Ultrashort laser applications
|
|
- Gabriel Jeffrey Elliott
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Ultrashort laser applications Prof. Dr. Cleber R. Mendonça Instituto de Física de São Carlos Universidade de São Paulo
2 University of Sao Paulo - Brazil students ~ undergrad grad. Sao Carlos Sao Paulo Piracicaba Santos Lorena Bauru Pirassunga Ribeirao Preto São Carlos
3 University of Sao Paulo, Sao Carlos
4 Sao Carlos Institute of Physics Professors: 97 Employers: 185 (technical and administration) Students: ~ 600 (undergrad) ~ 70 (grade Several research areas in Physics and Material Sciences
5 Photonics Groups research areas nonlinear spectroscopy of organic materials and inorganic materials novel methods in nonlinear optics control of light matter interaction by pulse shaping fs-laser microfabrication and micromachining
6 Summary Class #1 Introduction nonlinear optics Overview on ultrashort pulses Overview on Nonlinear Optics and light-mater interaction Class # Nonlinear Spectroscopy and fs-laser microfabrication Applications in nonlinear spectroscopy Applications in microfabrication
7 Laser pulse U.S.S Entreprise NCC-1701-E Length: m Width: 50.6 m Height: 88. m Lenght of light pulse: l ~ 15 m T = l/c = 50 ns
8 Laser pulse Death star diameter 10 Km Lenght of light pulse: l ~ 3 Km T = l/c = 10 s
9 Pulsed pumping: pulses on the order ~ µs Exciting (pumping) the laser medium with a short-pulse flash lamp (~1 µs) yields a reasonably short pulse. I(t) Long and complex pulse - this yields a pulse as long as the excited-state lifetime of the medium, which can be considerably longer than the pump pulse. - solid-state laser media have lifetimes in the µs; thus pulses are in the microseconds to milliseconds range.
10 Laser intensity Cavity Gain Cavity Loss (%) Q-switching: pulses on the order ~ ns 100 Q-switching principle: 0 t Preventing lasing (by introducing high loss) until the flash lamp finishes excitation Abruptly allowing the laser to lase. t The pulse duration is limited by how fast one can switch the round-trip time of the laser usually allows pulses ns t
11 Mode-locking: short pulses Locking the phases of the laser modes (frequencies) Intensity vs. time no pulse Time Intensity vs. time Ultrashort pulse! Time
12 continuous wave ultrashort pulses A constant and a delta-function are a Fourier-Transform pair Irradiance vs. time Spectrum Continuous wave: time frequency Ultrashort pulse: time frequency
13 short and long pulses The Fourier transform (uncertainty) principle: Intensity vs. time Spectrum Long pulse time frequency Short pulse time frequency
14 Laser power Media for ultrashort lasers Solid-state laser media have broad bandwidths
15 Dispersion Given the broad spectral band, dispersion is critical in ultrafast optics. Dispersion: dependence of the refractive index on wavelength. Two effects on a pulse (one in space and the other in time) Angular dispersion disperses a beam in space (angle): Group-velocity dispersion (GVD) disperses a pulse in time: v g (blue) < v g (red)
16 Ti:sapphire laser cristal Ti:safira Duration from fs.
17 Time scale of ultrashort pulses 1 fs = s
18 introduction how short is a femtosecond pulse?
