Optimal Capacitor Placement and Sizing on Radial Distribution System by using Fuzzy Expert System
|
|
- Leo Jenkins
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 274 Optimal Placement and Sizing on Radial Distribution System by using Fuzzy Expert System T. Ananthapadmanabha, K. Parthasarathy, K.Nagaraju, G.V. Venkatachalam Abstract:--This paper presents a mathematical formulation for placement of capacitor in a radial system by approximate reasoning using fuzzy set theory. The objectives are to minimize the real power losses and to improve the voltage profile. Voltage and power loss indices at each node of distribution system are modeled by fuzzy membership functions. Then, suitable candidate node for capacitor placement is determined by using approximate reasoning. Further, the capacitor is sized for its optimum capacity. Simulation results shows the advantages of this system and are encouraging. INTRODUCTION Due to limited generation and Trans mission capacities for accommodating growing loads, reactive power allocation has received an ever-increasing attention from the electric utility industry in recent years. Reactive currents will produce losses and results in increased ratings for distribution system components. Shunt capacitors are largely used in primary feeders to reduce energy losses and peak demand, which releases the KVA capacities of distribution apparatus and also to improve the system voltage profile. Thus the problem of optimal capacitor placement consist of determining the location for placement and sizing of capacitor for its maximum capacity so that by further increasing size additional savings are not achieved, while operating constraints at different loading levels are satisfied. METHODOLOGY The proposed methodology can be divided in to two sections. In the first section, the location for placement of capacitor is determined by approximate reasoning by using fuzzy set theory. For determining the location of capacitor the voltage and power loss at each node will be calculated and are represented in fuzzy membership function. The fuzzy expert system (FES) contains a set of rules which are developed from qualitative descriptions. In a conventional ES system a rule is either fired or not fired, where as in FES rules may be fired with some degree using fuzzy inferencing. For the capacitor placement, rules are fired to determine the suitability of a node. Such rules are expressed in the following form. IF promise, THEN conclusion For determining the suitability of the node a set of fuzzy rules have been established. The inputs to the rules are the voltage drop and power loss indices and the output consequent is the suitability of capacitor placement. The rules are summerised in the fuzzy decision matrix in Table 1. Fuzzy variables power loss, voltage drop and capacitor placement suitability are described by the fuzzy terms high, high medium/normal, medium/normal, low medium/normal and low. The fuzzy variables described by linguistic terms are represented by membership functions. The membership functions are as shown below. Description of Low Low Medium Medium High Medium High Power loss < >0.75 Description of Low Low Normal Normal High Normal High Voltage < > 0.8 Description of placement suitability Low Low Medium Medium High Medium High < > 0.75 Dr. T. Ananthapadmanabha * Dr. K. Parthasarathy** K.Nagaraju*** G.V. Venkatachalam **** * The National Institute of Engineering, Mysore. ** Power Research and Development Consultants Private Limited, Bangalore. ***The Bapuji Institute of Engineering and Technology. Davangere. **** Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited, Davanagere
2 INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, KHARAGPUR , DECEMBER 27-29, TABLE-1 AND Voltage Drop High High Normal Normal Low Normal Low Low Low Med. Low Med. Low Low Low Low Med. Med. Low Med. Low Med. Low Low Power Loss Med. High Med. Med. Low Med. Low Low High Med. High Med. High Med. Med. Low Med. Low High High High Med. Med. Low Med. Low Med. The membership functions for the power and suitability indices are created for ranking. Therefore portions of the membership function for the power and suitability indices are equally spaced. The use of FES determines the nodes by finding a compromise between the possible loss reduction from capacitor installation and voltage levels. The following example will demonstrate the max_prod inferencing membership of FES. Ex: A given node has a power loss index 0.7 and voltage drop of 0.3 from the FES inferencing it can be seen that, this node has a medium and high medium power loss index and low normal voltage. Following rules are fired from the decision matrix. (1) If power loss index is Medium AND voltage is High Normal then suitability is medium. (2) If power loss index is High Medium AND voltage is High Normal then suitability is High Medium. To aggregate the output of the two rules, the Mamadani max_prod inferencing technique is applied so that the resulting membership function is de fuzzyified and suitability value is The above procedure is applied to each node of the distribution system and suitability of each node is calculated. The node with highest suitability value is the best node for capacitor installation. In the Second Part optimum capacitor sizing is carried in the following steps 1. After determining the suitable node for the capacitor installation, a small capacitor unit (Commercially available) is installed at that node. 2. The peak power loss voltage drops at each node are calculated by installing the capacitor. 3. The benefits due to reduction in the power demand (KP), released in feeder capacity (KF), reduced annual energy losses (KE) and cost of installation of capacitor (KC) are calculated. 4. The nets savings due to installation of capacitor is given by NS=KP+KF+KE-KC 5. Another capacitor unit installed at the same location and net savings are calculated as described above. 6. This procedure is repeated for maximum net savings. Also voltage constraint is checked for each iteration (During no load conduction). If the voltage exceeds the prescribed level then the installation of that capacitor unit is rejected The flow chart for maximum savings is as indicated in Fig.1 Solutions Algorithm Mainly consist of two steps Step1 Determine power loss and voltage drop at each node and to Determine the suitable node for capacitor placement using fuzzy expert system Step2 Size the capacitor for achieving maximum financial benefits Step1 Peak power loss at each node is calculated as below PPL = 3 x I 2 x r x l /1000 Kw I= Segment current r= resistance of the line = for rabbit conductor l= Segment length in kms. Segment current can be calculated by adding the nodal current from tail end. The node current = KW 3 x Er x D.F x P.F KW = Node Active power Er = Receiving end voltage of the segment D.F = Diversity Factor. P.F. Power factor of the segment. The receiving end voltage of the each segment can be calculated as below 2 Er= Es + Es - _ (Segment KW x Segment KM )x (r Cos θ + X Sin θ) 2 2 D.F x 1000 x P.F (For lagging P.F ) Es = Supply end voltage of the segment
