Non Tangential Convergence for the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Semigroup.

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Non Tangential Convergence for the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Semigroup."

Transcription

1 Divulgacions Matmáticas Vol. 6 No. (008), pp Non Tangntial Convrgnc for th Ornstin-Uhlnbck Smigroup. Convrgncia no tangncial para l smigrupo d Ornstin-Uhlnbck Ebnr Pinda (pinda@uicm.ucla.du.v) Dpartamnto d Matmática, Dcanato d Cincia y Tcnología, UCLA Apartado 400 Barquisimto 300 Vnzula Wilfrdo Urbina R.(wurbina@ulr.cins.ucv.v) Dpartamnto d Matmáticas, Facultad d Cincias, UCV. Apartado 4795, Los Chaguaramos, Caracas 04-A Vnzula, and Dpartmnt of Mathmatics and Statistics, Univrsity of Nw Mxico, Albuqurqu, NM, 873, USA. Abstract In this papr w ar going to gt th non tangntial convrgnc, in an appropriatd parabolic gaussian con, of th Ornstin-Uhlnbck smigroup in providing two proofs of this fact. On is a dirct proof by using th truncatd non tangntial maximal function associatd. Th scond on is obtaind by using a gnral statmnt. This scond proof also allows us to gt a similar rsult for th Poisson-Hrmit smigroup. Ky words and phrass: Non tangntial convrgnc, Ornstin- Uhlnbck smigroup, Poisson-Hrmit smigroup, Hrmit xpansions. Rsumn En st artículo vamos a obtnr la convrgncia no tangncial, n un cono gaussiano parabólico apropiado, dl smigrupo d Ornstin- Uhlnbck dando dos prubas difrnts d llo. La primra s una pruba dircta usando la función maximal no tangncial truncada asociada. La sgunda pruba s obtin usando principios gnrals. Esta última pruba nos prmit obtnr un rsultado análogo para l smigrupo d Poisson-Hrmit. Palabras y frass clavs: Convrgncia no tangncial, smigrupo d Ornstin-Uhlnbck, smigrupo d Poisson-Hrmit, dsarrollos d Hrmit. Rcivd 006/03/05. Rvisd 006/07/0. Accptd 006/07/5. MSC (000): Primary 4C0; Scondary 6A99.

2 08 Ebnr Pinda, Wilfrdo Urbina Introduction Lt us considr th Gaussian masur γ d (x) x π d/ Ornstin-Uhlnbck diffrntial oprator with x R d and th L x x, x. () Lt β (β,..., β d ) N d b a multi-indx, lt β! d i β i!, β d i β i, i x i, for ach i d and β β... β d d. Lt us considr th normalizd Hrmit polynomial of ordr β, in d variabls d h β (x) ( ) β i β i x ( β β!) / i i x β ( x i i ), () i thn, sinc th on dimnsional Hrmit polynomials satisfis th Hrmit quation, s [7], thn th th normalizd Hrmit polynomial h β is an ignfunction of L, with ignvalu β, Lh β (x) β h β (x). (3) Givn a function f L (γ d ) its β-fourir-hrmit cofficint is dfind by ˆf(β) < f, h β > γd f(x)h β (x)γ d (dx). R d Lt C n b th closd subspac of L (γ d ) gnratd by th linar combinations of {h β : β n}. By th orthogonality of th Hrmit polynomials with rspct to γ d it is asy to s that {C n } is an orthogonal dcomposition of L (γ d ), L (γ d ) which is calld th Winr chaos. Lt J n b th orthogonal projction of L (γ d ) onto C n. If f is a polynomial, J n f ˆf(β)h β. β n Th Ornstin-Uhlnbck smigroup {T t } t 0 is givn by T t f(x) t ( x + y ) t x,y ( t ) d/ t f(y)γ d (dy) R d y t x π d/ ( t ) d/ t f(y)dy. (4) n0 R d C n Divulgacions Matmáticas Vol. 6 No. (008), pp. 07 4

3 Non Tangntial Convrgnc for th Ornstin-Uhlnbck Smigroup. 09 {T t } t 0 is a strongly continuous Markov smigroup of contractions on L p (γ d ), with infinitsimal gnrator L. Also, by a chang of variabl w can writ, T t f(x) f( t u + t x)γ d (du). (5) R d Dfinition.. Th maximal function for th Ornstin-Uhlnbck smigroup is dfind as T f(x) sup T t f(x) t>0 sup 0<r< π d/ ( r ) y rx d/ r f(y)dy. (6) R d In [4] C. Gutiérrz and W. Urbina obtaind th following inquality for th maximal function T f, T f(x) C d M γd f(x) + ( x ) d x f,γd, (7) whr M γd f is th Hardy-Littlwood maximal function of f with rspct to th gaussian masur γ d, M γd f(x) sup f(y) γ d (dy). (8) r>0 γ d (B(x, r)) B(x,r) Unfortunatly, this inquality only allows to gt th wak (,) continuity of T f in th on dimnsional cas, d, but allows to gt a pointwis convrgnc rsult. Svral rsults of this papr, s Lmma. and Thorm., us tchniqus containd in that papr. If f L (γ d ), u(x, t) T t f(x) is a solution of th initial valu problm { u (x, t) Lu(x, t) t u(x, 0) f(x) whr u(x, 0) f(x) mans that lim u(x, t) f(x), a.. x t 0 + W want to prov that this convrgnc is also non-tangntial in th following sns. Lt { } Γ p γ(x) (y, t) R d+ + : y x < t x (9) Divulgacions Matmáticas Vol. 6 No. (008), pp. 07 4

4 0 Ebnr Pinda, Wilfrdo Urbina b a parabolic gaussian con. W want to prov that lim T t f(y) f(x), a.. x (y,t) x,(y,t) Γ p γ(x) Using th Bochnr subordination formula (s [6]), λ π 0 u u λ /4u du, w dfin th Poisson-Hrmit smigroup {P t } t 0 as P t f(x) π 0 u u T t /4uf(x)du. (0) {P t } t 0 is also a strongly continuous smigroup on L p (γ d ), with infinitsimal gnrator ( L) /. From (4) w obtain, aftr th chang of variabl r t /4u, P t f(x) π (d+)/ R d 0 t xp ( t /4 log r ) ( ) xp y rx r dr f(y)dy. () ( log r) 3/ ( r ) d/ r Dfinition.. Th maximal function for th Poisson-Hrmit smigroup is dfind as P f(x) sup P t f(x). () t>0 If f L (γ d ), u(x, t) P t f(x) is solution of th initial valu problm u (x, t) Lu(x, t) t u(x, 0) f(x) whr u(x, 0) f(x) mans that lim u(x, t) f(x), a.. x t 0 + W want to prov that this convrgnc, for th Poisson-Hrmit smigroup, is also non-tangntial in th following sns. Lt { Γ γ (x) (y, t) R d+ + : y x < t } x, (3) Divulgacions Matmáticas Vol. 6 No. (008), pp. 07 4

5 Non Tangntial Convrgnc for th Ornstin-Uhlnbck Smigroup. b a gaussian con. Also w want to prov that lim P tf(y) f(x), a.. x (y,t) x,(y,t) Γ γ(x) In ordr to study th non-tangntial convrgnc for th Ornstin-Uhlnbck smigroup w ar going to considr th following maximal function, that was dfind by L. Forzani and E. Fabs [3]. Dfinition.3. Th non tangntial maximal function associatd to th Ornstin-Uhlnbck smigroup is dfind as Tγ f(x) sup T t f(y). (4) (y,t) Γ p γ(x) Using an inquality for a gnralizd maximal function, obtaind by L. Forzani in [] (for mor dtails s [8] pag and 88 9), it can b provd that Tγ f is wak (, ) and strong (p, p) for < p <, with rspct to th Gaussian masur. Actually for th non-tangntial convrgnc for th Ornstin-Uhlnbck smigroup it is nough to considr a truncatd maximal function. Lt Γ p (x) { (y, t) R d+ + : y x < t, 0 < t < x }, (5) 4 b a truncatd parabolic gaussian con. Dfinition.4. Th truncatd non-tangncial maximal function associatd to th Ornstin-Uhlnbck smigroup is dfind as T f(x) sup T t f(y). (6) (y,t) Γ p (x) In th nxt lmma w ar going to gt a inquality bttr than (8) for th truncatd non tangntial maximal function T f, which implis, immdiatly, that T f is wak (, ) and strong (p, p) for < p <, with rspct to th gaussian masur. Lmma.. T f(x) C d M γd f(x), (7) for all x R d Divulgacions Matmáticas Vol. 6 No. (008), pp. 07 4

