SEM, SAED, and TEM Investigations of Domain Structure in PZT Ceramics at Morphotropic Phase Boundary
|
|
- Bruce Wilkerson
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Appl. Phys. A 37, (1985) Appli6 t so,., Physics A "" Surfaces 9 Springer-Verlag 1985 SEM, SAED, and TEM Investigations of Domain Structure in PZT Ceramics at Morphotropic Phase Boundary P. G. Lucuta and V. Teodorescu Institute for Physics and Technology of Materials, P.O. Box MG-7, R Bucharest-M~gurele, Romania F. Vasiliu National Institute for Scientific and Technical Creation, Bd. P~cii nr. 220, P.O. Box 5224, R Bucharest, Romania Received 20 November 1984/Accepted 18 January 1985 Abstract. SEM investigations of ferroelectric domain structure in PbZro.s3Tio.4703 are consistent with a model of spatial domain configuration for the piezoelectric ceramics previously proposed for BaTiO3. TEM and SAED results revealed not only the twinning relation of adjacent tetragonal 90 ~ domains but also the simultaneous presence of the ferroelectric rhombohedral phase. A succession model of ferroelectric domains T1RT2RT1... which needs a smaller energy for the rotation of the polarization vector due to the coexistence of a R domain between the two T 90 ~ domains is proposed. This model is also confirmed by the estimated value of elastically stored energy in the mixed wall and by the dependence upon the sintering temperature of T and R unit cell distortions previously measured by x-ray diffraction. PACS: 61.10, 64, 68.55, Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics have a perovskitic structure above its Curie temperature (T~ = 375 ~ C), while by cooling below the Curie temperature they undergo a phase transition from cubic to tetragonal or rhombohedral structure depending on the composition ratio of Zr/Ti [1, 2]. The ferroelectric F T (tetragonal) and FR (rhombohedral) phases occur simultaneously at the morphotropic phase boundary corresponding to a specific Zr/Ti ratio of 53/47 [2-5]. The strain associated with this phase transformation is accomodated by the formation of twins, the ferroelectric 90 ~ domains being thus twin plates in a tetragonal structure. The domain structure in PZT ceramics has been studied by using SEM on etched bulk specimens [6], replica [7] or TEM of PZT thin foils [8,9]. Both 90 ~ and 180 ~ domains are observed and the predominant 90 ~ domains are shown to be deformation twins with displacement along (110) directions on {110} planes. The structure of domain walls in PZT [8] is similar to that suggested for BaTiO 3 [10]. In the present study, the domain structure observed by SEM in PbZro.53Tio.47Oa is discussed in terms of a spatial domain configuration already proposed for BaTiO 3 [11]. On the basis of obtained SAED and TEM results concerning the crystallography of domain walls, a possible model for the coexistence of both ferroelectric F T and F R phases in the same PZT ceramic grain is proposed. 1. Experimental Technique PZT specimens were prepared by the classical ceramic technology (1200 ~ C, 2 h) starting from oxide powders of 99.9% pure reagent grade. Cross sections of ceramic disks parallel to the polarization field were polished and etched prior to the SEM study. PZT foils were
2 238 P.G. Lucuta et al. prepared from bulk disks by mechanical thinning followed by ion bombardment. The ion thinning is performed using an argon ion beam (E = 10 kev) at a small incident angle (~ 10 ~ with respect to the specimen surface (in order to not disturb the domain configuration existing in the ceramic grains). The PZT thin foils were studied by using a JEOL-TEMSCAN 200 Cx electron microscope operating at 200 kv. 2. Results and Discussion 2.1. SEM Investigations The PZT specimens, prepared for SEM investigations, have been previously characterized by x-ray diffraction, establishing the coexistence of both ferroelectric FT and F R phases and allowing an accurate lattice parameter measurement of the associated unit cells [12]. In the F T phase there are only 90 ~ and 180 ~ reorientations of the polarization vector corresponding to adjacent ferroelectric domains9 In the morphotropic phase boundary region, the 90 ~ domains are predominant [2, 8]. Besides the 90 ~ and 180 ~ domains, the 71 ~ and 109 ~ reofientations of polarization vector corresponding to the angles between the adjacent ceil diagonals can very rarely occur in the FR phase [2]. The different possible orientations of the polarization vectors for the two coexistent ferroelectric phases lead to some complex patterns in SEM images where the adjacent domains are twin-related. A SEM micrograph showing various kinds of ferroelectric domains in etched PZT grains is given in Fig. la, the domain thickness varying in a range of0.1~).5 ~tm. The domain structure contains many parallel bands forming angles of either 90 ~ or 45 ~ A magnified detail image has pointed out angles of about 72 ~ between two parallel line sets (Fig. lb). These angular values can be explained by means of a spatial configuration for domain structure, previously proposed for BaTiO3 [11]9 Figure 2 shows a possible domain configuration in a cubic part of a ceramic grain. All 90 ~ walls are {110} planes and the following possible orientations can occur for domain wall orientation in a cube with tetragonal distortion: A = [011], B = [10l-], C = [150] and their normal counterparts: A = [011], B = [101], and C = [110]. The intersection of these walls with the cube faces leads to the domain configuration, shown in Fig. 2, built up of A and B planes (pure 90 ~ domain walls) and of C planes (alternating stripes of 180 ~ and 90 ~ walls)9 On [001] face, the angles between the intersecting lines of A and B planes have 90 ~ whereas angles of 45 ~ are formed between A, B, and C walls. The tracks of A, B walls upon the [100] and [010] faces form angles of 60 ~ In Fig. lb, the angle of about 72 ~ measured between two parallel line sets, shows up due Fig. 1. (a) SEM image of a domain structure in an etched ceramic Pb(Zr0.s3Tio.47)O 3 specimen; (x 2200) (b)detail from (a) showing a 72 ~ angle between two parallel line stripes (x 10,000) c c B 4 Fig. 2. Spatial domain configuration and patterns of domain walls in a cubic part of a ceramic grain (arrows indicate direction of polarization)