19 Microfabrication Ti:Sapphire lasers 100 fs 50 fs 0 fs Very intense light Laser intensities ~ 100 GW/cm 1 x W/cm Laser pointer: 1 mw/cm (1 x10-3 W/ cm )
20 fs-laser micromachining Ti:Sapphire lasers 100 fs 50 fs 0 fs Very intense light
21 Nonlinear Optics Study of optical phenomena that occur when very intense light is used Nonlinear constitutive relationship P 0 ( E) E laser Optical properties Intensity Low frequency range (193) B ( H) H Nonlinear relationship between the field and the magnetic induction (solenoids and transformers) Saturation of of popoluation in spin levels in Magnetic Resonance (1948) Saturation of luminesncen in dyes (1941)
22 Nonlinear Optics 1961 Second Harmonic Generation P.A. Franken, et al, Physical Review Letters 7, p. 118 (1961) Peter A. Franken Birth of nonlinear optics as a separated area in optics
23 Nonlinear Optics One of the pioneers in nonlinear optics General formulation of nonlinear optical processes Nicolaas Bloembergen Nonline effects can be described in termos of classic eletromagnetism, with nonlinear susceptibilities included in the constitutive relationships Semiclassical treatments for nonlinear susceptibilities
24 Light-matter interaction: linear optics Lorentz Model harmonic oscillator Hendrik A. Lorentz k E 0 E e it m E << E inter. m d x dt dx m dt m x 0 ee with 0 k m
25 Steady state solution: electron oscilates with excitation frequency t i e x t x 0 ) ( ) ( 1 E i m e x with Thus, the oscillating dipole is given by t i e E i m e t x e t p 0 0 ) ( 1 ) ( ) ( Light-matter interaction: linear optics
26 The polarization can be written as N : dipoles density ) ( ) ( 1 ) ( ) ( 0 0 t E E i m Ne t Np t P Linear response With the suceptibility given by complex quantity i m Ne ) ( 1 ~ 0 0 Light-matter interaction: linear optics
27 Light-matter interaction: linear optics therefore, the complex index of refraction is written as n~ 1 1 ~ 1 ~... n i n are the Real and Imaginary parts of the complex index of refraction refraction absorption c n Re[~ ] Im ~
28 0 0 0 ) ( ) ( ) ( 1 m Ne n 0 0 ) ( ) ( ) ( m Ne Dispersion of n and n and do not depend on the light intensity Light-matter interaction: linear optics
29 Light-matter interaction: nonlinear optics high light intensities E rad. ~ E inter. How high should the light intensity be?
30 Light-matter interaction: nonlinear optics Inter-atomic electric field cw laser e = C r ~ 4 Å P w P = 0 W I w o = 0 m I = W/m 0 E ~ V/cm E o = V/cm
31 Light-matter interaction: nonlinear optics Inter-atomic electric field pulsed laser I = 100 GW/cm = W/m e = C r ~ 4 Å E ~ V/cm E o = V/cm
32 Light-matter interaction: nonlinear optics Perturbative nonlinear optics E ~ V/cm I ~ 100 GW/cm Extreme nonlinear optics (non perturbative) E ~ V/cm I ~ TW/cm
33 Light-matter interaction: nonlinear optics high intensities k E rad. ~ E inter. m anharmonic oscillator m d x dt dx m dt m x 0 max ee anharmonic term
34 Light-matter interaction: nonlinear optics In the equation of motion one considers in which a characterizes the anharmonicity (nonlinearity) The corresponding potential is given by Non-centresymmetric media
35 Light-matter interaction: nonlinear optics To solve the anharmonic oscillator Under the action of a field Assuming a x << 0 x Perturbative method The solution can be written as x x (1) x () x (3)...
36 Light-matter interaction: nonlinear optics The first order soluion x (1) is obtained by making a = 0 Whose solution we already know with x (1) e E0 ( ) m ( ) 0 i Then x (1) ( t) e m E D( ) D( ) ( ) 0 i
37 Light-matter interaction: nonlinear optics The second order solution x () is obtained by Using the results for x (1) we have Whose solution is with Then
38 Light-matter interaction: nonlinear optics For the monochromatic case, the polarization is given by from where we find P Nex Ne( x (1) x ()...) P N e / m) D( ) ( E E 3 N( e / m D() D ) a ( )... (1) 0 () 0 First and second order susceptibilities Therefore, the indiuced polarization induced inthe material is given by P (1) () 0 E 0 E...
39 Light-matter interaction: nonlinear optics Considering a more generic applied field In the anharmonic oscillator It can be seen that will present frequence components as Generating therefore, responses on such frequencies
40 Nonlinear optical response anharmonic oscillator hihg intensities E rad. ~ E inter. m d x dt dx m dt m x 0 max ee k m Hendrik A. Lorentz P Nonlinear polarization (1) () (3) 3 0( E E E...)
41 Light matter interaction: nonlinear optics nonlinear wave equation left right Light propagation in vacuum Matter-light interaction
42 Nonlinear optics Different terms in the nonlinear expansion of the polarization will be responsible for different nonlinear optical effects linear processes SHG THG Kerr effect
43 Second-order nonlinearities First we will study the nonlinear optical effects related to () starting from a more general description described in greater detail
44 Second-harmonic generation Lets consider the process of second-harmonic generation (SHG) where a laser beam described by impinges a crystal with () 0 The nonlinear polarization that is created in the crystal is described by which can be explicitly written as according to the driven wave equation Optical rectification (static electric field) Generation of radiation at the second harmonic frequency
45 Second-harmonic generation First demonstration of second-harmonic generation P.A. Franken, et al, Physical Review Letters 7, p. 118 (1961)
46 Second-harmonic generation Second Harmonic Generation in nonlinear crystals = 1064nm = 53nm observe that the crystal is transparent at both, and
47 Second-harmonic generation One common use of SHG is to convert IR light to visible, such as for example for Nd:YAG lasers Under proper experimental conditions, SHG can be so efficient that nearly all the incident power () is converted to second harmonic ()
48 Serious second-harmonic generation Frequency-doubling KDP crystals at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory These crystals convert as much as 80% of the input light to its second harmonic. Additional crystals produce the third harmonic with similar efficiency!