6 Ebnr Pinda, Wilfrdo Urbina Proof. Lt us tak u(y, t) T t f(y) and without loss of gnrality lt us assum f 0. Lt a o 0 and a j j, j N, thn a j < a j+ j N, and lt us dnot A j (y, t) {u R d : a j ( t ) t y u < a j ( t ) }, th annulus with cntr t y. Now considr for ach j N th ball with cntr t y, and radius a j ( t ) and lt us dnot it by B j (y, t) B( t y, a j ( t ) ), thn A j (y, t) B j (y, t) \ B j (y, t) u(y, t) π d ( t ) d π d ( t ) d R d j t f(u)du A j (y,t) t f(u)du Now if (y, t) Γ p (x) and t y u < a j ( t ) thn, t x u t x t y + t y u t (x y) + t y u < t t + a j ( t ) < t + a j ( t ) < ( + a j )( t ), sinc t < t if t < 0.8 Considring C j (x, t) B( t x, ( + a j )( t ) ), w hav u(y, t) π d ( t ) d a j j C j (x,t) f(u)du Divulgacions Matmáticas Vol. 6 No. (008), pp. 07 4

7 Non Tangntial Convrgnc for th Ornstin-Uhlnbck Smigroup. 3 Now, f(u)du f(u) u u du C j (x,t) C j (x,t) f(u) u t x + t x.(u t x)+ t x u du C j (x,t) (+aj) ( t )+(+a j)( t ) t x + t x f(u) u du C j(x,t) but, t x u < ( + a j )( t ) and thrfor, x u x t x + t x u < ( t ) x +( + a j )( t ). w gt Taking C j(x,t) D j (x, t) B(x, ( t ) x +( + a j )( t ) ), f(u) u du D j(x,t) f(u) u du M γd f(x) u du M γd f(x) u x +x(x u) x du D j (x,t) D j (x,t) M γd f(x) x D j (x,t) u x + x x u du M γd f(x) x + x (( t ) x +(+a j )( t ) ) M γd f(x) x + x (( t ) x +(+a j)( t ) ) D j (x,t) E j(x,t) u x du w dw whr E j (x, t) B(0, ( t ) x +( + a j )( t ) ). Sinc γ d is a d dimnsional masur, and using that t < x 4, w gt Divulgacions Matmáticas Vol. 6 No. (008), pp. 07 4

8 4 Ebnr Pinda, Wilfrdo Urbina C j (x,t) f(u) u du C d M γd f(x) x + x (( t ) x +(+a j )( t ) ) (( t ) x +( + a j )( t ) ) d C d M γd f(x) x + x (( t ) x +(+a j )( t ) ( t ) d (( t ) x +( + aj)( + t ) ) d C d M γd f(x) x + ( t ( t ) d t ) ( ( t ) t +(+a j ) ( t ) t + ( + a j )( + t ) ) d. Thrfor C j (x,t) f(u) du (+a j ) ( t )+(+aj ) ( t ) + t x t C j (x,t) f(u) u du (+a j ) ( t )+(+aj ) ( t ) t + x C d M γd f(x) x + ( t ) t +(+a j ) ( t ) t ( t ) d ( ( t ) t + ( + a j )( + t ) ) d t ) (+a j ) ( )+4(+aj ) ( + ( t ) t t ( t ) d ( ) ( t ) d + ( + a j)( + t ) C d M f(x) γd t (+a j ) ( )+4(+a j ) +.( t ) d ( + ( + aj ) ) d C d M γd f(x), sinc 0 < t < 4 and t t <, + t <, if t > 0. Divulgacions Matmáticas Vol. 6 No. (008), pp. 07 4

9 Non Tangntial Convrgnc for th Ornstin-Uhlnbck Smigroup. 5 Thus, u(y, t) π d ( t ) d j a j C j (x,t) f(u)du C d M γd f(x) π d ( + t ) d ( t ) d a j (+a j ) ( )+4(+a j ) + ( t ) d ( + ( + aj) ) d j C d M γd f(x) π a j +(+a j ) ( )+4(+a j ) + ( + ( + a j ) ) d, j sinc + t. Now it is asy to s that a j + ( + a j) ( ) + 4( + aj) [ (( ) + 4 ) + j] j, which is ngativ for j sufficintly big, thn a j +(+a j ) ( )+4(+a j ) +.( + ( + a j). ) d <. j Thus u(y, t) C d M γd f(x) and sinc (y, t) Γ p (x) is arbitrary T f(x) sup u(y, t) C d M γd f(x). (y,t) Γ p (x) Now w ar rady to stablish th convrgnc rsult for th Ornstin-Uhlnbck smigroup. Thorm.. Th Ornstin-Uhlnbck smigroup {T tf} convrgs in L (γ d ) a. if t 0 +, for any function f L (γ d ), lim u(x, t) f(x), a.. x (8) t 0 + Morovr, if u(y, t) T t f(y) thn u(y, t) tnds to f(x) non tangntially,i.. Proof. W hav, lim T tf(y) f(x), a.. x. (9) (y,t) x,(y,t) Γ p γ (x) u(y, t) π d ( t ) d R d t f(u)du, Divulgacions Matmáticas Vol. 6 No. (008), pp. 07 4

10 6 Ebnr Pinda, Wilfrdo Urbina considring Ωf(x) lim α 0 + [ sup u(y, s) f(x) (y,s) Γ p γ (x),0<s<α and lt us st f(x) f(x)χ (0,k) + f(x)(i χ (0,k) ) f (x) + f (x), for k N fix. Lt us prov that Ωf(x) C d M γd f (x), a., for x k. Lt us considr x a Lbsgu s point for f L (γ d ), i.. x vrifis lim f(u) f(x) γ d (du) 0 r 0 + γ d (B(x; r)) B(x;r) Thn givn ɛ > 0 thr xists 0 < δ < such that f(u) f(x) γ d (du) < ɛ, γ d (B(x; r)) B(x;r) for 0 < r < δ. Lt us dfin g as g(u) dpnds on x and M γd g(x) < ɛ. On th othr hand, sinc whr thn w gt, { f(u) f(x) if u x δ 0 if u x > δ u(y, t) f(x) u (y, t) f (x) + u (y, t) f (x) u i (y, t) π d ( t ) d R d u (y, t) f (x) π d ( t ) d t f i(u)du i,, R d t (f (u) f (x))du ], Thus g π d ( t ) d x u δ t (f (u) f (x))du + π d ( t ) d x u >δ t (f (u) f (x))du. Now w hav that if x k and (y, t) Γ p γ(x) with t < x (y, t) Γ p (x). Thus u x δ implis u u x + x u x + x < δ + k < + k k 4, thn Divulgacions Matmáticas Vol. 6 No. (008), pp. 07 4

11 Non Tangntial Convrgnc for th Ornstin-Uhlnbck Smigroup. 7 and thn, f (u) f(u) f (x) f(x). Thrfor π d ( t ) d π d ( t ) d π d ( t ) d x u δ x u δ R d T g(x) C d M γd g(x) C d ɛ. t (f (u) f (x))du t (f(u) f(x))du t g(u)du Now obsrv that if (y, t) Γ p γ(x) and t u x u y + y x and thus δ thn, u x > δ implis δ < δ < u y + y x < u y +t u y + δ, thus u y > δ. Thrfor, π d ( t ) d u x >δ t (f (u) f (x))du π d ( t ) d π d ( t ) d u x >δ + f (x) π d ( t ) d u y > δ + f π d ( t ) d (x) t f (u) du u x >δ t f (u) du u x >δ t du t du. Divulgacions Matmáticas Vol. 6 No. (008), pp. 07 4

12 8 Ebnr Pinda, Wilfrdo Urbina Now, w hav π d ( t ) d π d ( t ) d π d ( t ) d π d ( t ) d u y > δ u y > δ, u <k u y > δ, u <k u y > δ, u <k t f (u) du t f (u) du t f(u) du t u f(u) u du Thn for 0 < t < log k π d ( t ) d u y > t y u t f(u) u du. δ, u <k ( 4k + δ 4k + δ ) ; u y > δ, u < k implis that t y u t y t u + t u u t (y u) (u t u) but 0 < t < log t y u u t u t y u ( t ) u ( ) t δ δ k( t ) t + k k, ( ) 4k + δ and thrfor t > 4k + δ 4k + δ 4k + δ, thn, t ( δ + k ) k > 4k + δ 4k + δ ( δ + k ) k 4k + δ (k + δ) k 4(k + δ) 4k + δ 4 k 4k + δ 4k 4 δ 4. Divulgacions Matmáticas Vol. 6 No. (008), pp. 07 4