3 Domain Structure in PZT Ceramics at Morphotropic Phase Boundary 239 to the projection of the spatial configuration considered onto the [112] or [021] observation planes, leading thus to the theoretical angular values of 71.5 ~ or 69.9 ~, respectively, between the two parallel stripes. The knowledge of the domain configuration allows us to estimate an approximate value for the elastically stored energy density per unit length WJh, caused by the spontaneous strain in the mixed wall, by using the previously derived relation [11]: W~ C11SZ~d 2 h- 64~' (1) where C~ 1 is the average longitudinal elastic constant, S~ the spontaneous strain of crystal lattice, and d the domain thickness. The spontaneous strain S~ has been calculated as S~ = fir = 1- ale for two tetragonal domains cleft along the C wall [11]. Taking into account the homogeneous parameter of deformation, defined by the term: 6 = (d-do)/do, where d is the cell size in the polar axis direction, and do the length of the section adequate to d (in the same direction) for the regular cell which has the same volume as the considered one, it is very easy to shown that in the case of tetragonal cell 6r-~(2/3) (Cr/ar--1) while for a rhombohedral one 6~-~cos~R 1-13]. Therefore, the spontaneous strains associated with the two kinds of crystal structure are S~ r = 6r and S~ = 6g, respectively. For a domain thickness of about 0.5 gm, we obtain the elastic energy density values of 1.3 x 10-3 erg/cm for a tetragonal distortion and 0.9xl0-4erg/cm for a rhombohedral distortion of crystal lattice, calculated from x-ray diffraction data [12]. The obtained values are smaller than those previously estimated for BaTiO 3 [11], the first value being in a Fig. 3. SEM image of a domain structure for oblique incidence of the electron beam (x 1400) better agreement with the theoretically calculated wall energies for 90 ~ domains [14, 15]. The occurrence of mechanical stresses in the region of domain walls in PZT ceramics could explain the relatively broad range of the coexistence of the two FT and F R phases [16]. Complex domain structures can be seen in SEM for an oblique incidence of electron beam with respect to the surface of PZT specimen (Fig. 3), enabling thus the observation of various domain kinds and of some characteristic features of the domain structure inobservable by other techniques TEM Investigations Recent TEM studies of PZT ceramics [8, 9, 17] have shown the occurrence of deformation twins analogous to 90 ~ ferroelectric domains, the domain walls being the very twinning planes. Twinning is due to the stress in ceramic material arising during paraelectric - ferroelectric phase transition or polarization. In Fig. 4a and b is shown a typical 90 ~ domain structure crossing of a ceramic grain, exhibiting contrast fringes similar to those associated with stacking faults. The domain thickness is in a range from 0.10 to 0.15 gm. Many domains contain a varying number of fine "subdomains" having a thickness between 100 and 300 A (Fig. 4c). The parallel stripes have been identified as twin-related 90 ~ domains. Using selected-area diffraction patterns from several domains, the splitting of spots into doublets along the [110] or [011] directions due to twinning on the (110) or (011) planes is observed. The 90 ~ ferroelectric domain configuration is similar to that reported in PbZro.s2Tio.4sO3 consisting in a displacement twinning along the (i 10) on {110} planes [8]. Another 90 ~ ferroelectric domain structure observed in a non-uniform thickness region of a thin PZT foil and the associated SAD pattern showing splittings into doublets and triplets of spots corresponding to highindex planes are shown in Fig. 5a and b. On the basis of previous lattice parameter measurements by x-ray diffraction for FT (at = A, CT=4.120A) and FR(aR=4.080A, ~R=89.73 ~ coexisting phases, the interpretation of diffraction pattern is given in Fig. 5c, where the splitted spots are designed as 301, 2i3, 225. The triplet splitting appears due not only to the twinning relation between two adjacent 90 ~ domains with tetragonal structure [8] but also to the possible local existence of the rhombohedral phase. In the same specimens having a Zr/Ti ratio placed close to the morphotropic phase boundary, the coexistence of the both ferroelectric FT and FR phases has been demonstrated by x-ray diffraction [12]. The 1% elongation of
4 240 P.G. Lucuta et al. Fig. 4. (a) Typical 90 ~ domain configuration in a PZT thin foil; (x 37,000). (b) The same zone as in (a) tilted with 28 ~ ; (x 37,000) (c) Fine "subdomain" structure of 90 ~ ferroelectric domains ( 72,000) diffraction spots, which cause an overlapping of the possible splittings for low dhkr is due to the relative rotation of the crystal lattice appearing at the joining of two mismatched adjacent domains in stressed material. ', Z--'" / \ ", \ -'' ',\ -.%,,./.-,, 9., / / \ -- C uh+vk+w[.--1 uh +vk~-wt=o uh+ v k.,-wt =-' Fig. 5. (a) 90 ~ domain structure in a non-uniform thickness of PZT thin foil; ( (b) associated SAD pattern; (c) interpretation of the SAED pattern given in Co). Tilted (021) zone axis (8.2 ~ tilting angle) corresponds to (173) zone axis
5 Domain Structure in PZT Ceramics at Morphotropic Phase Boundary 241 In order to study the nature of diffraction spot splittings, compact size axes {110} associated with the TEM image from Fig. 6a have been selected. The diffraction pattern (Fig.6b) contains two different tetragonal zone axes (li0)t1 and (10i)x2 corresponding to two adjacent twin-related 90 ~ domains. Besides the doublet spot splitting due to the twinning, the triplet splitting of 333 and 224 spots can be attributed to the occurrence of rhombohedral phase (Fig. 6c). Thus, an additional rhombohedral (ll0)r zone axis has also been considered in Fig. 6c. In Fig. 7 a good fitting is obtained between the theoretically calculated pattern for the triplet splitting of the 224 spot from Fig. 6 and the experimental diffraction pattern. However, a small rotation angle of about 0.3 ~ between the (II0)T1 and (10i)x2 zone axis occurs due to the accommodation of crystal lattice strains