Cf-252 spontaneous fission prompt neutron and photon correlations
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1 Cf-252 spontaneous fission prompt neutron and photon correlations M. J. Marcath 1,*, P. Schuster 1, P. Talou 2, I. Stetcu 2, T. Kawano 2, M. Devlin 2, R. C. Haight 2, R. Vogt 3,4, J. Randrup 5, S. D. Clarke 1, S. A. Pozzi 1 mmarcath@umich.edu 1 Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 2 Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA 3 Physics Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA 4 Physics Department, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA 5 Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
2 Motivation Improved fission models enables novel system design Key neutron and photon correlations to measure: Multiplicity Energy spectra Relative angle of emission Improved models of nuclear fission would benefit nuclear nonproliferation and safeguards applications. Specifically, the correlated neutron and gamma ray emission data for important isotopes such as U-235 and Pu-239 are not well known. There is a need for experimental data to compare to fission models under development. Experiment to measure Pu-240 SF neutron correlations with an organic scintillator array. Measured Pu-240 SF neutron doubles versus detector angle. 2
3 Nuclear fission Nuclear fission produces correlated neutrons and photons Neutron emission Neutron and photon correlations arise from the transition from neutron to photon emission. Photon emission Fast-neutron multiplicity counter 3
4 Experiment and methods Measure and simulate correlated neutrons and photons from Cf-252 Measure Cf-252 spontaneous fission neutron and photon correlations relevant to nonproliferation and safeguards for the first time. Evaluate new fission models using experimentally measured correlations. MCNPX-PoliMi CGMF (LANL) [1] FREYA (LLNL & LBNL) [2] New, physics based fission models with correlations. 4 Chi-Nu array with liquid organic scintillators and a Cf-252 ionization chamber. [1] P. Talou, et. al, LA-UR , Los Alamos, NM (United States), [2] J. Randrup and R. Vogt, Phys. Rev. C, vol. 80, no. 2, p , 2009.
5 Experiment details LANL Chi-Nu array with Cf Øx5.04 EJ-309 organic liquid scintillators in the array, 45 are used. Cf-252 fission chamber signal split to each digitizer board for coincidence triggering. 1 m flight path. 3- CAEN V1730 s were used for digital waveform acquisition. 33 TB of waveform data acquired. Chi-Nu organic liquid scintillator array of Øx5.04 EJ-309s. Tail-to-total ratio against pulse height where the upper band includes primarily neutron detections and the bottom gammaray detections separated by the discrimination line in red. 5
6 Nuclear fission models Physics-based event-by-event fission model development is ongoing Research is underway to develop models that exhibit fission-particle correlations. CGMF (LANL) and FREYA (LLNL & LBNL) are event-by-event Monte Carlo codes. Model output was integrated with MCNPX-PoliMi to enable comparison with measured data. Cf-252 SF Fission model neutron spectra for Cf-252. Cf-252 SF Fission model neutron multiplicity distributions for Cf
7 Nuclear fission models Physics-based event-by-event fission model development is ongoing PoliMi Research is underway to develop models that exhibit fission-particle correlations. CGMF (LANL) and FREYA (LLNL & LBNL) are event-by-event Monte Carlo codes. Model output was integrated with MCNPX-PoliMi to enable comparison with measured data. CGMF FREYA Emitted Cf-252 SF prompt neutron (y-axis) and photon (x-axis) multiplicity from the fission models with overlaid E[ν γ] (x) and E[γ ν] (o). 7
8 Fission model evaluation Physics-based fission event generators are coupled to MCNPX-PoliMi Lab geometry, physics User inputs Executables Model generated fission events PoliMi CGMF FREYA MCNPX- PoliMi.exe Detector response parameters MPPost. exe List of detected events This approach facilitates direct comparison of simulation and measurement results. 8
9 Modeling and simulation details Laboratory geometry Ionization chamber detail Side Top 9
10 Results Pulse height distributions from experiment and simulations Neutrons Neutron pulse height distributions of simulated and experimental results (left) and simulated over experiment (right). The uncertainties are smaller than the points. Photons Experiment and simulation pulse height distributions show general agreement. MCNPX-PoliMi agrees best for both neutron and photon distributions. Photon pulse height distributions of simulated and experimental results (left) and simulated over experiment (right). The uncertainties are smaller than the points. 10
11 Results High-order coincidence distributions from experiment and simulations Detected number of neutrons, P(ν), for simulation and experiment results (left). The simulated result divided by experiment is also shown (right). Detected number of photons, P(γ), for simulation and experiment results (left). The simulated result divided by experiment is also shown (right). High-order coincidences from experiment show mixed agreement to simulations. FREYA best captures neutron coincidences. PoliMi best captures photon coincidences. 11
12 Results Neutron-photon multiplicity correlations from experiment and simulations Average number of detected neutrons given γ photons detected in coincidence, E[ν γ]. Average number of detected photons given ν neutrons detected in coincidence, E[γ ν]. Experiment E[ν d γ d ] and E[γ d ν d ] indicates negative neutronphoton correlation. No simulation result agrees well with the experiment. 12
13 Conclusions A dedicated experiment to observe neutron-photon multiplicity correlations was performed and results from simulations using correlated emission fission models were also shown. The experiment showed small negative neutron-photon multiplicity correlation on an event-by-event basis, suggesting neutron and photon competition for emission. Chi-Nu array with liquid organic scintillators and a Cf-252 ionization chamber. Future work with Pu-240 and U-235 measurements using organic scintillator arrays could further improve model comparisons, particularly in neutron energy measurements. U-235 parallel plate avalanche chamber. Chi-Nu array with liquid organic scintillators. 13
14 Acknowledgements The authors thank P. Talou (LANL), R. C. Haight (LANL), M. Devlin (LANL), R. Vogt (LLNL), and J. Randrup (LBNL) for their collaboration to this research. This work was funded in-part by the under Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration award number DE- NA M. J. Marcath is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Nuclear Nonproliferation International Safeguards Graduate Fellowship Program sponsored by the National Nuclear Security Administration s Office of Nonproliferation and International Security. 14
15 15 Cf-252 spontaneous fission prompt neutron and photon correlations M. J. Marcath 1,*, P. Schuster 1, P. Talou 2, I. Stetcu 2, T. Kawano 2, M. Devlin 2, R. C. Haight 2, R. Vogt 3,4, J. Randrup 5, S. D. Clarke 1, S. A. Pozzi 1 mmarcath@umich.edu 1 Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 2 Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA 3 Physics Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA 4 Physics Department, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA 5 Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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