49 Second-harmonic generation SHG can be visualized considering the interaction in terms of the exchange of photons between the various frequencies components of the field. two photons are destroyed and one at is created. Energy conservation holds for SHG E ω = 1E ω
50 Sum- and difference-frequency generation Suppose there are two different-color beams present: Using the second order contribution to the nonlinear polarization we find the nonlinear polarization given by
51 Sum-frequency generation The nonlinear polarization describing sum-frequency generation is given by the expression SFG is analogous to SHG, except that in this case the input beams are at different frequencies can be used to produce tunable radiation in the ultraviolet spectral region
52 Difference-frequency generation The difference-frequency generation is described by the nonlinear polarization DFG can be used to produce tunable IR radiation, by mixing tunable visible laser with a fixed frequency visible one For every photon 3 created a higher energy photon 1 is destroyed (input) a lower input frequency is created
53 Nonlinear optical response For centresymmetric materials (U(x) = U(-x)) That can be written as (1) (3) 3 P 0( E E...) P P (1) P (3) (1) (3) 0( I) E 0 ef E defining the effective susceptibility as ef (1) (3) I In such case, the refractive indes is given by ~ (3 ) (1) n 1 ef 1 ( I)
54 Nonlinear optical response For low dense optical media 1 1 ( ~ (1) (3) n I) Taking Real and Imaginary parts n~ n i n 1 ( 1 1 Re ~ ~ 1) (3) Re I 1 Im ~ 1 1) (3) Im I ( ~ n n 0 ni 0 I
55 Nonlinear optical response Third order processes: (3) ~ ( 3) Re ~ ~ (3) i Im (3) Nonlinear refraction n n 0 ni Nonlinear absorption 0 I n Re ~ (3) Im (3) self phase modulation lens-like effect two-photon absorption
56 Absorption cross-section N I N N 0 h I N h N 0 Two-photon absorption crosssection [cm 4 s] I 0 Considering the total absorption We can find the absorption cross-section The excitation rate is given by h I R 0 h I N h h I N R Two-photon absorption
57 Two-photon absorption Theoretically described in 1931 Tese de Doutorado U. de Göttingen "Über Elementarakte mit zwei Quantensprüngen Annals of Physics 9 (3): Maria Goeppert-Mayer Semi-classic treatment Two-photons are simultaneously absorbed in the same quantum act, promoting the molecule to an excited state with energy equivalent to the two photons absorbed.
58 Two-photon absorption: perturbation theory From the Schrödinger eq. With the Hamiltonian given by and where o is the Hamiltonian of the free atom with and assuming a monochromatic field
59 Two-photon absorption: perturbation theory The Schrödinger eq. in the presence of a time dependent potential whose solution can be written as Free atom solution Ĥ 0 with which substituted in the Schrödinger eq. leads to with e
60 Two-photon absorption: perturbation theory In order to solve this equation we used the perturbation method such that we have the following set of equations
61 Two-photon absorption: perturbation theory Linear absorption N = 1 Wihtout the field the system is at the ground state g Representing V mg as Thus, the eq. for is that results in
62 Linear absorption The probability of the atom be in a state m in at time t Since we have a distributions of transition frequencies m mg g line shape in this case
63 Linear absorption The transition rate for linear absoption is which is usually defined in terms of the absorption cross-section with
64 Two-photons absorption Two-photon absorption N = 1 and N = to obtain First we find which is used in the right hand side of the eq. wiht N = already known from linear absorption using
65 Two-photons absorption In this case, the convention for the representation of the various levels is illustrated in the diagram Therefore, we write
66 Two-photons absorption which results in for the two-photon absorption process Then, the probability of the atom being in a state n at a given time t Considering a line width for the final state we have
67 Two-photons absorption The transition rate for two-photon absorption is which in terms of the two-photon absorption cross-section with
68 Multi-photon absorption We can generalize the results to higher order processes ~ I 1 photon absorption ~ I photons absorption ~ I 3 3 photons absorption ~ I 4 4 photons absorption
69 Two-photons absorption 1961 Kaiser e Garrett: Excitação por absorção de dois fótons
70 For a copy of this presentaion presentations
71 photonics USP
72 photonics IFSC
73 fotonica USP
74 For a copy of this presentaion presentations
75 The end
Introduction to Nonlinear Optics
Introduction to Nonlinear Optics Prof. Cleber R. Mendonca http://www.fotonica.ifsc.usp.br Outline Linear optics Introduction to nonlinear optics Second order nonlinearities Third order nonlinearities Two-photon
More informationWinter College on Optics and Energy February Optical nonlinearities in organic materials
2132-41 Winter College on Optics and Energy 8-19 February 2010 Optical nonlinearities in organic materials C.R. Mendonca University of Sao Paulo Brazil Optical nonlinearities in organic materials Prof.