induced by internal stress (Fig. 6c). The presence of the rhombohedral phase associated with ferroelectric domain structure can be explained by the occurrence of this phase between the 90 ~ domain walls. Thus, the modification of the P polarization vector direction will take place in the following alternative sequence: [001]~[111]~[010]~[111] --*[001]... corresponding to a repetitive domain succession T1RTzRT1... (Fig. 8). This possible model for the stacking succession of ferroelectric domains leads to a lower energy for the rotation of the polarization vector between two adjacent T domains due to the occurrence of an intermediate step in a R domain limited by two pure 90 ~ walls of T domains. Taking into account that the relative rotation of crystal lattice occurs only at the domain walls (R zones), the rotational distortion is not additive at a complete crossing of all domain walls present in the stacking succession T1RT2RT1... existing in a ceramic grain. The same model explains the small value of spot elongation and their displacement against to the theoretical positions. The suggested stacking succession of domain configuration allows also a rough estimation of elastic strain energy associated with a T-R domain wall where the tetragonal and rhombohedral distortions can be added or subtracted for an ideal joining of two different domains. Thus, the lattice distortions and spontaneous strains oscillate between a lower limit Ss mm= ~rnin = ~T -- 6R (2) and an upper limit S~s ax = ~rnax = 6T "~ ~R' (3) On the basis of (1-3) and the definitions of homogeneous parameters for tetragonal and rhombohedral distortions, a minimum and a maximum value of elastic c Y L/ 242T2 Fig. 6. (a) TEM image of a thick region in a PZT thin foil; ( x 30,000); (b) associated SAED pattern; (c) interpretation of the SAED pattern given in (b) (0.3 ~ rotation angle between (1T0)T~ and (10T)x2 zone axis)
6 242 P.G. Lucuta et at. -11o =r~ H<o1~rz "~l~z/~-1,, O O 22~" R 24.2T2 9 catcutated spols o observed spots Fig, 7. Comparison of observed and calculated triplet splitting for the 224 spot (Fig. 6b) t ~-/ ~403 /,2, I ' Fig. 8. A possible stacking succession of ferroelectric domains T1RTzRT~... corresponding to the alternative sequence: [001] -~ [111] --* [010] --* [111] --* [001]... for direction of polarization vector (both T and R phases are coexistent near the morphotropic phase boundary) applied to PZT in agreement with the angular values derived from etch patterns. 2) The oblique incidence of the electron beam against the specimen surface enables the SEM observation of all kinds of ferroelectric domains in a topographic contrast manner. 3) SAED patterns associated with the domain structure observed in TEM have shown spot splittings (especially for high Miller indices) due to the twinning relation between the adjacent tetragonal 90 ~ domains and to the simultaneous occurrence of ferroelectric rhombohedral phase domains. 4) A simple model, assuming the occurrence of a rhombohedral phase between the 90 ~ domains, is proposed for the modification of polarization vector direction in an alternative sequence: [001]--*[111] --* [t310] ~ [111]--, [001]... corresponding to a repetitive domain succession TIRT2RT1... This crystallographic model is obviously related to the coexistence of T and R phases in the same PZT ceramic grain at the morphotropic phase boundary. 5) For the elastically stored energy in a T-R wall an approximate value ranging from 0.6xl0 -a to 2 x 10 -a erg/cm was estimated for the PZT domain configuration associated with the phase coexistence region, energy density per unit length, stored in domain walls, can be found: Wsmin/h=0.6 x 10.3 erg/cm and l't~ax/h = 2.0 x 10- a erg/cm, respectively. The obtained values are lower than those calculated for BaTiOa [11], the upper value being however in good agreement with the wall energies calculated for 90 ~ T-T walls by various authors [14, 15]. The coexistence of the two ferroelectric phases F T and FR in the same PZT grain has been already suggested for the understanding of piezoelectric properties optimization E4] or of variation trends of lattice parameters with the sintering temperature [12], but no microscopic coexistence model has been proposed. 3. Conclusions The present SEM, SAED, and TEM investigations of ferroelectric domains in Pb(Zro.s3Tio.47)Oa ceramics can be summarized as follows: 1) The model of spatial domain configuration in ceramic grains proposed for BaTiO3 can be also References 1. E. Sawaguchi: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 8, 615 (1953) 2. B.Jaffe, W. Cook, A. Jaffe : Piezoetectric Ceramics (Academic, London 1971) 3. W. Wersing: Ferroelectrics 7, 163 (1974) 4. V. A. Isupov: Fiz. Tverd. Tela 10, 1244 (1968) 5. P. Ari-Gur, L. Benguigui: J. Phys. DS, 1856 (1975) 6. S.S. Chiang: M.S. Thesis: Univ. of California, Berkeley (1978) LBL No R. Gerson: J. Appl. Phys. 31, 188 (1960) 8. E.K.W. Goo, ILK. Mishra, G. Thomas: J. Appl. Phys. 52, 2940 (1981) 9. Yu-Jin Chang: Appl. Phys. A29, 237 (1982) 10. S.I. Yakunin: Soy. Phys. Solid State 14, 310 (1972) 11. G. Arit, P. Sasko: J. Appl. Phys. 51, 4956 (1980) 12. F. Vasiliu, P.Gr. Lucuta, F. Constantinescu: Phys. Stat. Solidi (a) 80, 637 (1983) 13. E.G. Fesenko, W.S. Filipev, M.F. Kupriyanov: Fiz. Tverd. Tela 11, 466 (1969) 14. V.A. Zhirnov: Soy. Phys. - JETP 35, 822 (1959) 15. L.N. Bulaevski: Sov. Phys. - Solid State 5, 2329 (1964) 16. T. Kala: Phys. Star. Solidi (a) 78, 277 (1983) 17. T. Malis, H. Gleiter: Phys, Stat. Solidi (a) 56, K87 (1979)
Dielectric Properties and Lattice Distortion in Rhombohedral Phase Region and Phase Coexistence Region of PZT Ceramics
Commun. Theor. Phys. (Beijing, China) 43 (2005) pp. 855 860 c International Academic Publishers Vol. 43, No. 5, May 15, 2005 Dielectric Properties and Lattice Distortion in Rhombohedral Phase Region and
More informationDetermination of the lead titanate zirconate phase diagram by the measurements of the internal friction and Young s modulus
Materials Science-Poland, Vol. 25, No. 3, 2007 Determination of the lead titanate zirconate phase diagram by the measurements of the internal friction and Young s modulus R. ZACHARIASZ *, A. ZARYCKA, J.
