repetition: I. Földes, S. Szatmary et al. (2000)

9 Side-on ignition of solid density DT by laser pulse M.S. Chu Needed: - Picosecond Pulse - Energy Flux-density >10 8 Joules/cm 2 IMPOSSIBLE IN 1972

10 Initiation of fusion flame by ps laser pulse. Ignition if electron temperature increases. Chu: Threshold: J/cm 2

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12 T in kev Max Ion Temperature without Inhibition factor and Collective effect 2x10 16 erg/cm 2 1x10 16 erg/cm 2 0.4x10 16 erg/cm 2 0.1x10 16 erg/cm t in nsec PS LASER PULSE INITIATED FUSION FLAME IN HB11. THRESHOLD NEAR DT (BINARY REACTION NO AVALANGE )

13 Plasma block ignition: Nonlinear-force non-thermally driven plasma blocks initiate fusion flame in solid fuel. SURPRIZE 2010: DT or HB11 ARE SAME!! Threshold Energy ps pulse E* > 10 8 J/cm 2 Energy & Environm. Science 3, 479 (2010)

14 Ultrahigh magnetic fields for trapping fusion plasmas Fujioka S. et al. Nature Scientific Reports 3, (2013) 1170

15 (3) Fujioka et al (2013) 10 kilotesla magnetic field kj-ns laser pulse 1 and 30PW-ps laser pulse 2 from plane to cylindric geoemtry

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17 Calculation for 0.1 mm radius; Alpha density N a depending on the radius r at different times (from lowest to highest curves for 100ps, 500ps and 1000ps respectively) showing ignition from the increase of the curves on time. Binary reactions only show IGNITION

18 Boron fusion avalanche fusion as three alpha reaction Measured and explained within non-ideal plasma Labaune et al. Nature Communications 4 (2013) 2506; Picciotto, Margarone et al. Phys. Rev. X4 (2014) ; Hora et al. Laser and Particle Beams 32 (2015) 607; Eliezer et al. Phys. Plasmas 23 (2016) ;

19 Boron laser fusion measurements Belyaev et al. (Mocow) Labaune et al. (Paris) >one Million Picciotto et al. (Prague) one Billion Compare with DT: AVALANCHE Hora. Korn, Margarone et al. Laser & Part. Beams 33 (2015) 607; Eliezer et al.physics of Plasmas 32 (2016)

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21 v / A N N p e 1) 0.4N0 maxu A 1 A 3nB maxu 1/2 f E) E) E de / f E) de (1.2 barn) 0.6MeV =10 [ MeV ] for 0<E<1MeV for 1MeV<E Evaluation following Landau-Lifshitz (Eliezer et al). Extreme non-equilibrium plasma (Fortov et al.)

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23 Abbildung 3

24 10 kilotesla magnetic trapped HB11 solid cylinder 1cm 1mm radius; 30PW-1ps laser pulse 10^20 W/cm^2 laser pulse for block ignition With avalanche. 30 kj laser produces >GJ=277kWh energy in alpha particles; from 1.4 Megavolt potential into power. At one Hertz repetition...up to $300Million gain /a Lalousis et al. Laser and Part. Beams 32 (2014) 409; Hora et al. Laser and Part. Beams 33 (2015) 607

25 Socio: No Carbon into the air Economic: Clean energy Low cost For ever EXTREME LIGHT PULSES: PICOSECONDS & PETA-EXAWATT Lalousis et al Laser and Particle Beams 32 (2014) 409; Hora et al. Laser and Particle Beams 33 (2015) 607; J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 717 (2016) ; Miley et al. J.Phys. Conf. Ser. 717 (2016)

26 Clean Low Cost Sustainble Boron Fusion Laser & Part. Beams 33 (2015) 607 High Power Laser Science and Engneering. 4 (2016) e35 : Eliezer et al Physics of Plasmas 23 (2016)