More informationCoherent control of light matter interaction
UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO Instituto de Física de São Carlos Coherent control of light matter interaction Prof. Dr. Cleber Renato Mendonça Photonic Group University of São Paulo (USP), Institute of Physics
More informationClass 1. Introduction to Nonlinear Optics
Class 1 Introduction to Nonlinear Optics Prof. Cleber R. Mendonca http://www.fotonica.ifsc.usp.br for a copy of this presentation www.fotonica.ifsc.usp.br ifsc presentations Outline Linear optics Introduction
More informationFemtosecond laser microfabrication in. Prof. Dr. Cleber R. Mendonca
Femtosecond laser microfabrication in polymers Prof. Dr. Cleber R. Mendonca laser microfabrication focus laser beam on material s surface laser microfabrication laser microfabrication laser microfabrication
More informationMicrofabricação em materiais poliméricos usando laser de femtossegundos
Microfabricação em materiais poliméricos usando laser de femtossegundos Prof. Cleber R. Mendonça http://www.fotonica.ifsc.usp.br University of Sao Paulo - Brazil students 77.000 52.000 undergrad. 25.000
More informationFemtosecond laser applied to biophotonics. Prof. Cleber R. Mendonca
Femtosecond laser applied to biophotonics Prof. Cleber R. Mendonca introduction short pulse duration ö high intensity (even at low energy) introduction how short is a femtosecond pulse? 1fs= 10-15 s introduction
More informationThe Generation of Ultrashort Laser Pulses
The Generation of Ultrashort Laser Pulses The importance of bandwidth More than just a light bulb Two, three, and four levels rate equations Gain and saturation But first: the progress has been amazing!
More informationTime resolved optical spectroscopy methods for organic photovoltaics. Enrico Da Como. Department of Physics, University of Bath
Time resolved optical spectroscopy methods for organic photovoltaics Enrico Da Como Department of Physics, University of Bath Outline Introduction Why do we need time resolved spectroscopy in OPV? Short
More informationNonlinear optics spectroscopy in glasses doped with nanoparticles
Nonlinear optics spectroscopy in glasses doped with nanoparticles Juliana Mara Pinto de Almeida 1, Luciana R. P. Kassab, Cleber R. Mendonça 1 and Leonardo De Boni 1 1 Instituto de Física de São Carlos,
More informationFundamentals of Spectroscopy for Optical Remote Sensing. Course Outline 2009
Fundamentals of Spectroscopy for Optical Remote Sensing Course Outline 2009 Part I. Fundamentals of Quantum Mechanics Chapter 1. Concepts of Quantum and Experimental Facts 1.1. Blackbody Radiation and
More information4. The interaction of light with matter
4. The interaction of light with matter The propagation of light through chemical materials is described by a wave equation similar to the one that describes light travel in a vacuum (free space). Again,
More informationNonlinear Optics (NLO)
Nonlinear Optics (NLO) (Manual in Progress) Most of the experiments performed during this course are perfectly described by the principles of linear optics. This assumes that interacting optical beams
More informationLecture on: Multiphoton Physics. Carsten Müller
Lecture on: Multiphoton Physics Carsten Müller Institut für Theoretische Physik I, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg IMPRS-QD Annual Event, MPIK, Heidelberg,
More informationLaser Physics OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS SIMON HOOKER COLIN WEBB. and. Department of Physics, University of Oxford
Laser Physics SIMON HOOKER and COLIN WEBB Department of Physics, University of Oxford OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 The laser 1.2 Electromagnetic radiation in a closed cavity 1.2.1
More informationEngineering Medical Optics BME136/251 Winter 2017
Engineering Medical Optics BME136/251 Winter 2017 Monday/Wednesday 2:00-3:20 p.m. Beckman Laser Institute Library, MSTB 214 (lab) Teaching Assistants (Office hours: Every Tuesday at 2pm outside of the
More informationGrading. Class attendance: (1 point/class) x 9 classes = 9 points maximum Homework: (10 points/hw) x 3 HW = 30 points maximum
Grading Class attendance: (1 point/class) x 9 classes = 9 points maximum Homework: (10 points/hw) x 3 HW = 30 points maximum Maximum total = 39 points Pass if total >= 20 points Fail if total
More informationAdvanced Vitreous State The Physical Properties of Glass
