H-boson connections: from Bell Labs to Geneva
|
|
- Rebecca Burke
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 PH YSI CAL REVIEW 130, NUMBER VOLUME 1 Plasmons, Gauge Invariance, and Mass p. W. ANDERsoN BdI TelePhoee Laboratories, MNrray IIN, (Received 8 November Department of Physics Mathematics and Astronomy ¹mJersey 1962) Schwinger has pointed out that the Yang-Mills vector boson implied by associating a g transformation with a conservation law (of baryonic charge, for instance) does not neces mass, if a certain criterion on the vacuum fluctuations of the generalized current is satisfied the theory of plasma oscillations is a simple nonrelativistic example exhibiting all of the fea ger's idea. It is also shown that Schwinger's criterion that the vector field m&0 implies spectrum before including the Yang-Mills interaction contains m=0, but that the examp ductivity illustrates that the physical spectrum need not. Some comments on the relationship ideas and the zero-mass difhculty in theories with broken symmetries are given. ECKXTLY, H-boson connections: from Bell Labs to Geneva Schwinger' has given an argument that associating a gauge strongly suggesting transformation with a local conservation law does not necessarily require the existence of a zero-mass vector boson. For instance, it had previously seemed impossible to describe the conservation of baryons in such a manner because of the absence of a zero-mass boson and of the accompanying forces. ' The long-range problem of the mass of the bosons represents the major stumbling block in Sakurai's attempt to treat the dynamics of strongly interacting particles in terms of the Yang-Mills gauge fields which seem to be required to accompany the known conserved currents of baryon number and hypercharge. ' (We use the term "YangMills" in Sakurai's sense, to denote any generalized gauge field accompanying a local conservation law. ) The purpose of this article is to point out that the familiar plasmon theory of the free-electron gas excalifornia theory Institute Technology emplifies Schwinger's in aof straightforward very PMA Salon, June 2013 manner. In the plasma, transverse electromagnetic waves do not propagate below the "plasma frequency, which is usually thought of as the frequency of longwavelength longitudinal oscillation of the electron gas. April , maria spiropulu " is equivalent to the mass, w electrons leading to diverg fluctuations resembles the stro of Schwinger's theory. In s low-frequency photons, gauge conservation are clearly satisfi In fact, one can draw a di dielectric constant treatment Schwinger's argument. Schwin commutation relations for th one sum rule for the vacuum those for the matter field give value for the Auctuations of m is the source for A and the tw equations, the two sum rules a unless there is a contribution homogeneous, weakly interacti the 6eld equations. If, howe large enough, there can be n the massless solutions cannot The usual theory of the pla electromagnetic field quantumvacuum Quctuations; yet the
2 H-boson history march ,BU Physics Colloquium, maria spiropulu
3 Baird Physics Research Conference Philip Anderson Princeton University Thursday, February 27, :00 PM Caltech Feynman Lecture Hall 201 East Bridge Refreshments served in 114 E. Bridge at 3:45 p.m. The Discovery of the Anderson-Higgs Mechanism Landau introduced the idea of the ground state of a condensed matter system as a vacuum and of the elementary excitations as quasiparticles moving in this vacuum. He and Tisza noted that spontaneous orderings such as magnetism could be thought of as spontaneous symmetry-breaking of this vacuum, and based theories of phase transitions on this idea. In studying antiferromagnetism, I realized that symmetrybreaking could also have dynamical consequences, and suggested for condensed matter what later came to be known as Goldstone s theorem. With the appearance of the BCS theory of superconductivity and Nambu s transcription of it into a theory of the interaction mass of hadrons, interest grew in broken symmetry in the real vacuum. At the same time, there was concern about gauge invariance of BCS; and papers by Nambu, Bogoliubov and Shirkov, and PWA in 1958 addressed that issue by studying the collective excitation spectrum; but only PWA correctly included the electromagnetic interaction and found an empty energy gap: Goldstone s theorem fails! When I learned in 1962 that Goldstone s theorem was an obstacle to serious theories, I tried as best I could to explain the physics in quasirelativistic terms, hence my 1963 paper. It can be seen as successfully predicting heavy gauge bosons, and PWA 1958 even contains a brief remark on a Higgs; Littlewood and Varma claim to have found such an object in the 90 s. At least two of the three Higgs groups were quite familiar with either the 63 or 58 paper. As for me, I was too aware of the zero-point energy problem and busy doing other things.