More informationlead-free perovskite piezoelectric ceramics Cheuk W. Tai * and Y. Lereah Department of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering,
Nano-scale oxygen octahedral tilting in 0.90(Bi 1/2 Na 1/2 )TiO 3-0.05(Bi 1/2 K 1/2 )TiO 3-0.05BaTiO 3 lead-free perovskite piezoelectric ceramics Cheuk W. Tai * and Y. Lereah Department of Physical Electronics,
More informationRelaxor characteristics of ferroelectric BaZr 0.2 Ti 0.8 O 3 ceramics
Materials Science-Poland, Vol. 27, No. 3, 2009 Relaxor characteristics of ferroelectric BaZr 0.2 Ti 0.8 O 3 ceramics C. FU 1, 2*, F. PAN 1, W. CAI 1, 2, X. DENG 2, X. LIU 2 1 School of Materials Science
More information5. Building Blocks I: Ferroelectric inorganic micro- and nano(shell) tubes
5. Building Blocks I: Ferroelectric inorganic micro- and nano(shell) tubes 5.1 New candidates for nanoelectronics: ferroelectric nanotubes In this chapter, one of the core elements for a complex building
More informationHigh tunable dielectric response of Pb 0.87 Ba 0.1 La 0.02 (Zr 0.6 Sn 0.33 Ti 0.07 ) O 3 thin film
Journal of Applied Physics, 2010, Volume 108, Issue 4, paper number 044107 High tunable dielectric response of Pb 0.87 Ba 0.1 La 0.02 (Zr 0.6 Sn 0.33 Ti 0.07 ) O 3 thin film T. M. Correia and Q. Zhang*
More informationMicromechanical modeling and simulation of piezoceramic materials
Micromechanical modeling and simulation of piezoceramic materials B. Delibas 1, A. Arockia Rajan 1 & W. Seemann 2 1 Workgroup for Machine Dynamics, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Germany 2 Institut
More informationFerroelectric materials contain one or more polar axes along which a spontaneous
Chapter 3 Ferroelectrics 3.1 Definition and properties Ferroelectric materials contain one or more polar axes along which a spontaneous polarization can be developed below the material s Curie temperature.
More informationRoger Johnson Structure and Dynamics: Displacive phase transition Lecture 9
9.1. Summary In this Lecture we will consider structural phase transitions characterised by atomic displacements, which result in a low temperature structure that is distorted compared to a higher temperature,
More informationAdaptive ferroelectric states in systems with low domain wall energy: Tetragonal microdomains
Adaptive ferroelectric states in systems with low domain wall energy: Tetragonal microdomains Y. M. Jin, Y. U. Wang, A. G. Khachaturyan, J. F. Li, and D. Viehland Citation: Journal of Applied Physics 94,
More informationA novel type of incommensurate phase in quartz: The elongated-triangle phase
A novel type of incommensurate phase in quartz: The elongated-triangle phase P. Saint-Grégoire, E. Snoeck and C. Roucau CEMES-LOE, BP 4347, 31055, Toulouse, Cédex, France I. Luk yanchuk L. D. Landau Institute
More informationFerroelectricity. Phase transition. Material properties. 4/12/2011 Physics 403 Spring
Ferroelectricity. Phase transition. Material properties 4/12/211 Physics 43 Spring 211 1 Ferroelectricity. outline Ferroelectricity. Definition Discovery Main properties Phenomenological theory Some materials
More informationEffect of Ni doping on structural and dielectric properties of BaTiO 3
Indian Journal of Engineering & Materials Sciences Vol. 16, December 2009, pp. 390-394 Effect of Ni doping on structural and dielectric properties of BaTiO 3 Yogeswar Kumar a, Md Ahamad Mohiddon a, Alok
More informationThe Monoclinic Phase in PZT: New Light on Morphotropic Phase Boundaries
The Monoclinic Phase in PZT: New Light on Morphotropic Phase Boundaries B. Noheda 1,J.A.Gonzalo Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco 28049, Spain R. Guo, S.-E. Park, L.E. Cross Materials Reasearch
More informationPiezoelectric materials for MEMS applications Hiroshi Funakubo Tokyo Institute of Technology
Piezoelectric materials for MEMS applications Hiroshi Funakubo Tokyo Institute of Technology MEMS Engineer Forum 2016/5/11 11:50-12:15 Content 1. Introduction 2. Processing 3. Materials Matter Content
More informationDepth profile study of ferroelectric PbZr 0.2 Ti 0.8 O 3 films
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS VOLUME 92, NUMBER 11 1 DECEMBER 2002 Depth profile study of ferroelectric PbZr 0.2 Ti 0.8 O 3 films Y. Li, V. Nagarajan, S. Aggarwal, R. Ramesh, L. G. Salamanca-Riba, and L.
More informationThin Film Bi-based Perovskites for High Energy Density Capacitor Applications
..SKELETON.. Thin Film Bi-based Perovskites for High Energy Density Capacitor Applications Colin Shear Advisor: Dr. Brady Gibbons 2010 Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction... 1 1.1 Motivation and Objective...
More informationAddition 1. Shear Stack Piezoelectric Elements and Shear Effect Basics
120 Addition 1 Shear Stack Piezoelectric Elements and Shear Effect Basics Introduction The STM scanner built up in this work is a Besocke type scanner (see room temperature STM instrumental chapter). The
More informationLandau-Ginzburg model for antiferroelectric phase transitions based on microscopic symmetry
PHYSICAL REVIEW B VOLUME 62, NUMBER 2 1 JULY 2000-II Landau-Ginzburg model for antiferroelectric phase transitions based on microscopic symmetry Richard A. Hatt Materials Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania
More informationStructural Analysis and Dielectric Properties of Cobalt Incorporated Barium Titanate
AMANTULLA MANSURI, ASHUTOSH MISHRA School of Physics, Devi Ahilya University, Khandwa road campus, Indore, 452001, India Corresponding author: a.mansuri14@gmail.com Abstract The polycrystalline samples
More informationFerroelectricity. Phase transition. Material properties
Ferroelectricity. Phase transition. Material properties BaTiO 3 DKDP KDP PZN-PT(9%) PMN-PT(30%) PMN-PT(40%) 4/1/2016 Physics 403 Spring 2016 1 Ferroelectricity. outline Ferroelectricity. Definition Discovery
More informationTemperature-dependent phase transitions in Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)0.93Ti0.07O3 crystal
Temperature-dependent phase transitions in Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)0.93Ti0.07O3 crystal Authors: R. R. Chien, V. Hugo Schmidt, Chi-Shun Tu, F. -T. Wang & L. C. Lim This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published
More informationDouble-peak switching current in soft ferroelectric lead zirconate titanate Kamel, T.M.; de With, G.