13 Non Tangntial Convrgnc for th Ornstin-Uhlnbck Smigroup. 9 Thrfor u y > δ, u < k implis t y u > δ 4 and thus π d ( t ) d k π d ( t ) d u y > δ t f (u) du u y > δ, u <k δ 6( t ) f(u) u du δ 6( t ) +k f(u) u δ 6( t ) +k du f π d ( t ) d R d π d ( t ) d,γd On th othr hand, taking th chang of variabl s u t y, w hav π d ( t ) d f (x) π d ( t ) d f(x) π d ( t ) d f (x) u x >δ t du x s t y >δ x s t y >δ s t ds s t ds, sinc, f (x) f(x) as x ( k < k. ) k δ/ Thus taking 0 < t < log, x s t y > δ implis k 3δ/4 But s s x + t y + x t y s x + t y ( t y x) s x + t y t y x. t y x t y t x + t x x t y x +( t ) x Thus, sinc t δ, t t + ( t )(k ). s x + t y t y x > δ t t ( t )(k ) δ t δ (k )( t ) δ (k ) + (k δ ) t, Divulgacions Matmáticas Vol. 6 No. (008), pp. 07 4

14 0 Ebnr Pinda, Wilfrdo Urbina ( ) k δ/ and as 0 < t < log, thn t > k 3δ/4 k 3δ/4 k δ/. Hnc, s > δ (k ) + (k δ/) t > δ (k ) + (k δ/) k 3δ/4 k δ/ δ (k ) + k 3δ/4 δ 3δ/4 δ 4. Thn x s t y > δ implis s > δ ( ) k δ/ 4 if 0 < t < log. k 3δ/4 s Thrfor, taking w, t π d ( t ) d f(x) π d ( t ) d f(x) π d u y > δ t f (u) du s t ds s > δ 4 w dw. w > δ 4 t Now sinc, x k < k, thnf (x) 0. Hnc u (y, t) f (x) u (y, t) T f (x) C d M γd f (x) for (y, t) Γ p (x). Thrfor, u(y, t) f(x) u (y, t) f (x) + u (y, t) f (x) u (y, t) f (x) + u (y, t) C d ɛ + if (y, t) Γ p γ(x) and δ 6( t ) +k ( t ) d { 0 < t < min log f,γd + f(x) π d w dw w > δ 4 t +C d M γd f (x), ( ) ( ) 4k + δ k δ/, log, 4k + δ k 3δ/4 x } : a. 4 Divulgacions Matmáticas Vol. 6 No. (008), pp. 07 4

15 Non Tangntial Convrgnc for th Ornstin-Uhlnbck Smigroup. Thus taking suprmum on (y, t) Γ p γ(x), 0 < t < α < a and thn taking α 0 + w obtain, Ωf(x) C d (ɛ + M γd f (x)) for all ɛ > 0 and almost vry x with x k. Givn ɛ > 0, lt us tak k sufficintly larg such that f,γd C d ɛ, thn by th stimation of Ω and th wak continuity of M γd w gt γ d ({x R d : x k, Ωf(x) > ɛ}) ɛ and that implis that Ωf(x) 0 a.. A similar proof for th Poisson-Hrmit smigroup, using th non-tangntial maximal function dfind as P γ f(x) sup P t f(y), (0) (y,t) Γ γ (x) and its analogous truncatd vrsion, should b possibl but it has som tchnical difficultis that w hav bn unabl to ovrcom so far. Lt us now prov a gnral statmnt for familis of linar oprators that will allow us to gt a simplr proof of th non-tangntial convrgnc, both for th Ornstin-Uhlnbck smigroup and also for th Poisson-Hrmit smigroup. It is a gnralization of Thorm. of J. Duoandikotxa s book []. Thorm.3. Lt {T t} t>0 b a family of linar oprators on L p (R d, µ) and for any x R d, lt Γ(x) b a subst of R d+ + such that x is in (Γ(x)), that is to say x is an accumulation point of Γ(x). Lt us dfin T f(x) sup{ T tf(y) : (y, t) Γ(x)}, for f L p (R d, µ) and x R d. If T is wak (p, q) thn th st { } S f L p (R d, µ) : lim Ttf(y) f(x) a.. is closd in L p (R d, µ). Proof. Lt us considr a squnc (f n) in S such that f n f in L p (R d, µ), thn T tf(y) f(x) T tf n(y) f n(x) T t(f f n)(y) (f(x) f n(x)), this implis that for ach n N, for almost vry x, Divulgacions Matmáticas Vol. 6 No. (008), pp. 07 4

16 Ebnr Pinda, Wilfrdo Urbina lim sup T t f(y) f(x) lim sup T t(f f n)(y) (f(x) f n(x)) lim sup T t (f f n )(y) + lim sup f(x) f n (x) T (f f n )(x) + f(x) f n (x). On th othr hand, if w know that a b + c thn a > λ implis b > λ c > λ. Thn, givn λ > 0 and n N, lim sup T t f(y) f(x) > λ implis and this implis that, givn λ > 0, ({ T (f f n )(x) > λ f(x) f n(x) > λ a.. µ x : lim sup T tf(y) f(x) > λ }) µ ({ x : T (f f n )(x) > λ }) ({ +µ x : f(x) f n (x) > λ }) for all n N. Thrfor, ({ µ x : ( C λ f ) q fn p + ( ) p f fn p, λ lim sup T tf(y) f(x) > λ and sinc this is tru for all λ > 0, w gt that ({ as { x : µ x : lim sup T tf(y) f(x) > 0 lim sup T tf(y) f(x) > 0 { n x : } }) }) 0 0, lim sup T t f(y) f(x) > n }. Divulgacions Matmáticas Vol. 6 No. (008), pp. 07 4

17 Non Tangntial Convrgnc for th Ornstin-Uhlnbck Smigroup. 3 Thus lim Ttf(y) f(x) a.. and thn f S. Thrfor S is a closd st in L p (R d, µ). Finally, as a consqunc of this rsult, w gt th non-tangntial convrgnc for th Ornstin-Uhlnbck smigroup {T t } t>0 and th Poisson-Hrmit smigroup {P t } t>0. Corollary.4. Th Ornstin-Uhlnbck smigroup {T t } t>0 and th Poisson-Hrmit smigroup {P t} t>0 vrify lim T tf(y) f(x) a.. x, (y,t) x,(y,t) Γ p γ (x) lim P t f(y) f(x) a.. x. (y,t) x,(y,t) Γ γ (x) Proof. Lt us discuss th proof for th th Ornstin-Uhlnbck smigroup {T t } t>0. Th proof for th Poisson-Hrmit smigroup {P t} t>0 is totally similar. It is immdiat that for any givn polynomial f(x) n ( k0 J kf(x), sinc T t f(y) T n t k0 J kf(y) ) n k0 tk J k f(y), w hav th non-tangntial convrgnc, for all x R d. Now considring th st S { lim T t f(y) f(x), (y,t) x,(y,t) Γ p γ (x) f L p (γ d ) : lim T tf(y) f(x) a.. (y,t) x,(y,t) Γ p γ (x) corrsponding to th Ornstin-Uhlnbck smigroup, thn th polynomials ar in S. From th prvious rsult, sinc non-tangntial maximal function for th Ornstin- Uhlnbck smigroup Tγ f is wak (, ) with rspct to th Gaussian masur, w gt that th st S is closd in L p (γ d ) and sinc th polynomials ar dns in L p (γ d ) thn S L p (γ d ). }, Acknowldgmnt W want to thank th rfrs for thir suggstions and/or corrctions that improvd th prsntation of this papr. Divulgacions Matmáticas Vol. 6 No. (008), pp. 07 4

18 4 Ebnr Pinda, Wilfrdo Urbina Rfrncs [] Duoandikotxa, J. Fourir Analysis, Graduatd Studis in Mathmatics, Volum 9, AMS, R. I., 00. [] Forzani, L. Lmas d cubriminto d tipo Bsicovitch y su aplicación al studio dl oprador maximal d Ornstin-Uhlnbck. Tsis d Doctorado. Univrsidad Nacional d San Luis, Argntina, 993. [3] Forzani, L., Fabs, E. Unpublishd manuscript, 994. [4] Gutiérrz, C., Urbina, W., Estimats for th maximal oprator of th Ornstin- Uhlnbck smigroup. Proc. Amr. Math. Soc. 3 (99), [5] Sjögrn P., Oprators associatd with th Hrmit Smigroup-A Survy, J. Fourir Anal. Appl., (3)(997), [6] Stin E., Singular Intgrals and Diffrntiability Proprtis of Functions, Princton Univ. Prss, Princton, Nw Jrsy, 970. [7] Szgö, G., Orthogonal polynomials, rv. d., Amr. Math. Soc. Colloq. Publ., vol. 3, Amr. Math. Soc., Providnc, R. I., 959. [8] Urbina W.m Análisis Armónico Gaussiano: una visión panorámica, Trabajo d Ascnso, Facultad d Cincias, UCV, 998. Availabl in [9] Zygmund, A., Trigonomtric Sris, nd. d., Cambridg Univ. Prss., Cambridg, 959. Divulgacions Matmáticas Vol. 6 No. (008), pp. 07 4

The Matrix Exponential

The Matrix Exponential Th Matrix Exponntial (with xrciss) by D. Klain Vrsion 207.0.05 Corrctions and commnts ar wlcom. Th Matrix Exponntial For ach n n complx matrix A, dfin th xponntial of A to b th matrix A A k I + A + k!