Advanced Vitreous State The Physical Properties of Glass Active Optical Properties of Glass Lecture 20: Nonlinear Optics in Glass-Fundamentals Denise Krol Department of Applied Science University of California,
More informationCrystals NLO Crystals LBO
Crystals NLO Crystals LBO Introduction Lithium triborate (LiB 3 O 5 or LBO) has the following exceptional properties that make it a very important nonlinear crystal: LBO has following advance: absorption:
More informationLast Lecture. Overview and Introduction. 1. Basic optics and spectroscopy. 2. Lasers. 3. Ultrafast lasers and nonlinear optics
Last Lecture Overview and Introduction 1. Basic optics and spectroscopy. Lasers 3. Ultrafast lasers and nonlinear optics 4. Time-resolved spectroscopy techniques Jigang Wang, Feb, 009 Today 1. Spectroscopy
More informationCHAPTER 7 SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT WORK AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE WORK
161 CHAPTER 7 SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT WORK AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE WORK 7.1 SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT WORK Nonlinear optical materials are required in a wide range of important applications, such as optical
More information3.5x10 8 s/cm (c axis, 22 C, 1KHz) α x =11x10-6 / C, α y =9x10-6 / C, α z =0.6x10-6 / C
Potassium Titanyl Phosphate (KTiOPO 4 or KTP) KTP (or KTiOPO 4 ) crystal is a nonlinear optical crystal, which possesses excellent nonlinear and electro-optic properties. It has large nonlinear optical
More informationLecture 0. NC State University
Chemistry 736 Lecture 0 Overview NC State University Overview of Spectroscopy Electronic states and energies Transitions between states Absorption and emission Electronic spectroscopy Instrumentation Concepts
More informationLinear pulse propagation
Ultrafast Laser Physics Ursula Keller / Lukas Gallmann ETH Zurich, Physics Department, Switzerland www.ulp.ethz.ch Linear pulse propagation Ultrafast Laser Physics ETH Zurich Superposition of many monochromatic
More informationSupplementary Figure 1 Schematics of an optical pulse in a nonlinear medium. A Gaussian optical pulse propagates along z-axis in a nonlinear medium
Supplementary Figure 1 Schematics of an optical pulse in a nonlinear medium. A Gaussian optical pulse propagates along z-axis in a nonlinear medium with thickness L. Supplementary Figure Measurement of
More informationrequency generation spectroscopy Rahul N
requency generation spectroscopy Rahul N 2-11-2013 Sum frequency generation spectroscopy Sum frequency generation spectroscopy (SFG) is a technique used to analyze surfaces and interfaces. SFG was first
More informationLaserphysik. Prof. Yong Lei & Dr. Yang Xu. Fachgebiet Angewandte Nanophysik, Institut für Physik
Laserphysik Prof. Yong Lei & Dr. Yang Xu Fachgebiet Angewandte Nanophysik, Institut für Physik Contact: yong.lei@tu-ilmenau.de; yang.xu@tu-ilmenau.de Office: Heisenbergbau V 202, Unterpörlitzer Straße
More informationATOMIC AND LASER SPECTROSCOPY
ALAN CORNEY ATOMIC AND LASER SPECTROSCOPY CLARENDON PRESS OXFORD 1977 Contents 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Planck's radiation law. 1 1.2. The photoelectric effect 4 1.3. Early atomic spectroscopy 5 1.4. The postulates
More informationThe Generation of Ultrashort Laser Pulses II
The Generation of Ultrashort Laser Pulses II The phase condition Trains of pulses the Shah function Laser modes and mode locking 1 There are 3 conditions for steady-state laser operation. Amplitude condition
More informationOptical Spectroscopy of Advanced Materials
Phys 590B Condensed Matter Physics: Experimental Methods Optical Spectroscopy of Advanced Materials Basic optics, nonlinear and ultrafast optics Jigang Wang Department of Physics, Iowa State University
More informationElements of Quantum Optics
Pierre Meystre Murray Sargent III Elements of Quantum Optics Fourth Edition With 124 Figures fya Springer Contents 1 Classical Electromagnetic Fields 1 1.1 Maxwell's Equations in a Vacuum 2 1.2 Maxwell's
More informationAdvanced Vitreous State The Physical Properties of Glass
Advanced Vitreous State The Physical Properties of Glass Active Optical Properties of Glass Lecture 21: Nonlinear Optics in Glass-Applications Denise Krol Department of Applied Science University of California,
More informationModern Optical Spectroscopy
Modern Optical Spectroscopy With Exercises and Examples from Biophysics and Biochemistry von William W Parson 1. Auflage Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2006 Verlag C.H. Beck im Internet: www.beck.de