Double-peak switching current in soft ferroelectric lead zirconate titanate Kamel, T.M.; de With, G. Published in: Journal of Applied Physics DOI: 10.1063/1.2767188 Published: 01/01/2007 Document Version
More informationSTABILITY OF MECHANICAL AND DIELECTRIC PARAMETERS IN PZT BASED CERAMICS JAN ILCZUK, JUSTYNA BLUSZCZ, RADOSŁAW ZACHARIASZ
STABILITY OF MECHANICAL AND DIELECTRIC PARAMETERS IN PZT BASED CERAMICS JAN ILCZUK, JUSTYNA BLUSZCZ, RADOSŁAW ZACHARIASZ University of Silesia, Faculty of Computer and Material Sciences, Department of
More informationPHASE-FIELD SIMULATION OF DOMAIN STRUCTURE EVOLUTION IN FERROELECTRIC THIN FILMS
Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 652 2001 Materials Research Society PHASE-FIELD SIMULATION OF DOMAIN STRUCTURE EVOLUTION IN FERROELECTRIC THIN FILMS Y. L. Li, S. Y. Hu, Z. K. Liu, and L. Q. Chen Department
More information2 ( º ) Intensity (a.u.) Supplementary Figure 1. Crystal structure for composition Bi0.75Pb0.25Fe0.7Mn0.05Ti0.25O3. Highresolution
Intensity (a.u.) Y Obs Y Cal Y Obs - Y Cal Bragg position Cc 20 40 60 80 100 2 ( º ) Supplementary Figure 1. Crystal structure for composition Bi0.75Pb0.25Fe0.7Mn0.05Ti0.25O3. Highresolution X-ray diffraction
More informationIntroduction to solid state physics
PHYS 342/555 Introduction to solid state physics Instructor: Dr. Pengcheng Dai Professor of Physics The University of Tennessee (Room 407A, Nielsen, 974-1509) Chapter 13: Dielectrics and ferroelectrics
More informationThe electric field induced strain behavior of single. PZT piezoelectric ceramic fiber
The electric field induced strain behavior of single PZT piezoelectric ceramic fiber Xiong Yang a, Jing Zhou a,*, Sen Zhang a, Jie Shen b, Jing Tian a, Wen Chen a, Qi Zhang ac a State Key Laboratory of
More informationEffect of domains configuration on crystal structure in ferroelectric ceramics as revealed by XRD and dielectric spectrum
Bull. Mater. Sci., Vol. 4, No. 6, October 217, pp. 11591163 DOI 1.17/s1234-17-1467- Indian Academy of Sciences Effect of domains configuration on crystal structure in ferroelectric ceramics as revealed
More informationCrystal structure and electrical properties of bismuth sodium titanate zirconate ceramics
NANO EXPRESS Open Access Crystal structure and electrical properties of bismuth sodium titanate zirconate ceramics Ampika Rachakom 1, Panupong Jaiban 1, Sukanda Jiansirisomboon 1,2 and Anucha Watcharapasorn
More informationTheerachai Bongkarn 1, Naratip Vittayakorn 2 and Gobwute Rujijanagul 3. Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand. Chiang Mai Thailand
NU Science Journal 2005; 2(1): 21 32 Perovskite Phase Formation, Phase Transition and Ferroelectric Properties of PZN-based Ceramics Theerachai Bongkarn 1, Naratip Vittayakorn 2 and Gobwute Rujijanagul
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL
SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL Multiphase Nanodomains in a Strained BaTiO3 Film on a GdScO3 Substrate Shunsuke Kobayashi 1*, Kazutoshi Inoue 2, Takeharu Kato 1, Yuichi Ikuhara 1,2,3 and Takahisa Yamamoto 1, 4
More informationA Comparison of the Cc and R3c Space Groups for the Superlattice Phase of. Pb(Zr 0.52 Ti 0.48 )O 3
1 A Comparison of the Cc and R3c Space Groups for the Superlattice Phase of Pb(Zr 0.52 Ti 0.48 )O 3 Ragini, Akhilesh Kumar Singh, Rajeev Ranjan and Dhananjai Pandey* School of Materials Science and Technology,
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information Structural Evidence for Strong Coupling between Polarization Rotation and Lattice Strain in Monoclinic Relaxor Ferroelectrics Hui Liu, Jun Chen,*, Longlong Fan, Yang Ren, Lei Hu,
More informationMonte Carlo Simulation of Ferroelectric Domain Structure: Electrostatic and Elastic Strain Energy Contributions
Monte Carlo Simulation of Ferroelectric Domain Structure: Electrostatic and Elastic Strain Energy Contributions B.G. Potter, Jr., B.A. Tuttle, and V. Tikare Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque, NM
More informationMesoscale constitutive behavior of ferroelectrics
Graduate Theses and Dissertations Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations 009 Mesoscale constitutive behavior of ferroelectrics Mesut Varlioglu Iowa State University Follow this and additional
More informationThermal activation of ferroelectric switching
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS 103, 014101 2008 Thermal activation of ferroelectric switching K. B. Chong, F. Guiu, and M. J. Reece a Centre for Materials Research, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End
More informationSupplementary Information
Supplementary Information Large Electrocaloric Effect in Relaxor Ferroelectric and Antiferroelectric Lanthanum Doped Lead Zirconate Titanate Ceramics Biao Lu, Peilian Li, Zhenghua Tang, Yingbang Yao, Xingsen
More informationPiezo materials. Actuators Sensors Generators Transducers. Piezoelectric materials may be used to produce e.g.: Piezo materials Ver1404
Noliac Group develops and manufactures piezoelectric materials based on modified lead zirconate titanate (PZT) of high quality and tailored for custom specifications. Piezoelectric materials may be used
More informationIntermediate ferroelectric orthorhombic and monoclinic M B phases in [110] electric-field-cooled Pb Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 O 3 30%PbTiO 3 crystals
Intermediate ferroelectric orthorhombic and monoclinic M B phases in [110] electric-field-cooled Pb Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 O 3 30%PbTiO 3 crystals Hu Cao, Feiming Bai, Naigang Wang, Jiefang Li, and D. Viehland
More informationDeepam Maurya 1*, Yuan Zhou 1, Yaojin Wang 2, Yongke Yan 1, Jiefang Li 2, Dwight Viehland 2, and Shashank Priya 1*
Giant strain with ultra-low hysteresis and high temperature stability in grain oriented lead-free K0.5Bi0.5TiO3-BaTiO3-Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 piezoelectric materials: supplementary information Deepam Maurya 1*,
More informationA Nanoscale Shape Memory Oxide
A Nanoscale Shape Memory Oxide Jinxing Zhang 1,2*, Xiaoxing Ke 3*, Gaoyang Gou 4, Jan Seidel 2,5, Bin Xiang 6,9, Pu Yu 2,7, Wen-I Liang 8, Andrew M. Minor 9,10, Ying-hao Chu 8, Gustaaf Van Tendeloo 3,
More informationCitation PHYSICAL REVIEW B (2002), 66(6) RightCopyright 2002 American Physical So
Title Structural investigation of deposited on Pt(001)/MgO(001) Pb-y(Zr subst Author(s) Matsunaga, T; Hosokawa, T; Umetani, Kanno, I Citation PHYSICAL REVIEW B (2002), 66(6) Issue Date 2002-08-01 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/50137
More informationDielectric and ferroelectric characteristics of barium zirconate titanate ceramics prepared from mixed oxide method
Journal of Alloys and Compounds 462 (2008) 129 134 Dielectric and ferroelectric characteristics of barium zirconate titanate ceramics prepared from mixed oxide method F. Moura a,1, A.Z. Simões a,, B.D.