More information

The Matrix Exponential

The Matrix Exponential Th Matrix Exponntial (with xrciss) by Dan Klain Vrsion 28928 Corrctions and commnts ar wlcom Th Matrix Exponntial For ach n n complx matrix A, dfin th xponntial of A to b th matrix () A A k I + A + k!

More information

Derangements and Applications

Derangements and Applications 2 3 47 6 23 Journal of Intgr Squncs, Vol. 6 (2003), Articl 03..2 Drangmnts and Applications Mhdi Hassani Dpartmnt of Mathmatics Institut for Advancd Studis in Basic Scincs Zanjan, Iran mhassani@iasbs.ac.ir

More information

Deift/Zhou Steepest descent, Part I

Deift/Zhou Steepest descent, Part I Lctur 9 Dift/Zhou Stpst dscnt, Part I W now focus on th cas of orthogonal polynomials for th wight w(x) = NV (x), V (x) = t x2 2 + x4 4. Sinc th wight dpnds on th paramtr N N w will writ π n,n, a n,n,

More information

ON RIGHT(LEFT) DUO PO-SEMIGROUPS. S. K. Lee and K. Y. Park

ON RIGHT(LEFT) DUO PO-SEMIGROUPS. S. K. Lee and K. Y. Park Kangwon-Kyungki Math. Jour. 11 (2003), No. 2, pp. 147 153 ON RIGHT(LEFT) DUO PO-SEMIGROUPS S. K. L and K. Y. Park Abstract. W invstigat som proprtis on right(rsp. lft) duo po-smigroups. 1. Introduction

More information

Cramér-Rao Inequality: Let f(x; θ) be a probability density function with continuous parameter

Cramér-Rao Inequality: Let f(x; θ) be a probability density function with continuous parameter WHEN THE CRAMÉR-RAO INEQUALITY PROVIDES NO INFORMATION STEVEN J. MILLER Abstract. W invstigat a on-paramtr family of probability dnsitis (rlatd to th Parto distribution, which dscribs many natural phnomna)

More information

Recall that by Theorems 10.3 and 10.4 together provide us the estimate o(n2 ), S(q) q 9, q=1

Recall that by Theorems 10.3 and 10.4 together provide us the estimate o(n2 ), S(q) q 9, q=1 Chaptr 11 Th singular sris Rcall that by Thorms 10 and 104 togthr provid us th stimat 9 4 n 2 111 Rn = SnΓ 2 + on2, whr th singular sris Sn was dfind in Chaptr 10 as Sn = q=1 Sq q 9, with Sq = 1 a q gcda,q=1

More information

Chapter 10. The singular integral Introducing S(n) and J(n)

Chapter 10. The singular integral Introducing S(n) and J(n) Chaptr Th singular intgral Our aim in this chaptr is to rplac th functions S (n) and J (n) by mor convnint xprssions; ths will b calld th singular sris S(n) and th singular intgral J(n). This will b don

More information

LINEAR DELAY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION WITH A POSITIVE AND A NEGATIVE TERM

LINEAR DELAY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION WITH A POSITIVE AND A NEGATIVE TERM Elctronic Journal of Diffrntial Equations, Vol. 2003(2003), No. 92, pp. 1 6. ISSN: 1072-6691. URL: http://jd.math.swt.du or http://jd.math.unt.du ftp jd.math.swt.du (login: ftp) LINEAR DELAY DIFFERENTIAL

More information

Spectral Synthesis in the Heisenberg Group

Spectral Synthesis in the Heisenberg Group Intrnational Journal of Mathmatical Analysis Vol. 13, 19, no. 1, 1-5 HIKARI Ltd, www.m-hikari.com https://doi.org/1.1988/ijma.19.81179 Spctral Synthsis in th Hisnbrg Group Yitzhak Wit Dpartmnt of Mathmatics,

More information

Limiting value of higher Mahler measure

Limiting value of higher Mahler measure Limiting valu of highr Mahlr masur Arunabha Biswas a, Chris Monico a, a Dpartmnt of Mathmatics & Statistics, Txas Tch Univrsity, Lubbock, TX 7949, USA Abstract W considr th k-highr Mahlr masur m k P )

More information

cycle that does not cross any edges (including its own), then it has at least

cycle that does not cross any edges (including its own), then it has at least W prov th following thorm: Thorm If a K n is drawn in th plan in such a way that it has a hamiltonian cycl that dos not cross any dgs (including its own, thn it has at last n ( 4 48 π + O(n crossings Th

More information

10. The Discrete-Time Fourier Transform (DTFT)

10. The Discrete-Time Fourier Transform (DTFT) Th Discrt-Tim Fourir Transform (DTFT Dfinition of th discrt-tim Fourir transform Th Fourir rprsntation of signals plays an important rol in both continuous and discrt signal procssing In this sction w

More information

On the irreducibility of some polynomials in two variables

On the irreducibility of some polynomials in two variables ACTA ARITHMETICA LXXXII.3 (1997) On th irrducibility of som polynomials in two variabls by B. Brindza and Á. Pintér (Dbrcn) To th mmory of Paul Erdős Lt f(x) and g(y ) b polynomials with intgral cofficints

More information

Calculus II (MAC )

Calculus II (MAC ) Calculus II (MAC232-2) Tst 2 (25/6/25) Nam (PRINT): Plas show your work. An answr with no work rcivs no crdit. You may us th back of a pag if you nd mor spac for a problm. You may not us any calculators.

More information

ON A SECOND ORDER RATIONAL DIFFERENCE EQUATION

ON A SECOND ORDER RATIONAL DIFFERENCE EQUATION Hacttp Journal of Mathmatics and Statistics Volum 41(6) (2012), 867 874 ON A SECOND ORDER RATIONAL DIFFERENCE EQUATION Nourssadat Touafk Rcivd 06:07:2011 : Accptd 26:12:2011 Abstract In this papr, w invstigat

More information

Engineering 323 Beautiful HW #13 Page 1 of 6 Brown Problem 5-12

Engineering 323 Beautiful HW #13 Page 1 of 6 Brown Problem 5-12 Enginring Bautiful HW #1 Pag 1 of 6 5.1 Two componnts of a minicomputr hav th following joint pdf for thir usful liftims X and Y: = x(1+ x and y othrwis a. What is th probability that th liftim X of th

More information

SCHUR S THEOREM REU SUMMER 2005

SCHUR S THEOREM REU SUMMER 2005 SCHUR S THEOREM REU SUMMER 2005 1. Combinatorial aroach Prhas th first rsult in th subjct blongs to I. Schur and dats back to 1916. On of his motivation was to study th local vrsion of th famous quation

More information

Equidistribution and Weyl s criterion

Equidistribution and Weyl s criterion Euidistribution and Wyl s critrion by Brad Hannigan-Daly W introduc th ida of a sunc of numbrs bing uidistributd (mod ), and w stat and prov a thorm of Hrmann Wyl which charactrizs such suncs. W also discuss