4 Examples of the zeroth theorem of the history of science J. D. Jackson a Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California Received 11 October 2007; accepted 10 March 2008 Discoveries, rules, or insights that are named after someone (often) did not originate with that person Avogadro s number was first determined by Loschmidt Olber s paradox was first mentioned by Kepler The Dirac delta function was invented by Heaviside Lorentz gauge was invented by Lorenz etc.
5 Nambu (1960) The importance of Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking Physical system Ferromagnets Crystals Superconductors Broken symmetry Rotational invariance with respect to spin Translational and rotational invariance modulo discrete values Local gauge invariance particle number Apply condensed matter ideas to particle physics Now the quantum vacuum is the medium
6 Goldstone s Sombrero The Higgs field effective potential describes the energetics of turning on the field to a certain (complex) value Even before including quantum corrections, the scalar field selfinteractions may energetically favor a nonzero vev Because of the symmetry there are degenerate vacua And it is usually claimed that spontaneous symmetry breaking is obvious V( ϕ) NOT SO Re ϕ Im ϕ Figure 2. The Mexican-hat potential energy density considered by
7 Goldstone s Sombrero V( ϕ) Re ϕ Im ϕ Figure 2. The Mexican-hat potential energy density considered by e.g in the double well quantum mechanics problem, there is a degeneracy associated with a Z 2 symmetry but the ground state is a superposition that preserves the symmetry!
8 V( ϕ) Re ϕ Figure 2. The Mexican-hat potential energy density considered by The key difference is that in quantum field theory it is much more difficult to transition from one one degenerate ground state to another The quantum vacuum is like a many-body system in this sense (complexity) Phillip Anderson emphasized in his 1972 article More is Different that spontaneous symmetry breaking is a property of large/complex systems. Im ϕ
9 Im ϕ V( ϕ) Goldstone s Sombrero Re ϕ Figure 2. The Mexican-hat potential energy density considered by Even though it is difficult to transition from one degenerate vacuum to another, there are single particle excitations corresponding to locally deforming along the trough These are the massless Goldstone bosons that Higgs and co. were so worried about Physical system Broken symmetry Goldstone modes Antiferromagnets Rotational invariance spin waves Crystals Translational and rotational acoustic phonons BCS Superconductors U(1) phase symmetry???
The Standard Model of Electroweak Physics. Christopher T. Hill Head of Theoretical Physics Fermilab
The Standard Model of Electroweak Physics Christopher T. Hill Head of Theoretical Physics Fermilab Lecture I: Incarnations of Symmetry Noether s Theorem is as important to us now as the Pythagorean Theorem
More informationOn the Higgs mechanism in the theory of
On the Higgs mechanism in the theory of superconductivity* ty Dietrich Einzel Walther-Meißner-Institut für Tieftemperaturforschung Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften D-85748 Garching Outline Phenomenological
More informationchapter 3 Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking and
chapter 3 Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking and Nambu-Goldstone boson History 1961 Nambu: SSB of chiral symmetry and appearance of zero mass boson Goldstone s s theorem in general 1964 Higgs (+others): consider
More informationMany-Body Problems and Quantum Field Theory
Philippe A. Martin Francois Rothen Many-Body Problems and Quantum Field Theory An Introduction Translated by Steven Goldfarb, Andrew Jordan and Samuel Leach Second Edition With 102 Figures, 7 Tables and
More informationGenesis of Electroweak. Unification
Unification Tom Kibble Imperial College London ICTP October 2014 1 Outline Development of the electroweak theory, which incorporates the idea of the Higgs boson as I saw it from my standpoint in Imperial
More informationThe Higgs particle in condensed matter
The Higgs particle in condensed matter Assa Auerbach, Technion N. H. Lindner and A. A, Phys. Rev. B 81, 054512 (2010) D. Podolsky, A. A, and D. P. Arovas, Phys. Rev. B 84, 174522 (2011)S. Gazit, D. Podolsky,
More informationEmergent Frontiers in Quantum Materials:
Emergent Frontiers in Quantum Materials: High Temperature superconductivity and Topological Phases Jiun-Haw Chu University of Washington The nature of the problem in Condensed Matter Physics Consider a
More informationLecture 03. The Standard Model of Particle Physics. Part II The Higgs Boson Properties of the SM