More informationDielectric, Piezoelectric and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Lead Titanate based Ferroelectric Thin films
Dielectric, Piezoelectric and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Lead Titanate based Ferroelectric Thin films Ferroelectric oxides with perovskite structure has gained lot of interest from research as well
More informationEffect of grain size on the electrical properties of Ba,Ca Zr,Ti O 3 relaxor ferroelectric ceramics
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS 97, 034109 (2005) Effect of grain size on the electrical properties of Ba,Ca Zr,Ti O 3 relaxor ferroelectric ceramics Xin-Gui Tang a) Faculty of Applied Physics, Guangdong University
More informationPhase Transitions in Strontium Titanate
Phase Transitions in Strontium Titanate Xinyue Fang Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Abstract Strontium Titanate SrTiO 3 (STO) is known to undergo an antiferrodistortive
More informationMSE 201A Thermodynamics and Phase Transformations Fall, 2008 Problem Set No. 7
MSE 21A Thermodynamics and Phase Transformations Fall, 28 Problem Set No. 7 Problem 1: (a) Show that if the point group of a material contains 2 perpendicular 2-fold axes then a second-order tensor property
More informationFerroelectrics and ferroelectric domains
Ferroelectrics and ferroelectric domains MatjažPanjan mentor: dr. Peter Prelovšek. April 003 Abstract This seminar gives introduction to ferroelectricity, ferroelectric domains and domain walls. There
More informationMicro-Brilouin scattering study of field cooling effects on ferroelectric relaxor PZN-9%PT single crystals
Micro-Brilouin scattering study of field cooling effects on ferroelectric relaxor PZN-9%PT single crystals Jae-Hyeon Ko 1 *, Do Han Kim 2, Seiji Kojima 2, D. C. Feng 3 1 Department of Physics, Hallym University,
More informationTable of Content. Mechanical Removing Techniques. Ultrasonic Machining (USM) Sputtering and Focused Ion Beam Milling (FIB)
Table of Content Mechanical Removing Techniques Ultrasonic Machining (USM) Sputtering and Focused Ion Beam Milling (FIB) Ultrasonic Machining In ultrasonic machining (USM), also called ultrasonic grinding,
More informationEffect of Ba content on the stress-sensitivity of the antiferroelectric to ferroelectric phase transition in (Pb,La,Ba,)(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3 ceramics
Materials Science and Engineering Publications Materials Science and Engineering 2014 Effect of Ba content on the stress-sensitivity of the antiferroelectric to ferroelectric phase transition in (Pb,La,Ba,)(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3
More informationABSTRACT. strontium calcium titanate-barium zirconate titanate xbsct-(1-x)bzt
ABSTRACT Title of thesis: MORPHOTROPIC PHASE BOUNDARY ENGINEERING IN FERROELECTRICS Yueying Liu, Master of Science, 2013 Thesis Directed By: Professor Manfred Wuttig Department of Materials Science and
More informationInfluence of short-range and long-range order on the evolution of the morphotropic phase boundary in Pb Zr 1 x Ti x O 3
PHYSICAL REVIEW B 70, 184123 (2004) Influence of short-range and long-range order on the evolution of the morphotropic phase boundary in Pb Zr 1 x Ti x O 3 A. M. Glazer Physics Department, University of
More informationAnalysis and interpretation of diffraction data from complex, anisotropic materials
Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate College 1 Analysis and interpretation of diffraction data from complex, anisotropic materials Goknur Tutuncu Iowa State University Follow this and additional
More informationFirst-principles calculations of piezoelectricity and polarization rotation in Pb Zr 0.5 Ti 0.5 O 3
First-principles calculations of piezoelectricity and polarization rotation in Pb Zr 0.5 Ti 0.5 O 3 Zhigang Wu and Henry Krakauer Department of Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia
More informationNucleation and evaporation of domains due to electric field at room temperature in BaTiO 3 single crystals
Bull. Mater. Sci., Vol. 38, No. 5, September 2015, pp. 1423 1427. Indian Academy of Sciences. Nucleation and evaporation of domains due to electric field at room temperature in BaTiO 3 single ystals C
More informationFerroelectric Domain Morphology Evolution and Octahedral Tilting in Lead-Free
Ferroelectric Domain Morphology Evolution and Octahedral Tilting in Lead-Free (Bi 1/2 Na 1/2 )TiO 3 -(Bi 1/2 K 1/2 )TiO 3 -(Bi 1/2 Li 1/2 )TiO 3 -BaTiO 3 Ceramics at Different Temperatures Cheuk Wai Tai
More informationNewcastle University eprints
Newcastle University eprints Ponon NK, Appleby DJR, Arac E, Kwa KSK, Goss JP, Hannemann U, Petrov PK, Alford NM, O'Neill A. Impact of Crystalline Orientation on the Switching Field in Barium Titanate Using
More informationElectro-shape-memory effect in Mn-doped BaTiO 3 single crystals and in situ observation of the reversible domain switching
Materials Science and Engineering A 438 440 (2006) 354 359 Electro-shape-memory effect in Mn-doped BaTiO 3 single crystals and in situ observation of the reversible domain switching L.X. Zhang a,b,c,,x.ren
More informationIn situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Study on the Phase Transitionsin Lead-Free (1 x)(bi1/ 2Na1/2)TiO3 xbatio3 Ceramics
Materials Science and Engineering Publications Materials Science and Engineering 2011 In situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Study on the Phase Transitionsin Lead-Free (1 x)(bi1/ 2Na1/2)TiO3 xbatio3
More informationPhysical and Dielectric Properties of Silver Lithium Niobate Mixed Ceramic System
American Journal of Materials Science and Engineering, 213, Vol. 1, No. 3, 54-59 Available online at http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajmse/1/3/5 Science and Education Publishing DOI:1.12691/ajmse-1-3-5 Physical
More informationPhase diagram and piezoelectric response of (Ba 1 x Ca x )(Zr 0.1 Ti 0.9 )O 3 solid solution