More information

ABEL TYPE THEOREMS FOR THE WAVELET TRANSFORM THROUGH THE QUASIASYMPTOTIC BOUNDEDNESS

ABEL TYPE THEOREMS FOR THE WAVELET TRANSFORM THROUGH THE QUASIASYMPTOTIC BOUNDEDNESS Novi Sad J. Math. Vol. 45, No. 1, 2015, 201-206 ABEL TYPE THEOREMS FOR THE WAVELET TRANSFORM THROUGH THE QUASIASYMPTOTIC BOUNDEDNESS Mirjana Vuković 1 and Ivana Zubac 2 Ddicatd to Acadmician Bogoljub Stanković

More information

NEW APPLICATIONS OF THE ABEL-LIOUVILLE FORMULA

NEW APPLICATIONS OF THE ABEL-LIOUVILLE FORMULA NE APPLICATIONS OF THE ABEL-LIOUVILLE FORMULA Mirca I CÎRNU Ph Dp o Mathmatics III Faculty o Applid Scincs Univrsity Polithnica o Bucharst Cirnumirca @yahoocom Abstract In a rcnt papr [] 5 th indinit intgrals

More information

BINOMIAL COEFFICIENTS INVOLVING INFINITE POWERS OF PRIMES. 1. Statement of results

BINOMIAL COEFFICIENTS INVOLVING INFINITE POWERS OF PRIMES. 1. Statement of results BINOMIAL COEFFICIENTS INVOLVING INFINITE POWERS OF PRIMES DONALD M. DAVIS Abstract. If p is a prim and n a positiv intgr, lt ν p (n dnot th xponnt of p in n, and u p (n n/p νp(n th unit part of n. If α

More information

COMPUTER GENERATED HOLOGRAMS Optical Sciences 627 W.J. Dallas (Monday, April 04, 2005, 8:35 AM) PART I: CHAPTER TWO COMB MATH.

COMPUTER GENERATED HOLOGRAMS Optical Sciences 627 W.J. Dallas (Monday, April 04, 2005, 8:35 AM) PART I: CHAPTER TWO COMB MATH. C:\Dallas\0_Courss\03A_OpSci_67\0 Cgh_Book\0_athmaticalPrliminaris\0_0 Combath.doc of 8 COPUTER GENERATED HOLOGRAS Optical Scincs 67 W.J. Dallas (onday, April 04, 005, 8:35 A) PART I: CHAPTER TWO COB ATH

More information

BSc Engineering Sciences A. Y. 2017/18 Written exam of the course Mathematical Analysis 2 August 30, x n, ) n 2

BSc Engineering Sciences A. Y. 2017/18 Written exam of the course Mathematical Analysis 2 August 30, x n, ) n 2 BSc Enginring Scincs A. Y. 27/8 Writtn xam of th cours Mathmatical Analysis 2 August, 28. Givn th powr sris + n + n 2 x n, n n dtrmin its radius of convrgnc r, and study th convrgnc for x ±r. By th root

More information

Introduction to Arithmetic Geometry Fall 2013 Lecture #20 11/14/2013

Introduction to Arithmetic Geometry Fall 2013 Lecture #20 11/14/2013 18.782 Introduction to Arithmtic Gomtry Fall 2013 Lctur #20 11/14/2013 20.1 Dgr thorm for morphisms of curvs Lt us rstat th thorm givn at th nd of th last lctur, which w will now prov. Thorm 20.1. Lt φ:

More information

Construction of asymmetric orthogonal arrays of strength three via a replacement method

Construction of asymmetric orthogonal arrays of strength three via a replacement method isid/ms/26/2 Fbruary, 26 http://www.isid.ac.in/ statmath/indx.php?modul=prprint Construction of asymmtric orthogonal arrays of strngth thr via a rplacmnt mthod Tian-fang Zhang, Qiaoling Dng and Alok Dy

More information

A Propagating Wave Packet Group Velocity Dispersion

A Propagating Wave Packet Group Velocity Dispersion Lctur 8 Phys 375 A Propagating Wav Packt Group Vlocity Disprsion Ovrviw and Motivation: In th last lctur w lookd at a localizd solution t) to th 1D fr-particl Schrödingr quation (SE) that corrsponds to

More information

Math 102. Rumbos Spring Solutions to Assignment #8. Solution: The matrix, A, corresponding to the system in (1) is

Math 102. Rumbos Spring Solutions to Assignment #8. Solution: The matrix, A, corresponding to the system in (1) is Math 12. Rumbos Spring 218 1 Solutions to Assignmnt #8 1. Construct a fundamntal matrix for th systm { ẋ 2y ẏ x + y. (1 Solution: Th matrix, A, corrsponding to th systm in (1 is 2 A. (2 1 1 Th charactristic

More information

Exponential inequalities and the law of the iterated logarithm in the unbounded forecasting game

Exponential inequalities and the law of the iterated logarithm in the unbounded forecasting game Ann Inst Stat Math (01 64:615 63 DOI 101007/s10463-010-03-5 Exponntial inqualitis and th law of th itratd logarithm in th unboundd forcasting gam Shin-ichiro Takazawa Rcivd: 14 Dcmbr 009 / Rvisd: 5 Octobr

More information

Ewald s Method Revisited: Rapidly Convergent Series Representations of Certain Green s Functions. Vassilis G. Papanicolaou 1

Ewald s Method Revisited: Rapidly Convergent Series Representations of Certain Green s Functions. Vassilis G. Papanicolaou 1 wald s Mthod Rvisitd: Rapidly Convrgnt Sris Rprsntations of Crtain Grn s Functions Vassilis G. Papanicolaou 1 Suggstd Running Had: wald s Mthod Rvisitd Complt Mailing Addrss of Contact Author for offic

More information

Addition of angular momentum

Addition of angular momentum Addition of angular momntum April, 0 Oftn w nd to combin diffrnt sourcs of angular momntum to charactriz th total angular momntum of a systm, or to divid th total angular momntum into parts to valuat th

More information

BINOMIAL COEFFICIENTS INVOLVING INFINITE POWERS OF PRIMES

BINOMIAL COEFFICIENTS INVOLVING INFINITE POWERS OF PRIMES BINOMIAL COEFFICIENTS INVOLVING INFINITE POWERS OF PRIMES DONALD M. DAVIS Abstract. If p is a prim (implicit in notation and n a positiv intgr, lt ν(n dnot th xponnt of p in n, and U(n n/p ν(n, th unit

More information

1 N N(θ;d 1...d l ;N) 1 q l = o(1)

1 N N(θ;d 1...d l ;N) 1 q l = o(1) NORMALITY OF NUMBERS GENERATED BY THE VALUES OF ENTIRE FUNCTIONS MANFRED G. MADRITSCH, JÖRG M. THUSWALDNER, AND ROBERT F. TICHY Abstract. W show that th numbr gnratd by th q-ary intgr part of an ntir function

More information

On the number of pairs of positive integers x,y H such that x 2 +y 2 +1, x 2 +y 2 +2 are square-free

On the number of pairs of positive integers x,y H such that x 2 +y 2 +1, x 2 +y 2 +2 are square-free arxiv:90.04838v [math.nt] 5 Jan 09 On th numbr of pairs of positiv intgrs x,y H such that x +y +, x +y + ar squar-fr S. I. Dimitrov Abstract In th prsnt papr w show that thr xist infinitly many conscutiv

More information

Hardy-Littlewood Conjecture and Exceptional real Zero. JinHua Fei. ChangLing Company of Electronic Technology Baoji Shannxi P.R.

Hardy-Littlewood Conjecture and Exceptional real Zero. JinHua Fei. ChangLing Company of Electronic Technology Baoji Shannxi P.R. Hardy-Littlwood Conjctur and Excptional ral Zro JinHua Fi ChangLing Company of Elctronic Tchnology Baoji Shannxi P.R.China E-mail: fijinhuayoujian@msn.com Abstract. In this papr, w assum that Hardy-Littlwood

More information

Basic Polyhedral theory

Basic Polyhedral theory Basic Polyhdral thory Th st P = { A b} is calld a polyhdron. Lmma 1. Eithr th systm A = b, b 0, 0 has a solution or thr is a vctorπ such that π A 0, πb < 0 Thr cass, if solution in top row dos not ist

More information

An Extensive Study of Approximating the Periodic. Solutions of the Prey Predator System

An Extensive Study of Approximating the Periodic. Solutions of the Prey Predator System pplid athmatical Scincs Vol. 00 no. 5 5 - n xtnsiv Study of pproximating th Priodic Solutions of th Pry Prdator Systm D. Vnu Gopala Rao * ailing addrss: Plot No.59 Sctor-.V.P.Colony Visahapatnam 50 07

More information

SECTION where P (cos θ, sin θ) and Q(cos θ, sin θ) are polynomials in cos θ and sin θ, provided Q is never equal to zero.