Lecture 03 The Standard Model of Particle Physics Part II The Higgs Boson Properties of the SM The Standard Model So far we talked about all the particles except the Higgs If we know what the particles
More informationBirth of electroweak theory from an Imperial perspective
Birth of electroweak theory from an Imperial perspective Tom Kibble King s College London 2 Oct 2012 Electroweak theory Oct 2012 1 Outline Story of spontaneous symmetry breaking in gauge theories and electro-weak
More informationLecture III: Higgs Mechanism
ecture III: Higgs Mechanism Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking The Higgs Mechanism Mass Generation for eptons Quark Masses & Mixing III.1 Symmetry Breaking One example is the infinite ferromagnet the nearest
More informationPions are Special Contents Chiral Symmetry and Its Breaking Symmetries and Conservation Laws Goldstone Theorem The Potential Linear Sigma Model Wigner
Lecture 3 Pions as Goldstone Bosons of Chiral Symmetry Breaking Adnan Bashir, IFM, UMSNH, Mexico August 2013 Hermosillo Sonora Pions are Special Contents Chiral Symmetry and Its Breaking Symmetries and
More informationThe Phases of QCD. Thomas Schaefer. North Carolina State University
The Phases of QCD Thomas Schaefer North Carolina State University 1 Plan of the lectures 1. QCD and States of Matter 2. The High Temperature Phase: Theory 3. Exploring QCD at High Temperature: Experiment
More informationSymmetries and other regularities of the
The future of the Joseph Lykken and Maria Spiropulu Higgs boson Experimentalists and theorists are still celebrating the Nobel-worthy discovery of the Higgs boson that was announced in July 2012 at CERN
More informationCollective Effects. Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium Physics
Collective Effects in Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium Physics: Lecture 3, 3 March 2006 Collective Effects in Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium Physics Website: http://cncs.bnu.edu.cn/mccross/course/ Caltech
More informationHiggs mechanism and Goldstone s bosons
Remigiusz Durka Instytut Fizyki Teoretycznej Wroclaw March 15, 2008 1 / 28 Spontaneous symmetry breaking In physics spontaneous symmetry breaking takes place when a system, that is symmetric with respect
More informationWhere are we heading? Nathan Seiberg IAS 2016
Where are we heading? Nathan Seiberg IAS 2016 Two half-talks A brief, broad brush status report of particle physics and what the future could be like The role of symmetries in physics and how it is changing
More informationBroken Symmetry and Order Parameters
BYU PHYS 731 Statistical Mechanics Chapters 8 and 9: Sethna Professor Manuel Berrondo Broken Symmetry and Order Parameters Dierent phases: gases, liquids, solids superconductors superuids crystals w/dierent
More informationThe Phases of QCD. Thomas Schaefer. North Carolina State University
The Phases of QCD Thomas Schaefer North Carolina State University 1 Motivation Different phases of QCD occur in the universe Neutron Stars, Big Bang Exploring the phase diagram is important to understanding
More informationVersatility of the Abelian Higgs Model
Versatility of the Abelian Higgs Model Ernest Ma Physics and Astronomy Department University of California Riverside, CA 92521, USA Versatility of the Abelian Higgs Model (2013) back to start 1 Contents
More informationPHASE TRANSITIONS AND SPONTANEOUSLY BROKEN SYMMETRIES 1
PHASE TRANSITIONS AND SPONTANEOUSLY BROKEN SYMMETRIES 1 Roelof Bijker Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico Keywords: Spontaneously broken symmetries, global
More informationThe Why, What, and How? of the Higgs Boson
Modern Physics The Why, What, and How? of the Higgs Boson Sean Yeager University of Portland 10 April 2015 Outline Review of the Standard Model Review of Symmetries Symmetries in the Standard Model The
More informationThe Role Of Magnetic Monopoles In Quark Confinement (Field Decomposition Approach)
The Role Of Magnetic Monopoles In Quark Confinement (Field Decomposition Approach) IPM school and workshop on recent developments in Particle Physics (IPP11) 2011, Tehran, Iran Sedigheh Deldar, University
More informationSpontaneous symmetry breaking in particle physics: a case of cross fertilization. Giovanni Jona-Lasinio
Spontaneous symmetry breaking in particle physics: a case of cross fertilization Giovanni Jona-Lasinio QUARK MATTER ITALIA, 22-24 aprile 2009 1 / 38 Spontaneous (dynamical) symmetry breaking Figure: Elastic