3 276 X= Inductance of the circuit Cos θ = P.F. of the segment The annual energy losses can be calculated as below Annual energy losses = PPL x LLR x 8760 units P.P.L = Peak Power losses in KW L.L.F = Loss load Factor = 0.2 (LF) x 0.8 (LF) 2 L.F = Load Factor = Average load Peak load or = Annual energy sent out peak load x 8760 Finally the voltage regulation of the feeder is given by % VR = ES Er x Es = Supply end voltage of the segment in KV. Er = Receiving end voltage of the segment in KV. After calculating the above, peak power loss and voltage drop at each node are represented by fuzzy membership function. The node at which max peak power loss occurs will have the value 1 and the max voltage drop node will have the value 1.The peak power losses and voltage drop at each node were calculated and are linearly normalized in to a [0,1] range. It is advisable to install the capacitor at the node with high peak power loss [so as to reduce max power loss] and the high voltage drop [so as to improve the voltage profile to the maximum extent]. The voltage drop and power loss indices are the inputs and the out put consequent is the suitability capacitor placement by applying the rules as indicated in the table 1.The consequent obtained for each node is recorded and nodes are ranked according to the suitability value. The node having the high suitable value will be best location for the capacitor installation. Step 2 The best suitable node was determined in the previous step. The optimal capacitor size to be placed at the chosen node to be determined for most economic savings in this step. In this step a 200KVAR capacitor unit (least rated commercially available unit) is placed at the chosen node and varies parameters are calculated due to addition of the capacitor. The net savings function NS, maximized by this capacitor sizing algorithm is given by NS = KP + KF+ KE KC KP = Benefits due to released demand (KW) KF = Benefits due to released feeder capacity (KVA) KE = Benefits due to saving in energy (KWH) KC = Cost of installation of the capacitor. Commercially available 200KVAR capacitor unit is installed at the chosen node by adding this unit, reactive power of the line will be altered. Let the system reactive power (up to the chosen node from sending end) be Q, and capacitor added be Qc then, new reactive power of the line up to the chosen node is Q2. That is Q2 = Q-QC The new P.F = P P 2 + Q 2 2 Released KVA = KF = S P 2 + Q 2 2 S = apartment power (original) By knowing the releasing feeder capacity the benefits due released feeder capacity can be calculated. Improvement in P.F. results in improvement in voltage profile causing reduction in current, which in turn reduces the peak power loss, and reduction in annual energy losses. The savings of energy (units) due to additions of this capacitor can be calculated by deducing the annual energy losses due to installation of capacitor from the Annual energy losses of the original system. Thus by knowing the savings of energy due to capacitor placement, benefits due to energy savings can be calculated. Benefits due to Reduced demand Benefits due to Reduced demand KP = KP x CKP x ikp KP = Reduced demand (KW) CKP = Cost of generation / KW (Taken as Rs 10,000/KW) IKP = Annual rate for generation cost. (Taken as 0.2) Benefits due to released feeder capacity Benefits due to released feeder capacity KF = KF x CKF x ikf KF = released feeder capacity CKF = Cost of the feeder / KVA (Taken as Rs 1,41,090/KM) IKF = Annual rate of cost of feeder (Taken as 0.2) Benefits due to savings in energy Benefits due to savings in energy KE = KE x r KE = savings in energy KE= (Annual energy losses before installing the capacitor) (Annual energy losses after installing the capacitor.) r = Rate of energy in Rs / Unit. (Taken as Rs 3/unit) Cost of installation of capacitor KC= KC x ICKC x ikc KC = No. of 200 KVAR capacitor units ICKC = Cost of each 200 KVAR capacitor (Taken as Rs 40,000/200kvar) ikc = Annual rate of cost of capacitor (Taken as 0.2)
4 INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, KHARAGPUR , DECEMBER 27-29, Thus the net savings due to the addition of the capacitor is calculated. Further another 200KVAR capacitor is installed at the same node and net savings due to this is calculated. This procedure is repeated up to the size that there is no additional net savings. Checking the constraint for voltage Limit volition The voltage of all sections shall be below the statutory upper limit at light load condition. The voltage at the section of installation of capacitor may go beyond the prescribed limit at light loads. This constraint has to be checked before proceeding to the installation of capacitor unit. The approximate voltage due to installation of the capacitor at no load is given by Er= Es + Es + Qc x L QC= Installed capacitor in KVAR L = Length of the line from sending end Es = Supply end voltage in KV. This constraint is checked before proceeding to the next steps. If the % VR is > 6% then the installation of the capacitor is rejected. System Studied The described method is applied to 11 KV, 21 bus radial distribution system as shown below. MUSS 11KV Gopanahally Feeder The input data of the existing system is as below From node To Node Node KVA Node KW At 0.8 pf Segment Length Conductor Type Resistance In ohms Rabbit Rabbit Rabbit Rabbit Rabbit Rabbit Rabbit Rabbit Rabbit Rabbit Rabbit Rabbit Rabbit Rabbit Rabbit Rabbit Rabbit Rabbit Rabbit Rabbit After calculation of the node voltage and power loss indices, the FES determines that node 11 has a high power loss and normal voltage level. The defuzzifide suitability index indicated at node 11 is the most suitability location for capacitor installation. The optimum size of capacitor is found to be 1200 KVAR. The comparison of savings and voltage due to various size of capacitor are as followings.