More informationExcited state absorption cross-section. section spectrum of Chlorophyll A
Excited state absorption cross-section section spectrum of Chlorophyll D. S. Corrêa, L. De Boni, F. J. Pavinatto, D. S. dos Santos Jr., and C. R. Mendonça* Instituto de Física de São Carlos - USP - São
More informationOPTI 511R: OPTICAL PHYSICS & LASERS
OPTI 511R: OPTICAL PHYSICS & LASERS Instructor: R. Jason Jones Office Hours: TBD Teaching Assistant: Robert Rockmore Office Hours: Wed. (TBD) h"p://wp.op)cs.arizona.edu/op)511r/ h"p://wp.op)cs.arizona.edu/op)511r/
More informationStudy on Bose-Einstein Condensation of Positronium
Study on Bose-Einstein Condensation of Positronium K. Shu 1, T. Murayoshi 1, X. Fan 1, A. Ishida 1, T. Yamazaki 1,T. Namba 1,S. Asai 1, K. Yoshioka 2, M. Kuwata-Gonokami 1, N. Oshima 3, B. E. O Rourke
More informationColor Center Production by Femtosecond-Pulse Laser Irradiation in Fluoride Crystals
ISSN 154-66X, Laser Physics, 26, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 331 335. MAIK Nauka /Interperiodica (Russia), 26. Original Text Astro, Ltd., 26. NONLINEAR OPTICS AND SPECTROSCOPY Color Center Production by Femtosecond-Pulse
More informationPotassium Titanyl Phosphate(KTiOPO 4, KTP)
Potassium Titanyl Phosphate(KTiOPO 4, KTP) Introduction Potassium Titanyl Phosphate (KTiOPO 4 or KTP) is widely used in both commercial and military lasers including laboratory and medical systems, range-finders,
More informationLecture 3: Optical Properties of Insulators, Semiconductors, and Metals. 5 nm
Metals Lecture 3: Optical Properties of Insulators, Semiconductors, and Metals 5 nm Course Info Next Week (Sept. 5 and 7) no classes First H/W is due Sept. 1 The Previous Lecture Origin frequency dependence
More informationLecture cycle: Spectroscopy and Optics
Lecture cycle: Spectroscopy and Optics Thu. 13:00-15:00 / Room 1.003 15.11.2017 (Staudinger) Mischa Bonn Light-matter interaction overview I 30.11.2017 Mischa Bonn Light-matter interaction overview II
More informationConstruction of a 100-TW laser and its applications in EUV laser, wakefield accelerator, and nonlinear optics
Construction of a 100-TW laser and its applications in EUV laser, wakefield accelerator, and nonlinear optics Jyhpyng Wang ( ) Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences Academia Sinica, Taiwan National
More informationLIST OF TOPICS BASIC LASER PHYSICS. Preface xiii Units and Notation xv List of Symbols xvii
ate LIST OF TOPICS Preface xiii Units and Notation xv List of Symbols xvii BASIC LASER PHYSICS Chapter 1 An Introduction to Lasers 1.1 What Is a Laser? 2 1.2 Atomic Energy Levels and Spontaneous Emission
More informationIntroduction to intense laser-matter interaction
Pohang, 22 Aug. 2013 Introduction to intense laser-matter interaction Chul Min Kim Advanced Photonics Research Institute (APRI), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) & Center for Relativistic
More informationNanocomposite photonic crystal devices
Nanocomposite photonic crystal devices Xiaoyong Hu, Cuicui Lu, Yulan Fu, Yu Zhu, Yingbo Zhang, Hong Yang, Qihuang Gong Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China Contents Motivation
More information1 Mathematical description of ultrashort laser pulses
1 Mathematical description of ultrashort laser pulses 1.1 We first perform the Fourier transform directly on the Gaussian electric field: E(ω) = F[E(t)] = A 0 e 4 ln ( t T FWHM ) e i(ω 0t+ϕ CE ) e iωt
More informationModel Answer (Paper code: AR-7112) M. Sc. (Physics) IV Semester Paper I: Laser Physics and Spectroscopy
Model Answer (Paper code: AR-7112) M. Sc. (Physics) IV Semester Paper I: Laser Physics and Spectroscopy Section I Q1. Answer (i) (b) (ii) (d) (iii) (c) (iv) (c) (v) (a) (vi) (b) (vii) (b) (viii) (a) (ix)
More informationOptical and Photonic Glasses. Lecture 37. Non-Linear Optical Glasses I - Fundamentals. Professor Rui Almeida
Optical and Photonic Glasses : Non-Linear Optical Glasses I - Fundamentals Professor Rui Almeida International Materials Institute For New Functionality in Glass Lehigh University Non-linear optical glasses
More informationChapter9. Amplification of light. Lasers Part 2
Chapter9. Amplification of light. Lasers Part 06... Changhee Lee School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul National Univ. chlee7@snu.ac.kr /9 9. Stimulated emission and thermal radiation The
More informationFigure 1 Relaxation processes within an excited state or the ground state.