More informationPRINCIPLES OF PHYSICS. \Hp. Ni Jun TSINGHUA. Physics. From Quantum Field Theory. to Classical Mechanics. World Scientific. Vol.2. Report and Review in
LONDON BEIJING HONG TSINGHUA Report and Review in Physics Vol2 PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICS From Quantum Field Theory to Classical Mechanics Ni Jun Tsinghua University, China NEW JERSEY \Hp SINGAPORE World Scientific
More informationCold and dense QCD matter
Cold and dense QCD matter GCOE sympodium Feb. 15, 2010 Yoshimasa Hidaka Quantum ChromoDynamics Atom Electron 10-10 m Quantum ChromoDynamics Atom Nucleon Electron 10-10 m 10-15 m Quantum ElectroDynamics
More informationQCD in the light quark (up & down) sector (QCD-light) has two mass scales M(GeV)
QCD in the light quark (up & down) sector (QCD-light) has two mass scales M(GeV) 1 m N m ρ Λ QCD 0 m π m u,d In a generic physical system, there are often many scales involved. However, for a specific
More informationTransport theory and low energy properties of colour superconductors
1 Transport theory and low energy properties of colour superconductors Daniel F. Litim Theory Group, CERN, CH 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. CERN-TH-2001-315 The one-loop polarisation tensor and the propagation
More informationPreface Introduction to the electron liquid
Table of Preface page xvii 1 Introduction to the electron liquid 1 1.1 A tale of many electrons 1 1.2 Where the electrons roam: physical realizations of the electron liquid 5 1.2.1 Three dimensions 5 1.2.2
More informationThe Gauge Principle Contents Quantum Electrodynamics SU(N) Gauge Theory Global Gauge Transformations Local Gauge Transformations Dynamics of Field Ten
Lecture 4 QCD as a Gauge Theory Adnan Bashir, IFM, UMSNH, Mexico August 2013 Hermosillo Sonora The Gauge Principle Contents Quantum Electrodynamics SU(N) Gauge Theory Global Gauge Transformations Local
More informationHiggs Field and Quantum Gravity
Higgs Field and Quantum Gravity The magnetic induction creates a negative electric field, causing an electromagnetic inertia responsible for the relativistic mass change; it is the mysterious Higgs Field
More informationMagnetic ordering of local moments
Magnetic ordering Types of magnetic structure Ground state of the Heisenberg ferromagnet and antiferromagnet Spin wave High temperature susceptibility Mean field theory Magnetic ordering of local moments
More informationAcknowledgements An introduction to unitary symmetry The search for higher symmetries p. 1 The eight-baryon puzzle p. 1 The elimination of
Preface p. xiii Acknowledgements p. xiv An introduction to unitary symmetry The search for higher symmetries p. 1 The eight-baryon puzzle p. 1 The elimination of G[subscript 0] p. 4 SU(3) and its representations
More informationThe Standard Model Part. II
Our Story Thus Far The Standard Model Part. II!!We started with QED (and!)!!we extended this to the Fermi theory of weak interactions! Adding G F!!Today we will extended this to Glashow-Weinberg-Salam
More informationMagnets, 1D quantum system, and quantum Phase transitions
134 Phys620.nb 10 Magnets, 1D quantum system, and quantum Phase transitions In 1D, fermions can be mapped into bosons, and vice versa. 10.1. magnetization and frustrated magnets (in any dimensions) Consider
More informationThe mass of the Higgs boson
The mass of the Higgs boson LHC : Higgs particle observation CMS 2011/12 ATLAS 2011/12 a prediction Higgs boson found standard model Higgs boson T.Plehn, M.Rauch Spontaneous symmetry breaking confirmed
More informationThe cosmological constant puzzle
The cosmological constant puzzle Steven Bass Cosmological constant puzzle: Accelerating Universe: believed to be driven by energy of nothing (vacuum) Vacuum energy density (cosmological constant or dark
More informationHelium-3, Phase diagram High temperatures the polycritical point. Logarithmic temperature scale
Helium-3, Phase diagram High temperatures the polycritical point Logarithmic temperature scale Fermi liquid theory Start with a noninteracting Fermi gas and turn on interactions slowly, then you get a
More informationThe Advent of Quantum Field Theoretical Methods in Solid State Physics. Christian Joas MPIWG
The Advent of Quantum Field Theoretical Methods in Solid State Physics Christian Joas MPIWG Overview λ general claims λ case study in postwar theoretical physics: the quantum plasma from early theories
More informationSpontaneous breaking of supersymmetry
Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Hiroshi Suzuki Theoretical Physics Laboratory Nov. 18, 2009 @ Theoretical science colloquium in RIKEN Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov.