5 278 Particulars Abstract of Results by placing different sizes of capacitors at node KVA R Capacito r 400KVAR 600KVAR 800KVAR 1000KVAR 1200 KVAR 1400 KVAR Power Factor (leading) (leading) Released Demand ( KP) in KW KP in Rs. 10,606 19,205 25, ,979 52,855 51,889 Released KVA KF in Rs. 3,876 7,169 9,845 11,766 12,829 13,035 12,349 Energy Saved in units / annum 12,876 23,317 31,362 36,955 40,041 64,173 63,000 KE in Rs. 38,62 69,951 94,086 1,10,865 1,20,123 1,92,519 1,89,000 8 Cost of capacitor 8,000 16,000 24,000 32,000 40,000 48,000 56,000 installation (KC) Net savings 45,110 80,325 1,05,761 1,21,068 1,25,931 2,10,409 1,97,238 (NS) in Rs. V.R. at Tail End No load voltage at capacitor bank CONCLUSIONS The proposed technique presents a mathematical formulation for capacitor placement in a radial system by approximate reasoning using fuzzy expert system it offers following advantages. (1) Simple mathematical formulas are used for the calculation and power loss, voltage at each node instead of load flow. (2) In many analytical approaches, the locations and sizes of capacitors calculated will not match the physical locations of nodes and the discrete sizes of availability capacitors. There solution will need to the rounded up or down to the nearest node position and capacitor size. This method finds most suitable placement for capacitor installations, which are actual physical node locations in the system and desecrate sizes and capacitors are also considered. (3) In this method the loss reductions and the voltage profile are considered simultaneously when deciding the node for capacitor placement. Hence a good compromise of loss reduction and voltage profile improvement is achieved. (4) This method does not require training of data and will never have convergence problems. (5) Most simple and flexible. This can be easily be adapted for expansion and operation plans of distribution system. REFERENCE: (1) MMA Salama, AY Chikhani, R. Hakman Control of reactive power in distribution system with an end load and fixed load condition IEEE Transactions on PAS-104, No. 10, October (2) MMA Salama and AY Chikhani An expert system for reactive power control of distribution system IEEE transactions on power deliver, Vol. 7, No. 2, 1992 (3) MMA Salama and AY Chikhani A simplified network approved to the VAR control problem for radial distribution system Part I & II IEEE Transactions on power delivery vol.8, No. 3, IEEE transaction on power Vol. 10, No. 3, August (4) MMA Salama and AY Chikhani Allocation by approximate reasoning fuzzy capacitor placement. IEEE transactions on power delivery Vol. 115, No.1, January 2000.
Optimal capacitor placement and sizing using combined fuzzy-hpso method
MultiCraft International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology Vol. 2, No. 6, 2010, pp. 75-84 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY www.ijest-ng.com 2010 MultiCraft Limited.
More informationOPTIMAL CAPACITOR PLACEMENT USING FUZZY LOGIC
CHAPTER - 5 OPTIMAL CAPACITOR PLACEMENT USING FUZZY LOGIC 5.1 INTRODUCTION The power supplied from electrical distribution system is composed of both active and reactive components. Overhead lines, transformers
More informationOptimal Capacitor Placement in Radial Distribution System to minimize the loss using Fuzzy Logic Control and Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization
Optimal Capacitor Placement in Radial Distribution System to minimize the loss using Fuzzy Logic Control and Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization 1 S.Joyal Isac, 2 K.Suresh Kumar Department of EEE, Saveetha
More informationA PROPOSED STRATEGY FOR CAPACITOR ALLOCATION IN RADIAL DISTRIBUTION FEEDERS
A PROPOSED STRATEGY FOR CAPACITOR ALLOCATION IN RADIAL DISTRIBUTION FEEDERS 1 P.DIVYA, 2 PROF. G.V.SIVA KRISHNA RAO A.U.College of Engineering, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam Abstract: Capacitors in
More informationJ. Electrical Systems x-x (2010): x-xx. Regular paper
JBV Subrahmanyam Radhakrishna.C J. Electrical Systems x-x (2010): x-xx Regular paper A novel approach for Optimal Capacitor location and sizing in Unbalanced Radial Distribution Network for loss minimization
More informationPROPOSED STRATEGY FOR CAPACITOR ALLOCATION IN RADIAL DISTRIBUTION FEEDERS
IMPACT: International ournal of Research in Engineering & Technology (IMPACT: IRET) ISSN 2321-8843 Vol. 1, Issue 3, Aug 2013, 85-92 Impact ournals PROPOSED STRATEGY FOR CAPACITOR ALLOCATION IN RADIAL DISTRIBUTION
More informationOptimal Performance Enhancement of Capacitor in Radial Distribution System Using Fuzzy and HSA
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE) e-issn: 2278-1676,p-ISSN: 2320-3331, Volume 9, Issue 2 Ver. I (Mar Apr. 2014), PP 26-32 Optimal Performance Enhancement of Capacitor in
More informationCAPACITOR PLACEMENT USING FUZZY AND PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION METHOD FOR MAXIMUM ANNUAL SAVINGS
CAPACITOR PLACEMENT USING FUZZY AND PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION METHOD FOR MAXIMUM ANNUAL SAVINGS M. Damodar Reddy and V. C. Veera Reddy Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, S.V. University,