SECTION where P (cos θ, sin θ) and Q(cos θ, sin θ) are polynomials in cos θ and sin θ, provided Q is never equal to zero. SETION 6. 57 6. Evaluation of Dfinit Intgrals Exampl 6.6 W hav usd dfinit intgrals to valuat contour intgrals. It may com as a surpris to larn that contour intgrals and rsidus can b usd to valuat crtain

More information

PROOF OF FIRST STANDARD FORM OF NONELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

PROOF OF FIRST STANDARD FORM OF NONELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS Intrnational Journal Of Advanc Rsarch In Scinc And Enginring http://www.ijars.com IJARSE, Vol. No., Issu No., Fbruary, 013 ISSN-319-8354(E) PROOF OF FIRST STANDARD FORM OF NONELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS 1 Dharmndra

More information

On spanning trees and cycles of multicolored point sets with few intersections

On spanning trees and cycles of multicolored point sets with few intersections On spanning trs and cycls of multicolord point sts with fw intrsctions M. Kano, C. Mrino, and J. Urrutia April, 00 Abstract Lt P 1,..., P k b a collction of disjoint point sts in R in gnral position. W

More information

Bifurcation Theory. , a stationary point, depends on the value of α. At certain values

Bifurcation Theory. , a stationary point, depends on the value of α. At certain values Dnamic Macroconomic Thor Prof. Thomas Lux Bifurcation Thor Bifurcation: qualitativ chang in th natur of th solution occurs if a paramtr passs through a critical point bifurcation or branch valu. Local

More information

Exercise 1. Sketch the graph of the following function. (x 2

Exercise 1. Sketch the graph of the following function. (x 2 Writtn tst: Fbruary 9th, 06 Exrcis. Sktch th graph of th following function fx = x + x, spcifying: domain, possibl asymptots, monotonicity, continuity, local and global maxima or minima, and non-drivability

More information

State-space behaviours 2 using eigenvalues

State-space behaviours 2 using eigenvalues 1 Stat-spac bhaviours 2 using ignvalus J A Rossitr Slids by Anthony Rossitr Introduction Th first vido dmonstratd that on can solv 2 x x( ( x(0) Th stat transition matrix Φ( can b computd using Laplac

More information

Research Article Norm and Essential Norm of an Integral-Type Operator from the Dirichlet Space to the Bloch-Type Space on the Unit Ball

Research Article Norm and Essential Norm of an Integral-Type Operator from the Dirichlet Space to the Bloch-Type Space on the Unit Ball Hindawi Publishing Corporation Abstract and Applid Analysis Volum 2010, Articl ID 134969, 9 pags doi:10.1155/2010/134969 Rsarch Articl Norm and Essntial Norm of an Intgral-Typ Oprator from th Dirichlt

More information

Mapping properties of the elliptic maximal function

Mapping properties of the elliptic maximal function Rv. Mat. Ibroamricana 19 (2003), 221 234 Mapping proprtis of th lliptic maximal function M. Burak Erdoğan Abstract W prov that th lliptic maximal function maps th Sobolv spac W 4,η (R 2 )intol 4 (R 2 )

More information

Homotopy perturbation technique

Homotopy perturbation technique Comput. Mthods Appl. Mch. Engrg. 178 (1999) 257±262 www.lsvir.com/locat/cma Homotopy prturbation tchniqu Ji-Huan H 1 Shanghai Univrsity, Shanghai Institut of Applid Mathmatics and Mchanics, Shanghai 272,

More information

ECE602 Exam 1 April 5, You must show ALL of your work for full credit.

ECE602 Exam 1 April 5, You must show ALL of your work for full credit. ECE62 Exam April 5, 27 Nam: Solution Scor: / This xam is closd-book. You must show ALL of your work for full crdit. Plas rad th qustions carfully. Plas chck your answrs carfully. Calculators may NOT b

More information

Finite element discretization of Laplace and Poisson equations

Finite element discretization of Laplace and Poisson equations Finit lmnt discrtization of Laplac and Poisson quations Yashwanth Tummala Tutor: Prof S.Mittal 1 Outlin Finit Elmnt Mthod for 1D Introduction to Poisson s and Laplac s Equations Finit Elmnt Mthod for 2D-Discrtization

More information

Math-Net.Ru All Russian mathematical portal

Math-Net.Ru All Russian mathematical portal Math-Nt.Ru All Russian mathmatical portal Mihail S. Kildyushov, Valry A. Niishin, Asymptotic bhavior at infinity of th Dirichlt problm solution of th ordr quation in a layr, J. Sib. Fd. Univ. Math. Phys.,

More information

2.3 Matrix Formulation

2.3 Matrix Formulation 23 Matrix Formulation 43 A mor complicatd xampl ariss for a nonlinar systm of diffrntial quations Considr th following xampl Exampl 23 x y + x( x 2 y 2 y x + y( x 2 y 2 (233 Transforming to polar coordinats,

More information

Abstract Interpretation: concrete and abstract semantics

Abstract Interpretation: concrete and abstract semantics Abstract Intrprtation: concrt and abstract smantics Concrt smantics W considr a vry tiny languag that manags arithmtic oprations on intgrs valus. Th (concrt) smantics of th languags cab b dfind by th funzcion

More information

Supplementary Materials

Supplementary Materials 6 Supplmntary Matrials APPENDIX A PHYSICAL INTERPRETATION OF FUEL-RATE-SPEED FUNCTION A truck running on a road with grad/slop θ positiv if moving up and ngativ if moving down facs thr rsistancs: arodynamic

More information

Linear-Phase FIR Transfer Functions. Functions. Functions. Functions. Functions. Functions. Let

Linear-Phase FIR Transfer Functions. Functions. Functions. Functions. Functions. Functions. Let It is impossibl to dsign an IIR transfr function with an xact linar-phas It is always possibl to dsign an FIR transfr function with an xact linar-phas rspons W now dvlop th forms of th linarphas FIR transfr

More information

Hydrogen Atom and One Electron Ions

Hydrogen Atom and One Electron Ions Hydrogn Atom and On Elctron Ions Th Schrödingr quation for this two-body problm starts out th sam as th gnral two-body Schrödingr quation. First w sparat out th motion of th cntr of mass. Th intrnal potntial

More information

1 Minimum Cut Problem

1 Minimum Cut Problem CS 6 Lctur 6 Min Cut and argr s Algorithm Scribs: Png Hui How (05), Virginia Dat: May 4, 06 Minimum Cut Problm Today, w introduc th minimum cut problm. This problm has many motivations, on of which coms

More information

Inference Methods for Stochastic Volatility Models

Inference Methods for Stochastic Volatility Models Intrnational Mathmatical Forum, Vol 8, 03, no 8, 369-375 Infrnc Mthods for Stochastic Volatility Modls Maddalna Cavicchioli Cá Foscari Univrsity of Vnic Advancd School of Economics Cannargio 3, Vnic, Italy

More information

Quasi-Classical States of the Simple Harmonic Oscillator

Quasi-Classical States of the Simple Harmonic Oscillator Quasi-Classical Stats of th Simpl Harmonic Oscillator (Draft Vrsion) Introduction: Why Look for Eignstats of th Annihilation Oprator? Excpt for th ground stat, th corrspondnc btwn th quantum nrgy ignstats

More information

CPSC 665 : An Algorithmist s Toolkit Lecture 4 : 21 Jan Linear Programming

CPSC 665 : An Algorithmist s Toolkit Lecture 4 : 21 Jan Linear Programming CPSC 665 : An Algorithmist s Toolkit Lctur 4 : 21 Jan 2015 Lcturr: Sushant Sachdva Linar Programming Scrib: Rasmus Kyng 1. Introduction An optimization problm rquirs us to find th minimum or maximum) of

More information

Combinatorial Networks Week 1, March 11-12

Combinatorial Networks Week 1, March 11-12 1 Nots on March 11 Combinatorial Ntwors W 1, March 11-1 11 Th Pigonhol Principl Th Pigonhol Principl If n objcts ar placd in hols, whr n >, thr xists a box with mor than on objcts 11 Thorm Givn a simpl

More information

Middle East Technical University Department of Mechanical Engineering ME 413 Introduction to Finite Element Analysis

Middle East Technical University Department of Mechanical Engineering ME 413 Introduction to Finite Element Analysis Middl East Tchnical Univrsity Dpartmnt of Mchanical Enginring ME 43 Introduction to Finit Elmnt Analysis Chaptr 3 Computr Implmntation of D FEM Ths nots ar prpard by Dr. Cünyt Srt http://www.m.mtu.du.tr/popl/cunyt