More informationQuantum Field Theory. and the Standard Model. !H Cambridge UNIVERSITY PRESS MATTHEW D. SCHWARTZ. Harvard University
Quantum Field Theory and the Standard Model MATTHEW D. Harvard University SCHWARTZ!H Cambridge UNIVERSITY PRESS t Contents v Preface page xv Part I Field theory 1 1 Microscopic theory of radiation 3 1.1
More informationIntroduction to Elementary Particles
David Criffiths Introduction to Elementary Particles Second, Revised Edition WILEY- VCH WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA Preface to the First Edition IX Preface to the Second Edition XI Formulas and Constants
More informationAs usual, these notes are intended for use by class participants only, and are not for circulation. Week 8: Lectures 15, 16
As usual, these notes are intended for use by class participants only, and are not for circulation. Week 8: Lectures 15, 16 Masses for Vectors: the Higgs mechanism April 6, 2012 The momentum-space propagator
More informationFinite Temperature Field Theory. Joe Schindler 2015
Finite Temperature Field Theory Joe Schindler 2015 Part 1: Basic Finite Temp Methods Preview Zero Temp Finite Temp Green Functions (vacuum expectation value) Generating Functional for GFs (real time) Preview
More informationCriticality in topologically ordered systems: a case study
Criticality in topologically ordered systems: a case study Fiona Burnell Schulz & FJB 16 FJB 17? Phases and phase transitions ~ 194 s: Landau theory (Liquids vs crystals; magnets; etc.) Local order parameter
More informationPhysics (PHYS) Courses. Physics (PHYS) 1
Physics (PHYS) 1 Physics (PHYS) Courses PHYS 5001. Introduction to Quantum Computing. 3 Credit Hours. This course will give an elementary introduction to some basics of quantum information and quantum
More informationPart I. Many-Body Systems and Classical Field Theory
Part I. Many-Body Systems and Classical Field Theory 1. Classical and Quantum Mechanics of Particle Systems 3 1.1 Introduction. 3 1.2 Classical Mechanics of Mass Points 4 1.3 Quantum Mechanics: The Harmonic
More informationThe Higgs amplitude mode at the two-dimensional superfluid/mott insulator transition
The Higgs amplitude mode at the two-dimensional superfluid/mott insulator transition M. Endres et al., Nature 487 (7408), p. 454-458 (2012) October 29, 2013 Table of contents 1 2 3 4 5 Table of contents
More informationCritical lines and points. in the. QCD phase diagram
Critical lines and points in the QCD phase diagram Understanding the phase diagram Phase diagram for m s > m u,d quark-gluon plasma deconfinement quark matter : superfluid B spontaneously broken nuclear
More informationSuperinsulator: a new topological state of matter
Superinsulator: a new topological state of matter M. Cristina Diamantini Nips laboratory, INFN and Department of Physics and Geology University of Perugia Coll: Igor Lukyanchuk, University of Picardie
More informationSymmetries, Groups Theory and Lie Algebras in Physics
Symmetries, Groups Theory and Lie Algebras in Physics M.M. Sheikh-Jabbari Symmetries have been the cornerstone of modern physics in the last century. Symmetries are used to classify solutions to physical
More informationSuperfluidity and Symmetry Breaking. An Unfinished Symphony
Superfluidity and Symmetry Breaking An Unfinished Symphony The Classics The simplest model for superfluidity involves a complex scalar field that supports a phase (U(1)) symmetry in its fundamental equations,
More informationHolographic superconductors
Holographic superconductors Sean Hartnoll Harvard University Work in collaboration with Chris Herzog and Gary Horowitz : 0801.1693, 0810.1563. Frederik Denef : 0901.1160. Frederik Denef and Subir Sachdev
More informationSymmetries Then and Now
Symmetries Then and Now Nathan Seiberg, IAS 40 th Anniversary conference Laboratoire de Physique Théorique Global symmetries are useful If unbroken Multiplets Selection rules If broken Goldstone bosons
More informationSpin Superfluidity and Graphene in a Strong Magnetic Field
Spin Superfluidity and Graphene in a Strong Magnetic Field by B. I. Halperin Nano-QT 2016 Kyiv October 11, 2016 Based on work with So Takei (CUNY), Yaroslav Tserkovnyak (UCLA), and Amir Yacoby (Harvard)
More information1 Quantum Theory of Matter
Quantum Theory of Matter: Superfluids & Superconductors Lecturer: Derek Lee Condensed Matter Theory Blackett 809 Tel: 020 7594 7602 dkk.lee@imperial.ac.uk Level 4 course: PT4.5 (Theory Option) http://www.cmth.ph.ic.ac.uk/people/dkk.lee/teach/qtm