FAST TRACK COMMUNICATION Phase diagram and piezoelectric response of (Ba 1 x Ca x )(Zr.1 Ti.9 )O 3 solid solution Desheng Fu 1, Yuto Kamai 1, Naonori Sakamoto 1, Naoki Wakiya 1, Hisao Suzuki 1 and Mitsuru
More information, MgAl 2. and MgO irradiated with high energy heavy ions O 3
Surface defects in Al 2, MgAl 2 O 4 and MgO irradiated with high energy heavy ions V.A.Skuratov 1, S.J. Zinkle 2 A.E.Efimov 1, K.Havancsak 3 1 Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, JINR, Dubna, Russia
More informationAberration-corrected TEM studies on interface of multilayered-perovskite systems
Aberration-corrected TEM studies on interface of multilayered-perovskite systems By Lina Gunawan (0326114) Supervisor: Dr. Gianluigi Botton November 1, 2006 MSE 702(1) Presentation Outline Literature Review
More informationAP5301/ Name the major parts of an optical microscope and state their functions.
Review Problems on Optical Microscopy AP5301/8301-2015 1. Name the major parts of an optical microscope and state their functions. 2. Compare the focal lengths of two glass converging lenses, one with
More informationG. Ravichandran Aeronautics & Mechanical Engineering Graduate Aeronautical Laboratories California Institute of Technology
Multi-Disciplinary University Initiative Army Research Office Engineering Microstructural Complexity in Ferroelectric Devices Mechanical Characterization G. Ravichandran Aeronautics & Mechanical Engineering
More informationFerroelectric Materials
Ferroelectric Materials The permanent electric dipole moment possessed by all pyroelectric [polar] materials may, in certain cases, be reoriented by the application of an electric field. Such crystals
More informationModifying the Electrical Properties of Ba 0 85 Ca 0 15 Zr 0 1 Ti 0 9 O 3 Ceramics by the Nanocrystals-Induced Method
Copyright 2016 American Scientific Publishers All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Article Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol. 16, 1 6, 2016 www.aspbs.com/jnn Modifying
More information1. Chapter 1: Introduction
1. Chapter 1: Introduction Non-volatile memories with ferroelectric capacitor materials are also known as ferroelectric random access memories (FRAMs). Present research focuses on integration of ferroelectric
More informationDomain and Phase Change Contributions to Response in High Strain Piezoelectric Actuators
Domain and Phase Change Contributions to Response in High Strain Piezoelectric Actuators L. Eric Cross Evan Pugh Professor Emeritus of Electrical Engineering Materials Research Laboratory The Pennsylvania
More informationStructural dynamics of PZT thin films at the nanoscale
Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 902E 2006 Materials Research Society 0902-T06-09.1 Structural dynamics of PZT thin films at the nanoscale Alexei Grigoriev 1, Dal-Hyun Do 1, Dong Min Kim 1, Chang-Beom
More informationElectric Field- and Temperature-Induced Phase Transitions in High-Strain Relaxor- Based Ferroelectric Pb(Mg1 /3Nb2/3)1 - xtixo3 Single Crystals
Electric Field- and Temperature-Induced Phase Transitions in High-Strain Relaxor- Based Ferroelectric Pb(Mg1 /3Nb2/3)1 - xtixo3 Single Crystals Authors: R. R. Chien, V. Hugo Schmidt, C.-S. Tu, F.-T. Wang,
More informationAN X-RAY DIFFRACTION STUDY OF PMN PT CERAMICS IN THE REGION OF THE RELAXOR TRANSITION
2 nd Canada-US CanSmart Workshop 10-11 October 2002, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. AN X-RAY DIFFRACTION STUDY OF PMN PT CERAMICS IN THE REGION OF THE RELAXOR TRANSITION H.W. King and S.H. Ferguson University
More informationFerroelectric Ceramic Technology for Sensors. Jim McIntosh Ceramic Operations Manager PCB Piezotronics
Ferroelectric Ceramic Technology for Sensors Jim McIntosh Ceramic Operations Manager PCB Piezotronics Overview Ferroelectricity versus Piezoelectricity Historical Background Ferroelectric Ceramic Composition
More informationStress-Induced Phase Transition in Pb(Zr 1/2 Ti 1/2 )O 3
Stress-Induced Phase Transition in Pb(Zr 1/2 Ti 1/2 )O 3 Nicholas J. Ramer, Steven P. Lewis, E. J. Mele, and Andrew M. Rappe, Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics and Laboratory for Research
More informationElectric field dependent sound velocity change in Ba 1 x Ca x TiO 3 ferroelectric perovskites
Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Physics Vol. 49, February 2011, pp. 132-136 Electric field dependent sound velocity change in Ba 1 x Ca x TiO 3 ferroelectric perovskites Dushyant Pradeep, U C Naithani
More informationMicrostructure evolution during BaTiO 3 formation by solid-state reactions on rutile single crystal surfaces
Journal of the European Ceramic Society 25 (2005) 2201 2206 Microstructure evolution during BaTiO 3 formation by solid-state reactions on rutile single crystal surfaces Andreas Graff a,, Stephan Senz a,
More informationCopyright and moral rights for this thesis are retained by the author
Villaurrutia Arenas, Rafael (2010) Microstructure, nanostructure, and local crystallography in perovskite ferroelectrics and antiferroelectrics. PhD thesis. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2362/ Copyright and
More informationTitle of file for HTML: Supplementary Information Description: Supplementary Figures and Supplementary References
Title of file for HTML: Supplementary Information Description: Supplementary Figures and Supplementary References Supplementary Figure 1. SEM images of perovskite single-crystal patterned thin film with
More informationStudy the Effect of Dopants on Structural and Electrical Properties of BaTiO 3 Perovskite Ceramics
International Journal of Pure and Applied Physics. ISSN 0973-1776 Volume 13, Number 1 (2017), pp. 101-107 Research India Publications http://www.ripublication.com Study the Effect of Dopants on Structural
More informationMODELING AND SIMULATION OF PIEZOCERAMIC MATERIALS USING MICROMECHANICAL APPROACH