More informationClassification of Capacitor Allocation Techniques
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY, VOL. 15, NO. 1, JANUARY 2000 387 Classification of Capacitor Allocation Techniques H. N. Ng, Student Member, IEEE, M. M. A. Salama, Member, IEEE, and A. Y. Chikhani,
More informationPerformance Improvement of the Radial Distribution System by using Switched Capacitor Banks
Int. J. on Recent Trends in Engineering and Technology, Vol. 10, No. 2, Jan 2014 Performance Improvement of the Radial Distribution System by using Switched Capacitor Banks M. Arjun Yadav 1, D. Srikanth
More informationOPTIMAL CAPACITORS PLACEMENT IN DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS USING GENETIC ALGORITHM: A DIMENSION REDUCING APPROACH
OPTIMAL CAPACITORS PLACEMENT IN DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS USING GENETIC ALGORITHM: A DIMENSION REDUCING APPROACH S.NEELIMA #1, DR. P.S.SUBRAMANYAM *2 #1 Associate Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics
More informationWeek No. 6 Chapter Six: Power Factor Improvement
Week No. 6 Chapter Six: Power Factor Improvement The electrical energy is almost wholly generated, transmitted and distributed in the form of alternating current. Therefore, the question of power factor
More informationFarzaneh Ostovar, Mahdi Mozaffari Legha
Quantify the Loss Reduction due Optimization of Capacitor Placement Using DPSO Algorithm Case Study on the Electrical Distribution Network of north Kerman Province Farzaneh Ostovar, Mahdi Mozaffari Legha
More informationK. Valipour 1 E. Dehghan 2 M.H. Shariatkhah 3
International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences 2013 Available online at www.irjabs.com ISSN 21-838X / Vol, 4 (7): 1663-1670 Science Explorer Publications Optimal placement of Capacitor Banks
More informationTHE loss minimization in distribution systems has assumed
Optimal Capacitor Allocation for loss reduction in Distribution System Using Fuzzy and Plant Growth Simulation Algorithm R. Srinivasa Rao Abstract This paper presents a new and efficient approach for capacitor
More informationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (IJEET)
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (IJEET) Proceedings of the 2 nd International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Management ICCTEM -2014 ISSN 0976 6545(Print)
More informationNowadays computer technology makes possible the study of. both the actual and proposed electrical systems under any operating
45 CHAPTER - 3 PLANT GROWTH SIMULATION ALGORITHM 3.1 INTRODUCTION Nowadays computer technology makes possible the study of both the actual and proposed electrical systems under any operating condition
More informationBrief Steady of Power Factor Improvement
International Journal of Electrical Engineering. ISSN 0974-2158 Volume 6, Number 5 (2013), pp. 531-539 International Research PublicationHouse http://www.irphouse.com Brief Steady of Power Factor Improvement
More informationA Comparative Study Of Optimization Techniques For Capacitor Location In Electrical Distribution Systems
A Comparative Study Of Optimization Techniques For Capacitor Location In Electrical Distribution Systems Ganiyu A. Ajenikoko 1, Jimoh O. Ogunwuyi 2 1, Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering,
More informationOptimal Capacitor Placement in Distribution System with Random Variations in Load
I J C T A, 10(5) 2017, pp. 651-657 International Science Press Optimal Capacitor Placement in Distribution System with Random Variations in Load Ajay Babu B *, M. Ramalinga Raju ** and K.V.S.R. Murthy
More informationFast Power Loss Computation and Shunt Capacitor Insertion Using Fuzzy Logic Technique
American Journal of Applied Sciences 4 (): 37-4, 27 ISSN 546-9239 27 Science ublications Fast ower Loss Computation and Shunt Capacitor Insertion Using Fuzzy Logic Technique Wagah F. Mohammad, Nabil Tawalbeh
More informationOPTIMAL DG UNIT PLACEMENT FOR LOSS REDUCTION IN RADIAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM-A CASE STUDY
2006-2007 Asian Research Pulishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved. OPTIMAL DG UNIT PLACEMENT FOR LOSS REDUCTION IN RADIAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM-A CASE STUDY A. Lakshmi Devi 1 and B. Suramanyam 2 1 Department
More informationOptimal placement of capacitor in distribution networks according to the proposed method based on gradient search
Applied mathematics in Engineering, Management and Technology 2 (6) 2014:570-581 www.amiemt-journal.com Optimal placement of capacitor in distribution networks according to the proposed method based on
More informationOptimal Conductor Selection in Radial Distribution System using Plant Growth Simulation Algorithm
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering. ISSN 0974-2190 Volume 2, Number 1 (2010), pp. 31--42 International Research Publication House http://www.irphouse.com Optimal Conductor Selection
More informationCongestion Alleviation using Reactive Power Compensation in Radial Distribution Systems