More informationMASS GAP IN QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS
arxiv:hep-th/0611220v2 28 Nov 2006 MASS GAP IN QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS R. Acharya Department of Physics & Astronomy Arizona State University Tempe, AZ 85287-1504 November 2006 Abstract We present a heuristic
More informationPhysics 127b: Statistical Mechanics. Landau Theory of Second Order Phase Transitions. Order Parameter
Physics 127b: Statistical Mechanics Landau Theory of Second Order Phase Transitions Order Parameter Second order phase transitions occur when a new state of reduced symmetry develops continuously from
More informationSolutions to gauge hierarchy problem. SS 10, Uli Haisch
Solutions to gauge hierarchy problem SS 10, Uli Haisch 1 Quantum instability of Higgs mass So far we considered only at RGE of Higgs quartic coupling (dimensionless parameter). Higgs mass has a totally
More informationQuantum Field Theory. Kerson Huang. Second, Revised, and Enlarged Edition WILEY- VCH. From Operators to Path Integrals
Kerson Huang Quantum Field Theory From Operators to Path Integrals Second, Revised, and Enlarged Edition WILEY- VCH WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA I vh Contents Preface XIII 1 Introducing Quantum Fields
More informationQuark matter and the high-density frontier. Mark Alford Washington University in St. Louis
Quark matter and the high-density frontier Mark Alford Washington University in St. Louis Outline I Quarks at high density Confined, quark-gluon plasma, color superconducting II Color superconducting phases
More informationMaxwell s equations. electric field charge density. current density
Maxwell s equations based on S-54 Our next task is to find a quantum field theory description of spin-1 particles, e.g. photons. Classical electrodynamics is governed by Maxwell s equations: electric field
More informationLecture 6 The Super-Higgs Mechanism
Lecture 6 The Super-Higgs Mechanism Introduction: moduli space. Outline Explicit computation of moduli space for SUSY QCD with F < N and F N. The Higgs mechanism. The super-higgs mechanism. Reading: Terning
More informationThe BEH Mechanism and its Scalar Boson
Le Boson H, Séminaire Poincaré XIX (2014) 27 45 Séminaire Poincaré The BEH Mechanism and its Scalar Boson François Englert Service de Physique Théorique CP225 Université Libre de Bruxelles Boulevard du
More information(Effective) Field Theory and Emergence in Condensed Matter
(Effective) Field Theory and Emergence in Condensed Matter T. Senthil (MIT) Effective field theory in condensed matter physics Microscopic models (e.g, Hubbard/t-J, lattice spin Hamiltonians, etc) `Low
More informationFundamental Particles and Forces
Fundamental Particles and Forces A Look at the Standard Model and Interesting Theories André Gras PHYS 3305 SMU 1 Overview Introduction to Fundamental Particles and Forces Brief History of Discovery The
More informationHIGH DENSITY NUCLEAR CONDENSATES. Paulo Bedaque, U. of Maryland (Aleksey Cherman & Michael Buchoff, Evan Berkowitz & Srimoyee Sen)
HIGH DENSITY NUCLEAR CONDENSATES Paulo Bedaque, U. of Maryland (Aleksey Cherman & Michael Buchoff, Evan Berkowitz & Srimoyee Sen) What am I talking about? (Gabadadze 10, Ashcroft 89) deuterium/helium at
More informationHunting New Physics in the Higgs Sector
HS Hunting New Physics in the Higgs Sector SM Higgs Sector - Test of the Higgs Mechanism Oleg Kaikov KIT, Seminar WS 2015/16 Prof. Dr. M. Margarete Mühlleitner, Dr. Roger Wolf, Dr. Hendrik Mantler Advisor:
More informationThree Lectures on Soft Modes and Scale Invariance in Metals. Quantum Ferromagnets as an Example of Universal Low-Energy Physics
Three Lectures on Soft Modes and Scale Invariance in Metals Quantum Ferromagnets as an Example of Universal Low-Energy Physics Soft Modes and Scale Invariance in Metals Quantum Ferromagnets as an Example
More informationQuantum Physics and General Relativity
Quantum Physics and General Relativity The self maintained electric potential of the accelerating charges equivalent with the General Relativity space-time curvature, and since it is true on the quantum
More informationarxiv:hep-ph/ v1 1 Feb 2005
Vector Goldstone Boson and Lorentz Invariance arxiv:hep-ph/050011v1 1 Feb 005 Ling-Fong Li Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 1513 January 5, 018 Abstract Spontanous symmetry
More informationPart III The Standard Model
Part III The Standard Model Theorems Based on lectures by C. E. Thomas Notes taken by Dexter Chua Lent 2017 These notes are not endorsed by the lecturers, and I have modified them (often significantly)