European Congress on Computaional Methods in Applied Sciences and Engineering ECCOMAS 2004 P.Neittaanmäki, T.Rossi, K.Majava, and O.Pironneau (eds.) R.Owen and M.Mikkola (assoc. eds.) Jyväskylä, 24-28
More informationThe Antiferroelectric Ferroelectric Phase Transition in Lead-Containing and Lead-Free Perovskite Ceramics
Materials Science and Engineering Publications Materials Science and Engineering 2011 The Antiferroelectric Ferroelectric Phase Transition in Lead-Containing and Lead-Free Perovskite Ceramics Xiaoli Tan
More informationEffect of Domain Wall Motion and Phase Transformations on Nonlinear Hysteretic Constitutive Behavior in Ferroelectric Materials
Effect of Domain Wall Motion and Phase Transformations on Nonlinear Hysteretic Constitutive Behavior in Ferroelectric Materials A Dissertation Presented to The Academic Faculty By Kyle Grant Webber In
More informationInternational Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development
Scientific Journal of Impact Factor (SJIF): 4.72 International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development Volume 4, Issue 9, September -2017 e-issn (O): 2348-4470 p-issn (P): 2348-6406 Analytic
More informationEffect of interfacial dislocations on ferroelectric phase stability and domain morphology in a thin film a phase-field model
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS VOLUME 94, NUMBER 4 15 AUGUST 2003 Effect of interfacial dislocations on ferroelectric phase stability and domain morphology in a thin film a phase-field model S. Y. Hu, Y. L.
More informationAlfred University theses are copyright protected and may be used for education or personal research only. Reproduction or distribution in part or
Alfred University theses are copyright protected and may be used for education or personal research only. Reproduction or distribution in part or whole is prohibited without written permission from the
More informationCitation JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS (2003),
Crystallographic characterization o Titlefilms with different Zr/Ti ratio gr magnetron sputtering Author(s) Kanno, I; Kotera, H; Wasa, K; Matsu Takayama, R Citation JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS (2003), Issue
More informationFerroelectric Materials and Their Applications
Ferroelectric Materials and Their Applications Yuhuan Xu University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA J» m 1991 NORTH-HOLLAND AMSTERDAM LONDON NEW YORK TOKYO Foreword by L.E. Cross Foreword by S.B. Lang
More informationSOLID STATE 18. Reciprocal Space
SOLID STATE 8 Reciprocal Space Wave vectors and the concept of K-space can simplify the explanation of several properties of the solid state. They will be introduced to provide more information on diffraction
More informationSupplementary Materials for
advances.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2/3/e1501725/dc1 Supplementary Materials for Discovery of natural MgSiO3 tetragonal garnet in a shocked chondritic meteorite The PDF file includes: Naotaka Tomioka,
More informationChapter 20: Convergent-beam diffraction Selected-area diffraction: Influence of thickness Selected-area vs. convergent-beam diffraction
1 Chapter 0: Convergent-beam diffraction Selected-area diffraction: Influence of thickness Selected-area diffraction patterns don t generally get much better when the specimen gets thicker. Sometimes a
More informationBridging to the Continuum Scale for Ferroelectric Applications
Bridging to the Continuum Scale for Ferroelectric Applications Shanfu Zheng and Alberto Cuitiño Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Rutgers University Alejandro Strachan Materials Engineering, Purdue
More informationConstructing Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire Type Models for Ferroelectric Systems Based on Symmetry
701 GFER A 3395 October 18, 008 11:19 GFER #3395, VOL 375, ISS 1 Constructing Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire Type Models for Ferroelectric Systems Based on Symmetry WENWU CAO QUERY SHEET This page lists questions
More informationPHASE TRANSITIONS IN DOPED AND UNDOPED LEAD ZIRCONATE TITANATE PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIALS
PHASE TRANSITIONS IN DOPED AND UNDOPED LEAD ZIRCONATE TITANATE PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIALS A.BOUZID 1,*, Z. ROUABAH 1, M. GABBAY 2 and G. FANTOZZI 2 1 Materials and Electronic Systems Laboratory, MESL, Universityof
More informationCrystallographic structure Physical vs Chemical bonding in solids
Crystallographic structure Physical vs Chemical bonding in solids Inert gas and molecular crystals: Van der Waals forces (physics) Water and organic chemistry H bonds (physics) Quartz crystal SiO 2 : covalent
More informationPIEZOELECTRIC TECHNOLOGY PRIMER
PIEZOELECTRIC TECHNOLOGY PRIMER James R. Phillips Sr. Member of Technical Staff CTS Wireless Components 4800 Alameda Blvd. N.E. Albuquerque, New Mexico 87113 Piezoelectricity The piezoelectric effect is
More informationUser s Manual. STUDY OF DIELECTRIC CONSTANT Model: DEC-01
User s Manual STUDY OF DIELECTRIC CONSTANT Model: DEC-01 Manufactured by.. Scientific Equipment & Services 358/1, New Adarsh Nagar, Roorkee - 247 667, UA, INDIA Ph.: +91-1332-272852, 277118 Fax: +91-1332-274831
More informationApplied Surface Science
Applied Surface Science 255 (2009) 4293 4297 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Applied Surface Science journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/apsusc Influence of the substrate on ferroelectric
More informationAn equivalent dipole analysis of PZT ceramics and lead-free piezoelectric single crystals
JOURNAL OF ADVANCED DIELECTRICS Vol. 6, No. 2 (216) 1651 (5 pages) The Author(s) DOI: 1.1142/S21135X16517 by UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS on 6/2/16. For personal use only. An equivalent dipole analysis of PZT ceramics
More information