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE) e-issn: 2278-1676,p-ISSN: 2320-3331, Volume 11, Issue 6 Ver. III (Nov. Dec. 2016), PP 39-45 www.iosrjournals.org Congestion Alleviation
More informationFast Energy Loss Computation and Fuzzy-Based Shunt Capacitor Insertion
hiladelphia University, Jordan From the SelectedWorks of hiladelphia University, Jordan Summer May 0, 00 Fast Energy Loss Computation and Fuzzy-Based Shunt Capacitor Insertion hiladelphia University, hiladelphia
More informationEnergy Conversion and Management
Energy Conversion and Management 51 (2010) 518 523 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Energy Conversion and Management journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/enconman Heuristic method for reactive
More informationMultiple Distribution Generation Location in Reconfigured Radial Distribution System Distributed generation in Distribution System
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science PAPER OPEN ACCESS Multiple Distribution Generation Location in Reconfigured Radial Distribution System Distributed generation in Distribution System
More informationWe Make Energy Engaging. Improving Your Power Factor
We Make Energy Engaging Improving Your Power Factor Meet Your Panelist Mike Carter 2 NEEA Northwest Industrial Training Provided by: Northwest Regional Industrial Training Center: (888) 720-6823 industrial-training@industrial.neea.org
More informationComparison of Loss Sensitivity Factor & Index Vector methods in Determining Optimal Capacitor Locations in Agricultural Distribution
6th NATIONAL POWER SYSTEMS CONFERENCE, 5th-7th DECEMBER, 200 26 Comparison of Loss Sensitivity Factor & Index Vector s in Determining Optimal Capacitor Locations in Agricultural Distribution K.V.S. Ramachandra
More informationElevated Neutral to Earth Voltages Due to Harmonics A T&D Update
Elevated Neutral to Earth Voltages Due to Harmonics A T&D Update E. R. (Randy) Collins, PhD, PE Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Clemson University Clemson, South Carolina Stray Voltage Panel
More informationOptimal Placement & sizing of Distributed Generator (DG)
Chapter - 5 Optimal Placement & sizing of Distributed Generator (DG) - A Single Objective Approach CHAPTER - 5 Distributed Generation (DG) for Power Loss Minimization 5. Introduction Distributed generators
More informationECEN 460 Exam 1 Fall 2018
ECEN 460 Exam 1 Fall 2018 Name: KEY UIN: Section: Score: Part 1 / 40 Part 2 / 0 Part / 0 Total / 100 This exam is 75 minutes, closed-book, closed-notes. A standard calculator and one 8.5 x11 note sheet
More informationOptimal Capacitor placement in Distribution Systems with Distributed Generators for Voltage Profile improvement by Particle Swarm Optimization
Optimal Capacitor placement in Distribution Systems with Distributed Generators for Voltage Profile improvement by Particle Swarm Optimization G. Balakrishna 1, Dr. Ch. Sai Babu 2 1 Associate Professor,
More informationPower System Analysis Prof. A. K. Sinha Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur
Power System Analysis Prof. A. K. Sinha Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Lecture - 9 Transmission Line Steady State Operation Welcome to lesson 9, in Power
More informationCAPACITOR PLACEMENT IN UNBALANCED POWER SYSTEMS
CAPACITOR PLACEMET I UBALACED POWER SSTEMS P. Varilone and G. Carpinelli A. Abur Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale Department of Electrical Engineering Universita degli Studi di Cassino Texas A&M
More informationAN IMMUNE BASED MULTI-OBJECTIVE APPROACH TO ENHANCE THE PERFORMANCE OF ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
AN IMMUNE BASED MULTI-OBJECTIVE APPROACH TO ENHANCE THE PERFORMANCE OF ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM P. RAVI BABU Head of the Department of Electrical Engineering Sreenidhi Institute of science and technology
More informationAnalytical approaches for Optimal Placement and sizing of Distributed generation in Power System
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSRJEEE) ISSN : 2278-1676 Volume 1, Issue 1 (May-June 2012), PP 20- Analytical approaches for Optimal Placement and sizing of Distributed generation
More informationECE 476 Power System Analysis Fall 2014 Exam #1, Thursday, October 2, :30AM - 10:50AM
ECE 476 Power System Analysis Fall 4 Exam #, Thursday, October, 4. 9:3AM - :5AM Name: Problem (5 p) Two balanced 3-phase loads are connected in parallel. One is Y-connected and draws 75 kw (3-phase) at.8
More informationBASIC PRINCIPLES. Power In Single-Phase AC Circuit
BASIC PRINCIPLES Power In Single-Phase AC Circuit Let instantaneous voltage be v(t)=v m cos(ωt+θ v ) Let instantaneous current be i(t)=i m cos(ωt+θ i ) The instantaneous p(t) delivered to the load is p(t)=v(t)i(t)=v
More informationGenetic Algorithm for Optimal Capacitor Allocation in Radial Distribution Systems
Genetic Algorithm for Optimal Allocation in Radial Distribution Systems K. S. Swarup Abstract Optimum location and size of capacitors for a radial distribution system is presented. In the present study
More informationOptimal Sizing And Placement Of Capacitor In A Radial Distribution System Using Loss Sensitivity Factor And Firefly Algorithm.