Excited State Processes and Application to Lasers The technology of the laser (Light Amplified by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) was developed in the early 1960s. The technology is based on an understanding
More information12. Nonlinear optics I
1. Nonlinear optics I What are nonlinear-optical effects and why do they occur? Maxwell's equations in a medium Nonlinear-optical media Second-harmonic generation Conservation laws for photons ("Phasematching")
More informationLukas Gallmann. ETH Zurich, Physics Department, Switzerland Chapter 4b: χ (2) -nonlinearities with ultrashort pulses.
Ultrafast Laser Physics Lukas Gallmann ETH Zurich, Physics Department, Switzerland www.ulp.ethz.ch Chapter 4b: χ (2) -nonlinearities with ultrashort pulses Ultrafast Laser Physics ETH Zurich Contents Second
More informationIntroduction to Classical and Quantum FEL Theory R. Bonifacio University of Milano and INFN LNF
Introduction to Classical and Quantum FEL Theory R. Bonifacio University of Milano and INFN LNF Natal 2016 1 1 OUTLINE Classical SASE and spiking Semi-classical FEL theory: quantum purification Fully quantum
More informationModern optics Lasers
Chapter 13 Phys 322 Lecture 36 Modern optics Lasers Reminder: Please complete the online course evaluation Last lecture: Review discussion (no quiz) LASER = Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of
More informationPhys 2310 Fri. Dec. 12, 2014 Today s Topics. Begin Chapter 13: Lasers Reading for Next Time
Phys 2310 Fri. Dec. 12, 2014 Today s Topics Begin Chapter 13: Lasers Reading for Next Time 1 Reading this Week By Fri.: Ch. 13 (13.1, 13.3) Lasers, Holography 2 Homework this Week No Homework this chapter.
More informationNonlinear Optics (WiSe 2015/16) Lecture 12: January 15, 2016
Nonlinear Optics (WiSe 2015/16) Lecture 12: January 15, 2016 12 High Harmonic Generation 12.1 Atomic units 12.2 The three step model 12.2.1 Ionization 12.2.2 Propagation 12.2.3 Recombination 12.3 Attosecond
More informationModule 4 : Third order nonlinear optical processes. Lecture 28 : Inelastic Scattering Processes. Objectives
Module 4 : Third order nonlinear optical processes Lecture 28 : Inelastic Scattering Processes Objectives In this lecture you will learn the following Light scattering- elastic and inelastic-processes,
More informationPhys 2310 Mon. Dec. 4, 2017 Today s Topics. Begin supplementary material: Lasers Reading for Next Time
Phys 2310 Mon. Dec. 4, 2017 Today s Topics Begin supplementary material: Lasers Reading for Next Time 1 By Wed.: Reading this Week Lasers, Holography 2 Homework this Week No Homework this chapter. Finish
More informationELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY IN RUBIDIUM 85. Amrozia Shaheen
ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY IN RUBIDIUM 85 Amrozia Shaheen Electromagnetically induced transparency The concept of EIT was first given by Harris et al in 1990. When a strong coupling laser
More informationSupporting Online Material for
www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/331/6014/189/dc1 Supporting Online Material for Light-Induced Superconductivity in a Stripe-Ordered Cuprate D. Fausti,* R. I. Tobey, N. Dean, S. Kaiser, A. Dienst, M.