More informationParticle Physics 2018 Final Exam (Answers with Words Only)
Particle Physics 2018 Final Exam (Answers with Words Only) This was a hard course that likely covered a lot of new and complex ideas. If you are feeling as if you could not possibly recount all of the
More informationUniversal phase transitions in Topological lattice models
Universal phase transitions in Topological lattice models F. J. Burnell Collaborators: J. Slingerland S. H. Simon September 2, 2010 Overview Matter: classified by orders Symmetry Breaking (Ferromagnet)
More informationThe Strong Interaction and LHC phenomenology
The Strong Interaction and LHC phenomenology Juan Rojo STFC Rutherford Fellow University of Oxford Theoretical Physics Graduate School course Lecture 2: The QCD Lagrangian, Symmetries and Feynman Rules
More informationPhysics 4213/5213 Lecture 1
August 28, 2002 1 INTRODUCTION 1 Introduction Physics 4213/5213 Lecture 1 There are four known forces: gravity, electricity and magnetism (E&M), the weak force, and the strong force. Each is responsible
More informationParticle Physics. Tommy Ohlsson. Theoretical Particle Physics, Department of Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
Particle Physics Tommy Ohlsson Theoretical Particle Physics, Department of Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden International Baccalaureate T. Ohlsson (KTH) Particle Physics 1/
More informationStandard Model & Beyond
XI SERC School on Experimental High-Energy Physics National Institute of Science Education and Research 13 th November 2017 Standard Model & Beyond Lecture III Sreerup Raychaudhuri TIFR, Mumbai 2 Fermions
More informationIntoduction to topological order and topologial quantum computation. Arnau Riera, Grup QIC, Dept. ECM, UB 16 de maig de 2009
Intoduction to topological order and topologial quantum computation Arnau Riera, Grup QIC, Dept. ECM, UB 16 de maig de 2009 Outline 1. Introduction: phase transitions and order. 2. The Landau symmetry
More informationGeneralized Global Symmetries
Generalized Global Symmetries Anton Kapustin Simons Center for Geometry and Physics, Stony Brook April 9, 2015 Anton Kapustin (Simons Center for Geometry and Physics, Generalized StonyGlobal Brook) Symmetries
More informationIn-class exercises. Day 1
Physics 4488/6562: Statistical Mechanics http://www.physics.cornell.edu/sethna/teaching/562/ Material for Week 8 Exercises due Mon March 19 Last correction at March 5, 2018, 8:48 am c 2017, James Sethna,
More informationEDMs from the QCD θ term
ACFI EDM School November 2016 EDMs from the QCD θ term Vincenzo Cirigliano Los Alamos National Laboratory 1 Lecture II outline The QCD θ term Toolbox: chiral symmetries and their breaking Estimate of the
More informationContents. 1.1 Prerequisites and textbooks Physical phenomena and theoretical tools The path integrals... 9
Preface v Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Prerequisites and textbooks......................... 1 1.2 Physical phenomena and theoretical tools................. 5 1.3 The path integrals..............................
More informationin-medium pair wave functions the Cooper pair wave function the superconducting order parameter anomalous averages of the field operators
(by A. A. Shanenko) in-medium wave functions in-medium pair-wave functions and spatial pair particle correlations momentum condensation and ODLRO (off-diagonal long range order) U(1) symmetry breaking
More informationAn Introduction to. Michael E. Peskin. Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. Daniel V. Schroeder. Weber State University. Advanced Book Program
An Introduction to Quantum Field Theory Michael E. Peskin Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Daniel V. Schroeder Weber State University 4B Advanced Book Program TT Addison-Wesley Publishing Company Reading,
More informationPhase Transitions in Condensed Matter Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking and Universality. Hans-Henning Klauss. Institut für Festkörperphysik TU Dresden
Phase Transitions in Condensed Matter Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking and Universality Hans-Henning Klauss Institut für Festkörperphysik TU Dresden 1 References [1] Stephen Blundell, Magnetism in Condensed
More information221B Lecture Notes Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking
B Lecture Notes Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking is an ubiquitous concept in modern physics, especially in condensed matter and particle physics.