www.ijecs.in International Journal Of Engineering And Computer Science ISSN:2319-7242 Volume 3 Issue 4 April, 2014 Page No. 5346-5352 Optimal Sizing And Placement Of Capacitor In A Radial Distribution
More informationHarmonic Modeling of Networks
Harmonic Modeling of Networks Thomas H. Ortmeyer ECE Dept. Clarkson University Potsdam, NY 13699-5720 M. Fayyaz Akram Dept. of Elec. Eng. Univ. of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Pakistan Takashi Hiyama
More informationA Novel Analytical Technique for Optimal Allocation of Capacitors in Radial Distribution Systems
236 J. Eng. Technol. Sci., Vol. 49, No. 2, 2017, 236-246 A Novel Analytical Technique for Optimal Allocation of Capacitors in Radial Distribution Systems Sarfaraz Nawaz*, Ajay Kumar Bansal & Mahaveer Prasad
More informationPower system conductor volume calculation
Power system conductor volume calculation Dr Audih alfaoury T&D power systems 2017-1018 Electrical Energy Engineering Department Dr Audih alfaoury 1 The transmission of electric power is carried at high
More informationGENERATOR INTERCONNECTION APPLICATION
GENERATOR INTERCONNECTION APPLICATION FOR BUY-ALL/SELL-ALL PROJECTS WITH AGGREGATE GENERATOR OUTPUT OF MORE THAN 20 KW BUT LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 1 MW Electric Utility Contact Information Great Lakes Energy
More informationOPTIMAL DG AND CAPACITOR ALLOCATION IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS USING DICA
Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Vol. 9, No. 5 (2014) 641-656 School of Engineering, Taylor s University OPTIMAL AND CAPACITOR ALLOCATION IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS USING DICA ARASH MAHARI 1,
More informationOptimal Compensation of Reactive Power in Transmission Networks using PSO, Cultural and Firefly Algorithms
Volume 114 No. 9 2017, 367-388 ISSN: 1311-8080 (printed version); ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: http://www.ijpam.eu ijpam.eu Optimal Compensation of Reactive Power in Transmission Networks using
More informationKINGS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Punalkulam
KINGS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Punalkulam 613 303 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS QUESTION BANK UNIT I THE POWER SYSTEM AN OVERVIEW AND MODELLING PART A (TWO MARK
More informationReactive power control strategies for UNIFLEX-PM Converter
Reactive power control strategies for UNIFLEX-PM Converter S. Pipolo, S. Bifaretti, V. Bonaiuto Dept. of Industrial Engineering University of Rome Tor Vergata Rome, Italy Abstract- The paper presents various
More informationPower System Engineering Prof. Debapriya Das Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur
Power System Engineering Prof. Debapriya Das Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Lecture 41 Application of capacitors in distribution system (Contd.) (Refer Slide
More informationEnergy saving in electromechanical equipment with power coefficient correction. Dimitris Al. Katsaprakakis Aeolian Land S.A.
Energy saving in electromechanical equipment with power coefficient correction Dimitris Al. Katsaprakakis Aeolian Land S.A. www.aiolikigi.gr Introduction Electricity production companies (utilities) provide
More informationMaximum Cost Saving Approach for Optimal Capacitor Placement in Radial Distribution Systems using Modified ABC Algorithm
International Journal on Electrical Engineering and Informatics - Volume 7, Number 4, Desember 2015 Maximum Cost Saving Approach for Optimal Capacitor Placement in Radial Distribution Systems using Modified
More informationPower Flow Analysis of Radial Distribution System using Backward/Forward Sweep Method
Power Flow Analysis of Radial Distribution System using Backward/Forward Sweep Method Gurpreet Kaur 1, Asst. Prof. Harmeet Singh Gill 2 1,2 Department of Electrical Engineering, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering
More informationFuzzy Control for Shunt Capacitors Applied in Distribution Feeders
Proceedings of the 7th WSEAS International Conference on Power Systems, Beijing, China, September 5-7, 2007 225 Fuzzy Control for Shunt Capacitors Applied in Distribution Feeders EDUARDO KAZUMI YAMAKAWA
More informationOptimal Placement of Multi DG Unit in Distribution Systems Using Evolutionary Algorithms
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE) e-issn: 2278-1676,p-ISSN: 2320-3331, Volume, Issue 6 Ver. IV (Nov Dec. 2014), PP 47-52 www.iosrjournals.org Optimal Placement of Multi
More informationEE5250 TERM PROJECT. Report by: Akarsh Sheilendranath
EE5250 TERM PROJECT Analytical Approaches for Optimal Placement of Distributed Generation Sources in Power System Caisheng Wang, student member, IEEE, and M. Hashem Nehrir, senior member, IEEE Report by:
More information2008 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes
2008 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or
More informationENERGY LOSS MINIMIZATION AND RELIABILITY ENHANCEMENT IN RADIAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS DURING LINE OUTAGES
ENERGY LOSS MINIMIZATION AND RELIABILITY ENHANCEMENT IN RADIAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS DURING LINE OUTAGES N. Gnanasekaran 1, S. Chandramohan 2, P. Sathish Kumar 3 and T. D. Sudhakar 4 1 Misrimal Navajee
More informationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (IJEET)
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (IJEET) ISSN 0976 6545(Print) ISSN 0976 6553(Online) Volume 5, Issue 8, August (2014), pp. 76-85 IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijeet.asp Journal Impact
More informationImpact Study on Power Factor of Electrical Load in Power Distribution System
Impact Study on Power Factor of Electrical Load in Power Distribution System Syirrazie CS 1, H.Hasim 1 Ahmad Asraf AS 2 1 Bahagian Sokongan Teknikal, Agensi Nuklear Malaysia 2 University of Western Australia
More informationA Study of the Factors Influencing the Optimal Size and Site of Distributed Generations
Journal of Clean Energy Technologies, Vol. 2, No. 1, January 2014 A Study of the Factors Influencing the Optimal Size and Site of Distributed Generations Soma Biswas, S. K. Goswami, and A. Chatterjee system
More informationInternational Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical and Computer Technology
A Hybrid Algorithm for Optimal Location and Sizing of Capacitors in the presence of Different Load Models in Distribution Network Reza Baghipour* and Seyyed Mehdi Hosseini Department of Electrical Engineering,