More information

Week 3: Connected Subgraphs

Week 3: Connected Subgraphs Wk 3: Connctd Subgraphs Sptmbr 19, 2016 1 Connctd Graphs Path, Distanc: A path from a vrtx x to a vrtx y in a graph G is rfrrd to an xy-path. Lt X, Y V (G). An (X, Y )-path is an xy-path with x X and y

More information

ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE ELLIPTIC SUBSET SUM GENERATOR OF PSEUDORANDOM NUMBERS

ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE ELLIPTIC SUBSET SUM GENERATOR OF PSEUDORANDOM NUMBERS INTEGERS: ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL NUMBER THEORY 8 2008, #A3 ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE ELLIPTIC SUBSET SUM GENERATOR OF PSEUDORANDOM NUMBERS Edwin D. El-Mahassni Dpartmnt of Computing, Macquari

More information

COUNTING TAMELY RAMIFIED EXTENSIONS OF LOCAL FIELDS UP TO ISOMORPHISM

COUNTING TAMELY RAMIFIED EXTENSIONS OF LOCAL FIELDS UP TO ISOMORPHISM COUNTING TAMELY RAMIFIED EXTENSIONS OF LOCAL FIELDS UP TO ISOMORPHISM Jim Brown Dpartmnt of Mathmatical Scincs, Clmson Univrsity, Clmson, SC 9634, USA jimlb@g.clmson.du Robrt Cass Dpartmnt of Mathmatics,

More information

MATH 319, WEEK 15: The Fundamental Matrix, Non-Homogeneous Systems of Differential Equations

MATH 319, WEEK 15: The Fundamental Matrix, Non-Homogeneous Systems of Differential Equations MATH 39, WEEK 5: Th Fundamntal Matrix, Non-Homognous Systms of Diffrntial Equations Fundamntal Matrics Considr th problm of dtrmining th particular solution for an nsmbl of initial conditions For instanc,

More information

A Simple Formula for the Hilbert Metric with Respect to a Sub-Gaussian Cone

A Simple Formula for the Hilbert Metric with Respect to a Sub-Gaussian Cone mathmatics Articl A Simpl Formula for th Hilbrt Mtric with Rspct to a Sub-Gaussian Con Stéphan Chrétin 1, * and Juan-Pablo Ortga 2 1 National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Tddinton TW11 0LW, UK 2

More information

Self-Adjointness and Its Relationship to Quantum Mechanics. Ronald I. Frank 2016

Self-Adjointness and Its Relationship to Quantum Mechanics. Ronald I. Frank 2016 Ronald I. Frank 06 Adjoint https://n.wikipdia.org/wiki/adjoint In gnral thr is an oprator and a procss that dfin its adjoint *. It is thn slf-adjoint if *. Innr product spac https://n.wikipdia.org/wiki/innr_product_spac

More information

As the matrix of operator B is Hermitian so its eigenvalues must be real. It only remains to diagonalize the minor M 11 of matrix B.

As the matrix of operator B is Hermitian so its eigenvalues must be real. It only remains to diagonalize the minor M 11 of matrix B. 7636S ADVANCED QUANTUM MECHANICS Solutions Spring. Considr a thr dimnsional kt spac. If a crtain st of orthonormal kts, say, and 3 ar usd as th bas kts, thn th oprators A and B ar rprsntd by a b A a and

More information

Section 6.1. Question: 2. Let H be a subgroup of a group G. Then H operates on G by left multiplication. Describe the orbits for this operation.

Section 6.1. Question: 2. Let H be a subgroup of a group G. Then H operates on G by left multiplication. Describe the orbits for this operation. MAT 444 H Barclo Spring 004 Homwork 6 Solutions Sction 6 Lt H b a subgroup of a group G Thn H oprats on G by lft multiplication Dscrib th orbits for this opration Th orbits of G ar th right costs of H

More information

Thus, because if either [G : H] or [H : K] is infinite, then [G : K] is infinite, then [G : K] = [G : H][H : K] for all infinite cases.

Thus, because if either [G : H] or [H : K] is infinite, then [G : K] is infinite, then [G : K] = [G : H][H : K] for all infinite cases. Homwork 5 M 373K Solutions Mark Lindbrg and Travis Schdlr 1. Prov that th ring Z/mZ (for m 0) is a fild if and only if m is prim. ( ) Proof by Contrapositiv: Hr, thr ar thr cass for m not prim. m 0: Whn

More information

Legendre Wavelets for Systems of Fredholm Integral Equations of the Second Kind

Legendre Wavelets for Systems of Fredholm Integral Equations of the Second Kind World Applid Scincs Journal 9 (9): 8-, ISSN 88-495 IDOSI Publications, Lgndr Wavlts for Systs of Frdhol Intgral Equations of th Scond Kind a,b tb (t)= a, a,b a R, a. J. Biazar and H. Ebrahii Dpartnt of

More information

Sectrix Curves on the Sphere

Sectrix Curves on the Sphere riginal scintific papr Accptd 22. 2. 205. LÁSZLÓ NÉMETH Sctri Curvs on th Sphr Sctri Curvs on th Sphr ABSTRACT In this papr w introduc a class of curvs drivd from a gomtrical construction. Ths planar curvs

More information

INTEGRATION BY PARTS

INTEGRATION BY PARTS Mathmatics Rvision Guids Intgration by Parts Pag of 7 MK HOME TUITION Mathmatics Rvision Guids Lvl: AS / A Lvl AQA : C Edcl: C OCR: C OCR MEI: C INTEGRATION BY PARTS Vrsion : Dat: --5 Eampls - 6 ar copyrightd

More information

u 3 = u 3 (x 1, x 2, x 3 )

u 3 = u 3 (x 1, x 2, x 3 ) Lctur 23: Curvilinar Coordinats (RHB 8.0 It is oftn convnint to work with variabls othr than th Cartsian coordinats x i ( = x, y, z. For xampl in Lctur 5 w mt sphrical polar and cylindrical polar coordinats.

More information

Lie Groups HW7. Wang Shuai. November 2015

Lie Groups HW7. Wang Shuai. November 2015 Li roups HW7 Wang Shuai Novmbr 015 1 Lt (π, V b a complx rprsntation of a compact group, show that V has an invariant non-dgnratd Hrmitian form. For any givn Hrmitian form on V, (for xampl (u, v = i u

More information

MA 262, Spring 2018, Final exam Version 01 (Green)

MA 262, Spring 2018, Final exam Version 01 (Green) MA 262, Spring 218, Final xam Vrsion 1 (Grn) INSTRUCTIONS 1. Switch off your phon upon ntring th xam room. 2. Do not opn th xam booklt until you ar instructd to do so. 3. Bfor you opn th booklt, fill in

More information

Einstein Equations for Tetrad Fields

Einstein Equations for Tetrad Fields Apiron, Vol 13, No, Octobr 006 6 Einstin Equations for Ttrad Filds Ali Rıza ŞAHİN, R T L Istanbul (Turky) Evry mtric tnsor can b xprssd by th innr product of ttrad filds W prov that Einstin quations for

More information

Rational Approximation for the one-dimensional Bratu Equation

Rational Approximation for the one-dimensional Bratu Equation Intrnational Journal of Enginring & Tchnology IJET-IJES Vol:3 o:05 5 Rational Approximation for th on-dimnsional Bratu Equation Moustafa Aly Soliman Chmical Enginring Dpartmnt, Th British Univrsity in

More information

Another view for a posteriori error estimates for variational inequalities of the second kind

Another view for a posteriori error estimates for variational inequalities of the second kind Accptd by Applid Numrical Mathmatics in July 2013 Anothr viw for a postriori rror stimats for variational inqualitis of th scond kind Fi Wang 1 and Wimin Han 2 Abstract. In this papr, w giv anothr viw

More information

2008 AP Calculus BC Multiple Choice Exam

2008 AP Calculus BC Multiple Choice Exam 008 AP Multipl Choic Eam Nam 008 AP Calculus BC Multipl Choic Eam Sction No Calculator Activ AP Calculus 008 BC Multipl Choic. At tim t 0, a particl moving in th -plan is th acclration vctor of th particl

More information

Network Congestion Games

Network Congestion Games Ntwork Congstion Gams Assistant Profssor Tas A&M Univrsity Collg Station, TX TX Dallas Collg Station Austin Houston Bst rout dpnds on othrs Ntwork Congstion Gams Travl tim incrass with congstion Highway