More informationPart 1. March 5, 2014 Quantum Hadron Physics Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Japan 2
MAR 5, 2014 Part 1 March 5, 2014 Quantum Hadron Physics Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Japan 2 ! Examples of relativistic matter Electrons, protons, quarks inside compact stars (white dwarfs, neutron, hybrid
More informationLecture notes for QFT I (662)
Preprint typeset in JHEP style - PAPER VERSION Lecture notes for QFT I (66) Martin Kruczenski Department of Physics, Purdue University, 55 Northwestern Avenue, W. Lafayette, IN 47907-036. E-mail: markru@purdue.edu
More informationAndreas Kreisel. Institut für Theoretische Physik Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main. July,
BEC of magnons and spin wave interactions in QAF Andreas Kreisel Institut für Theoretische Physik Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main July, 18 2007 collaborators: N. Hasselmann, P. Kopietz
More informationSpeculations on extensions of symmetry and interctions to GUT energies Lecture 16
Speculations on extensions of symmetry and interctions to GUT energies Lecture 16 1 Introduction The use of symmetry, as has previously shown, provides insight to extensions of present physics into physics
More informationContents. Appendix A Strong limit and weak limit 35. Appendix B Glauber coherent states 37. Appendix C Generalized coherent states 41
Contents Preface 1. The structure of the space of the physical states 1 1.1 Introduction......................... 1 1.2 The space of the states of physical particles........ 2 1.3 The Weyl Heisenberg algebra
More informationMAJORANAFERMIONS IN CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS
MAJORANAFERMIONS IN CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS A. J. Leggett University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign based in part on joint work with Yiruo Lin Memorial meeting for Nobel Laureate Professor Abdus Salam
More information( ) 2 = #$ 2 % 2 + #$% 3 + # 4 % 4
PC 477 The Early Universe Lectures 9 & 0 One is forced to make a choice of vacuum, and the resulting phenomena is known as spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB.. Discrete Goldstone Model L =! µ"! µ " # V
More informationMaxwell s equations. based on S-54. electric field charge density. current density
Maxwell s equations based on S-54 Our next task is to find a quantum field theory description of spin-1 particles, e.g. photons. Classical electrodynamics is governed by Maxwell s equations: electric field
More informationComposite Dirac liquids
Composite Dirac liquids Composite Fermi liquid non-interacting 3D TI surface Interactions Composite Dirac liquid ~ Jason Alicea, Caltech David Mross, Andrew Essin, & JA, Physical Review X 5, 011011 (2015)
More informationA first trip to the world of particle physics
A first trip to the world of particle physics Itinerary Massimo Passera Padova - 13/03/2013 1 Massimo Passera Padova - 13/03/2013 2 The 4 fundamental interactions! Electromagnetic! Weak! Strong! Gravitational
More informationAspects of Spontaneous Lorentz Violation
Aspects of Spontaneous Lorentz Violation Robert Bluhm Colby College IUCSS School on CPT & Lorentz Violating SME, Indiana University, June 2012 Outline: I. Review & Motivations II. Spontaneous Lorentz Violation
More informationNambu-Goldstone Bosons in Nonrelativistic Systems
Nov. 17, 2015 Nambu and Science Frontier @Osaka (room H701) 15:20-17:30: Session on topics from Nambu to various scales Nambu-Goldstone Bosons in Nonrelativistic Systems Haruki Watanabe MIT Pappalardo
More informationGravitational Magnetic Force
Gravitational Magnetic Force The curved space-time around current loops and solenoids carrying arbitrarily large steady electric currents is obtained from the numerical resolution of the coupled Einstein-Maxwell
More informationQuarks, Leptons and Gauge Fields Downloaded from by on 03/13/18. For personal use only.
QUARKS, LEPTONS & GAUGE FIELDS 2nd edition Kerson Huang Professor of Physics Mussuchusetts Institute qf Technology Y 8 World Scientific Singapore New Jersey London Hong Kong Publirhed by World Scientific
More information