More informationPower Factor Improvement
Salman bin AbdulazizUniversity College of Engineering Electrical Engineering Department EE 2050Electrical Circuit Laboratory Power Factor Improvement Experiment # 4 Objectives: 1. To introduce the concept
More informationExercise Dr.-Ing. Abdalkarim Awad. Informatik 7 Rechnernetze und Kommunikationssysteme
Exercise1 1.10.015 Informatik 7 Rechnernetze und Kommunikationssysteme Review of Phasors Goal of phasor analysis is to simplify the analysis of constant frequency ac systems v(t) = max cos(wt + q v ) i(t)
More informationEXP. NO. 3 Power on (resistive inductive & capacitive) load Series connection
OBJECT: To examine the power distribution on (R, L, C) series circuit. APPARATUS 1-signal function generator 2- Oscilloscope, A.V.O meter 3- Resisters & inductor &capacitor THEORY the following form for
More informationOptimal DG allocation and sizing in a Radial Distribution System using Analytical Approach
Optimal allocation and sizing in a Radial Distribution System using Analytical Approach N.Ramya PG Student GITAM University, T.Padmavathi, Asst.Prof, GITAM University Abstract This paper proposes a comprehensive
More informationDG-Embedded Radial Distribution System Planning Using Binary-Selective PSO
DG-Embedded Radial Distribution System Planning Using Binary-Selective PSO Ahvand Jalali S K. Mohammadi H. Sangrody A. Rahim-Zadegan University of Melbourne, Islamic Azad University, Binghamton University,
More informationAnalyzing the Effect of Ambient Temperature and Loads Power Factor on Electric Generator Power Rating
Analyzing the Effect of Ambient Temperature and Loads Power Factor on Electric Generator Power Rating Ahmed Elsebaay, Maged A. Abu Adma, Mahmoud Ramadan Abstract This study presents a technique clarifying
More informationAssistant Professor Mohammed Sabri A. Raheem *
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 5, Issue 4, April-2014 1130 Solving the Problem of Mismatched Loads in High Voltage Networks Applying Power Circle Diagram Technique Assistant
More informationMulti-objective Placement of Capacitor Banks in Distribution System using Bee Colony Optimization Algorithm
Journal of Advances in Computer Research Quarterly pissn: 2345-606x eissn: 2345-6078 Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, I.R.Iran (Vol. 6, No. 2, May 2015), Pages: 117-127 www.jacr.iausari.ac.ir
More informationECE 325 Electric Energy System Components 5 Transmission Lines. Instructor: Kai Sun Fall 2015
ECE 325 Electric Energy System Components 5 Transmission Lines Instructor: Kai Sun Fall 2015 1 Content (Materials are from Chapter 25) Overview of power lines Equivalent circuit of a line Voltage regulation
More informationFACULTY OF ENGINEERING B.E. 4/4 (EEE) II - Semester (Old) Examination, May 2014 Subject : Electrical Power Distribution Engineering (Elective- II)
B.E. 4/4 (EEE) II - Semester (Old) Examination, May 014 Subject : Electrical Power Distribution Engineering (Elective- II) Code No. 649 / O 1 Define Coincidence factor and Diversified factor. (3) Mention
More informationLO 1: Three Phase Circuits
Course: EEL 2043 Principles of Electric Machines Class Instructor: Dr. Haris M. Khalid Email: hkhalid@hct.ac.ae Webpage: www.harismkhalid.com LO 1: Three Phase Circuits Three Phase AC System Three phase
More informationAPPLICATIONS OF CONTROLLABLE SERIES CAPACITORS FOR DAMPING OF POWER SWINGS *
APPLICATIONS OF CONTROLLABLE SERIES CAPACITORS FOR DAPING OF POWER SWINGS *. Noroozian P. Halvarsson Reactive Power Compensation Division ABB Power Systems S-7 64 Västerås, Sweden Abstract This paper examines
More informationSimultaneous placement of Distributed Generation and D-Statcom in a radial distribution system using Loss Sensitivity Factor
Simultaneous placement of Distributed Generation and D-Statcom in a radial distribution system using Loss Sensitivity Factor 1 Champa G, 2 Sunita M N University Visvesvaraya college of Engineering Bengaluru,
More informationPower Systems - Basic Concepts and Applications - Part I
PDHonline Course E104A (1 PDH) Power Systems - Basic Concepts and Applications - Part I Instructor: Shih-Min Hsu, Ph.D., P.E. 01 PDH Online PDH Center 57 Meadow Estates Drive Fairfax, VA 030-6658 Phone
More informationChapter 3 AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE CONTROL
Chapter 3 AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE CONTROL . INTRODUCTION TO EXCITATION SYSTEM The basic function of an excitation system is to provide direct current to the field winding of the synchronous generator. The excitation
More informationEE 3120 Electric Energy Systems Study Guide for Prerequisite Test Wednesday, Jan 18, pm, Room TBA
EE 3120 Electric Energy Systems Study Guide for Prerequisite Test Wednesday, Jan 18, 2006 6-7 pm, Room TBA First retrieve your EE2110 final and other course papers and notes! The test will be closed book
More informationAC Power Analysis. Chapter Objectives:
AC Power Analysis Chapter Objectives: Know the difference between instantaneous power and average power Learn the AC version of maximum power transfer theorem Learn about the concepts of effective or value
More informationLecture (5) Power Factor,threephase circuits, and Per Unit Calculations
Lecture (5) Power Factor,threephase circuits, and Per Unit Calculations 5-1 Repeating the Example on Power Factor Correction (Given last Class) P? Q? S? Light Motor From source 1000 volts @ 60 Htz 10kW
More informationConsider a simple RC circuit. We might like to know how much power is being supplied by the source. We probably need to find the current.
AC power Consider a simple RC circuit We might like to know how much power is being supplied by the source We probably need to find the current R 10! R 10! is VS Vmcosωt Vm 10 V f 60 Hz V m 10 V C 150
More informationPower Loss Reduction in Radial Distribution System by Using. Plant Growth Simulation Algorithm
Power Loss Reduction in Radial Distribution System by Using Plant Growth Simulation Algorithm Sambugari Anil Kumar 1*, K.Jitendra Goud 2 1. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, G.Pulla
More informationOptimal conductor selection in radial distribution system using discrete particle swarm optimization
ISSN 1 746-7233, England, UK World Journal of Modelling and Simulation Vol. 5 (2009) No. 2, pp. 96-104 Optimal conductor selection in radial distribution system using discrete particle swarm optimization
More informationEE313 Fall 2013 Exam #1 (100 pts) Thursday, September 26, 2013 Name. 1) [6 pts] Convert the following time-domain circuit to the RMS Phasor Domain.