More information

Addition of angular momentum

Addition of angular momentum Addition of angular momntum April, 07 Oftn w nd to combin diffrnt sourcs of angular momntum to charactriz th total angular momntum of a systm, or to divid th total angular momntum into parts to valuat

More information

REPRESENTATIONS OF LIE GROUPS AND LIE ALGEBRAS

REPRESENTATIONS OF LIE GROUPS AND LIE ALGEBRAS REPRESENTATIONS OF LIE GROUPS AND LIE ALGEBRAS JIAQI JIANG Abstract. This papr studis th rlationship btwn rprsntations of a Li group and rprsntations of its Li algbra. W will mak th corrspondnc in two

More information

That is, we start with a general matrix: And end with a simpler matrix:

That is, we start with a general matrix: And end with a simpler matrix: DIAGON ALIZATION OF THE STR ESS TEN SOR INTRO DUCTIO N By th us of Cauchy s thorm w ar abl to rduc th numbr of strss componnts in th strss tnsor to only nin valus. An additional simplification of th strss

More information

DISTRIBUTION OF DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INVERSES OF CONSECUTIVE INTEGERS MODULO P

DISTRIBUTION OF DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INVERSES OF CONSECUTIVE INTEGERS MODULO P DISTRIBUTION OF DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INVERSES OF CONSECUTIVE INTEGERS MODULO P Tsz Ho Chan Dartmnt of Mathmatics, Cas Wstrn Rsrv Univrsity, Clvland, OH 4406, USA txc50@cwru.du Rcivd: /9/03, Rvisd: /9/04,

More information

Propositional Logic. Combinatorial Problem Solving (CPS) Albert Oliveras Enric Rodríguez-Carbonell. May 17, 2018

Propositional Logic. Combinatorial Problem Solving (CPS) Albert Oliveras Enric Rodríguez-Carbonell. May 17, 2018 Propositional Logic Combinatorial Problm Solving (CPS) Albrt Olivras Enric Rodríguz-Carbonll May 17, 2018 Ovrviw of th sssion Dfinition of Propositional Logic Gnral Concpts in Logic Rduction to SAT CNFs

More information

Higher order derivatives

Higher order derivatives Robrto s Nots on Diffrntial Calculus Chaptr 4: Basic diffrntiation ruls Sction 7 Highr ordr drivativs What you nd to know alrady: Basic diffrntiation ruls. What you can larn hr: How to rpat th procss of

More information

Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications

Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications J. Math. Anal. Appl. 351 2009) 84 96 Contnts lists availabl at ScincDirct Journal of Mathmatical Analysis and Applications www.lsvir.com/locat/jmaa Unitary quasi-affin transforms of contractions Frnando

More information

Fourier Transforms and the Wave Equation. Key Mathematics: More Fourier transform theory, especially as applied to solving the wave equation.

Fourier Transforms and the Wave Equation. Key Mathematics: More Fourier transform theory, especially as applied to solving the wave equation. Lur 7 Fourir Transforms and th Wav Euation Ovrviw and Motivation: W first discuss a fw faturs of th Fourir transform (FT), and thn w solv th initial-valu problm for th wav uation using th Fourir transform

More information

1 Isoparametric Concept

1 Isoparametric Concept UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY Dpartmnt of Civil Enginring Spring 06 Structural Enginring, Mchanics and Matrials Profssor: S. Govindj Nots on D isoparamtric lmnts Isoparamtric Concpt Th isoparamtric

More information

EEO 401 Digital Signal Processing Prof. Mark Fowler

EEO 401 Digital Signal Processing Prof. Mark Fowler EEO 401 Digital Signal Procssing Prof. Mark Fowlr Dtails of th ot St #19 Rading Assignmnt: Sct. 7.1.2, 7.1.3, & 7.2 of Proakis & Manolakis Dfinition of th So Givn signal data points x[n] for n = 0,, -1

More information

sets and continuity in fuzzy topological spaces

sets and continuity in fuzzy topological spaces Journal of Linar and Topological Algbra Vol. 06, No. 02, 2017, 125-134 Fuzzy sts and continuity in fuzzy topological spacs A. Vadivl a, B. Vijayalakshmi b a Dpartmnt of Mathmatics, Annamalai Univrsity,

More information

Random Process Part 1

Random Process Part 1 Random Procss Part A random procss t (, ζ is a signal or wavform in tim. t : tim ζ : outcom in th sampl spac Each tim w rapat th xprimnt, a nw wavform is gnratd. ( W will adopt t for short. Tim sampls

More information

1 General boundary conditions in diffusion

1 General boundary conditions in diffusion Gnral boundary conditions in diffusion Πρόβλημα 4.8 : Δίνεται μονοδιάτατη πλάκα πάχους, που το ένα άκρο της κρατιέται ε θερμοκραία T t και το άλλο ε θερμοκραία T 2 t. Αν η αρχική θερμοκραία της πλάκας

More information

(Upside-Down o Direct Rotation) β - Numbers

(Upside-Down o Direct Rotation) β - Numbers Amrican Journal of Mathmatics and Statistics 014, 4(): 58-64 DOI: 10593/jajms0140400 (Upsid-Down o Dirct Rotation) β - Numbrs Ammar Sddiq Mahmood 1, Shukriyah Sabir Ali,* 1 Dpartmnt of Mathmatics, Collg

More information

APPROXIMATION THEORY, II ACADEMIC PRfSS. INC. New York San Francioco London. J. T. aden

APPROXIMATION THEORY, II ACADEMIC PRfSS. INC. New York San Francioco London. J. T. aden Rprintd trom; APPROXIMATION THORY, II 1976 ACADMIC PRfSS. INC. Nw York San Francioco London \st. I IITBRID FINIT L}ffiNT }ffithods J. T. adn Som nw tchniqus for dtrmining rror stimats for so-calld hybrid

More information

INCOMPLETE KLOOSTERMAN SUMS AND MULTIPLICATIVE INVERSES IN SHORT INTERVALS. xy 1 (mod p), (x, y) I (j)

INCOMPLETE KLOOSTERMAN SUMS AND MULTIPLICATIVE INVERSES IN SHORT INTERVALS. xy 1 (mod p), (x, y) I (j) INCOMPLETE KLOOSTERMAN SUMS AND MULTIPLICATIVE INVERSES IN SHORT INTERVALS T D BROWNING AND A HAYNES Abstract W invstigat th solubility of th congrunc xy (mod ), whr is a rim and x, y ar rstrictd to li

More information

u r du = ur+1 r + 1 du = ln u + C u sin u du = cos u + C cos u du = sin u + C sec u tan u du = sec u + C e u du = e u + C

u r du = ur+1 r + 1 du = ln u + C u sin u du = cos u + C cos u du = sin u + C sec u tan u du = sec u + C e u du = e u + C Tchniqus of Intgration c Donald Kridr and Dwight Lahr In this sction w ar going to introduc th first approachs to valuating an indfinit intgral whos intgrand dos not hav an immdiat antidrivativ. W bgin

More information

Probability and Stochastic Processes: A Friendly Introduction for Electrical and Computer Engineers Roy D. Yates and David J.

Probability and Stochastic Processes: A Friendly Introduction for Electrical and Computer Engineers Roy D. Yates and David J. Probability and Stochastic Procsss: A Frindly Introduction for Elctrical and Computr Enginrs Roy D. Yats and David J. Goodman Problm Solutions : Yats and Goodman,4.3. 4.3.4 4.3. 4.4. 4.4.4 4.4.6 4.. 4..7

More information

Some remarks on Kurepa s left factorial

Some remarks on Kurepa s left factorial Som rmarks on Kurpa s lft factorial arxiv:math/0410477v1 [math.nt] 21 Oct 2004 Brnd C. Kllnr Abstract W stablish a connction btwn th subfactorial function S(n) and th lft factorial function of Kurpa K(n).

More information

An Application of Hardy-Littlewood Conjecture. JinHua Fei. ChangLing Company of Electronic Technology Baoji Shannxi P.R.China

An Application of Hardy-Littlewood Conjecture. JinHua Fei. ChangLing Company of Electronic Technology Baoji Shannxi P.R.China An Application of Hardy-Littlwood Conjctur JinHua Fi ChangLing Company of Elctronic Tchnology Baoji Shannxi P.R.China E-mail: fijinhuayoujian@msn.com Abstract. In this papr, w assum that wakr Hardy-Littlwood

More information