Name If you have any questions ask them. Remember to include all units on your answers (V, A, etc). Clearly indicate your answers. All angles must be in the range 0 to +180 or 0 to 180 degrees. 1) [6 pts]
More informationThe AR OPF: an Exact Convex Formulation for the Optimal Power Flow in Radial Distribution Networks
Photo credit: Infineon The AR OPF: an Exact Convex Formulation for the Optimal Power Flow in Radial Distribution Networks Jean Yves Le Boudec and Mario Paolone EPFL LCA and DESL (joint work with Dr. Mostafa
More informationApplication of Artificial Neural Networks in Evaluation and Identification of Electrical Loss in Transformers According to the Energy Consumption
Application of Artificial Neural Networks in Evaluation and Identification of Electrical Loss in Transformers According to the Energy Consumption ANDRÉ NUNES DE SOUZA, JOSÉ ALFREDO C. ULSON, IVAN NUNES
More informationTransmission Line Compensation using Neuro-Fuzzy Approach for Reactive Power
Transmission Line Compensation using Neuro-Fuzzy Approach for Reactive Power 1 Gurmeet, 2 Daljeet kaur 1,2 Department of Electrical Engineering 1,2 Giani zail singh college of Engg., Bathinda (Punjab),India.
More informationCapacitor Placement for Economical Electrical Systems using Ant Colony Search Algorithm
Capacitor Placement for Economical Electrical Systems using Ant Colony Search Algorithm Bharat Solanki Abstract The optimal capacitor placement problem involves determination of the location, number, type
More informationEffects of Capacitor Bank Installation in a Medium Voltage (MV) Substation
Effects of Capacitor Bank Installation in a Medium Voltage (MV) Substation Adesina, Lambe Mutalub Department of Engineering & Standardization, Eko Electricity Distribution Plc, 24/25, Marina, Lagos Island,
More informationwww. ElectricalPartManuals. com Westinghouse Shunt Capacitors AD Page 1 Application to Electric Utility Systems General Application
Westinghouse AD 39-593 Page 1 In This Application Data General Application Description Page Information -- ------------------------------------------------ The capacitor, when connected in shunt on General
More informationECE 422/522 Power System Operations & Planning/ Power Systems Analysis II 3 Load Modeling
ECE 422/522 Power System Operations & Planning/ Power Systems Analysis II 3 Load Modeling Spring 2014 Instructor: Kai Sun 1 References 1. Load Performance for Dynamic Performance Analysis, IEEE Committee
More informationB.E. / B.Tech. Degree Examination, April / May 2010 Sixth Semester. Electrical and Electronics Engineering. EE 1352 Power System Analysis
B.E. / B.Tech. Degree Examination, April / May 2010 Sixth Semester Electrical and Electronics Engineering EE 1352 Power System Analysis (Regulation 2008) Time: Three hours Answer all questions Part A (10
More informationPowerApps Optimal Power Flow Formulation
PowerApps Optimal Power Flow Formulation Page1 Table of Contents 1 OPF Problem Statement... 3 1.1 Vector u... 3 1.1.1 Costs Associated with Vector [u] for Economic Dispatch... 4 1.1.2 Costs Associated
More informationIGEE 402 Power System Analysis. FINAL EXAMINATION - SAMPLE Fall 2004
IGEE 402 Power System Analysis FINAL EXAMINATION - SAMPLE Fall 2004 Special instructions: - Duration: 80 minutes. - Material allowed: a crib sheet (double sided 8.5 x ), calculator. - Attempt 5 out of
More informationOptimal conductor selection in radial distribution system using discrete Particle Swarm Optimization
ISSN 1 746-7233, England, UK World Journal of Modelling and Simulation Vol. 5 (2009) No. 3, pp. 183-191 Optimal conductor selection in radial distribution system using discrete Particle Swarm Optimization
More informationElectrical Machines-I Prof. D. Kastha Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur
Electrical Machines-I Prof. D. Kastha Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Lecture - 20 Potential and Current Transformers (Refer Slide Time: 00:37) So far we
More informationPROBLEM SOLUTIONS: Chapter 2
15 PROBLEM SOLUTIONS: Chapter 2 Problem 2.1 At 60 Hz, ω = 120π. primary: (V rms ) max = N 1 ωa c (B rms ) max = 2755 V, rms secondary: (V rms ) max = N 2 ωa c (B rms ) max = 172 V, rms At 50 Hz, ω = 100π.
More informationA PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION TO OPTIMAL SHUNT-CAPACITOR PLACEMENT IN RADIAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
ISSN (Print) : 30 3765 ISSN (Online): 78 8875 (An ISO 397: 007 Certified Organization) ol., Issue 0, October 03 A PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION TO OPTIMAL SHUNT-CAPACITOR PLACEMENT IN RADIAL DISTRIBUTION
More informationVoltage Profile Improvement by Capacitor Placement and Control in Unbalanced Distribution Systems Using Differential Evolution Algorithm
Voltage Profile Improvement by Capacitor Placement and Control in Unbalanced Distribution Systems Using Differential Evolution Algorithm A.Hemasekhar 1, Chevireddy Harika 2 Associate professor, H.O.D,
More information