More informationWhat Makes a Laser Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation Main Requirements of the Laser Laser Gain Medium (provides the light
What Makes a Laser Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation Main Requirements of the Laser Laser Gain Medium (provides the light amplification) Optical Resonator Cavity (greatly increase
More informationOptical Storage and Surface Relief Gratings in Azo-Compounds
Optical Storage and Surface Relief Gratings in Azo-Compounds Cleber R. Mendonça University of São Paulo Instituto de Física de São Carlos Brazil Azoaromatic compounds photo-isomerization polymers guest
More informationLight and Matter. Thursday, 8/31/2006 Physics 158 Peter Beyersdorf. Document info
Light and Matter Thursday, 8/31/2006 Physics 158 Peter Beyersdorf Document info 3. 1 1 Class Outline Common materials used in optics Index of refraction absorption Classical model of light absorption Light
More informationSurvey on Laser Spectroscopic Techniques for Condensed Matter
Survey on Laser Spectroscopic Techniques for Condensed Matter Coherent Radiation Sources for Small Laboratories CW: Tunability: IR Visible Linewidth: 1 Hz Power: μw 10W Pulsed: Tunabality: THz Soft X-ray
More informationUltracold atoms and molecules
Advanced Experimental Techniques Ultracold atoms and molecules Steven Knoop s.knoop@vu.nl VU, June 014 1 Ultracold atoms laser cooling evaporative cooling BEC Bose-Einstein condensation atom trap: magnetic
More informationAdvanced Quantum Mechanics
Advanced Quantum Mechanics Rajdeep Sensarma sensarma@theory.tifr.res.in Quantum Dynamics Lecture #2 Recap of Last Class Schrodinger and Heisenberg Picture Time Evolution operator/ Propagator : Retarded
More informationMEFT / Quantum Optics and Lasers. Suggested problems Set 4 Gonçalo Figueira, spring 2015
MEFT / Quantum Optics and Lasers Suggested problems Set 4 Gonçalo Figueira, spring 05 Note: some problems are taken or adapted from Fundamentals of Photonics, in which case the corresponding number is
More informationOPTI 511R: OPTICAL PHYSICS & LASERS
OPTI 511R: OPTICAL PHYSICS & LASERS Instructor: R. Jason Jones Office Hours: Monday 1-2pm Teaching Assistant: Sam Nerenburg Office Hours: Wed. (TBD) h"p://wp.op)cs.arizona.edu/op)551r/ h"p://wp.op)cs.arizona.edu/op)551r/
More informationLasers and Electro-optics
Lasers and Electro-optics Second Edition CHRISTOPHER C. DAVIS University of Maryland III ^0 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Preface to the Second Edition page xv 1 Electromagnetic waves, light, and lasers 1
More informationLASERS. Amplifiers: Broad-band communications (avoid down-conversion)
L- LASERS Representative applications: Amplifiers: Broad-band communications (avoid down-conversion) Oscillators: Blasting: Energy States: Hydrogen atom Frequency/distance reference, local oscillators,
More informationOptics, Light and Lasers
Dieter Meschede Optics, Light and Lasers The Practical Approach to Modern Aspects of Photonics and Laser Physics Second, Revised and Enlarged Edition BICENTENNIAL.... n 4 '':- t' 1 8 0 7 $W1LEY 2007 tri
More informationNonlinear Optics. Second Editio n. Robert W. Boyd
Nonlinear Optics Second Editio n Robert W. Boyd Preface to the Second Edition Preface to the First Edition xiii xv 1. The Nonlinear Optical Susceptibility 1 1.1. Introduction to Nonlinear Optics 1 1.2.
More informationRaman and stimulated Raman spectroscopy of chlorinated hydrocarbons
Department of Chemistry Physical Chemistry Göteborg University KEN140 Spektroskopi Raman and stimulated Raman spectroscopy of chlorinated hydrocarbons WARNING! The laser gives a pulsed very energetic and
More informationChapter 13. Phys 322 Lecture 34. Modern optics
Chapter 13 Phys 3 Lecture 34 Modern optics Blackbodies and Lasers* Blackbodies Stimulated Emission Gain and Inversion The Laser Four-level System Threshold Some lasers Pump Fast decay Laser Fast decay
More informationDEVELOPMENT OF HIGH-POWER PICOSECOND FIBER-BASED ULTRAVIOLET SOURCE
MSc in Photonics Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) Universitat de Barcelona (UB) Institut de Ciències Fotòniques (ICFO) PHOTONICSBCN http://www.photonicsbcn.eu
More informationNonlinear Effects in Optical Fiber. Dr. Mohammad Faisal Assistant Professor Dept. of EEE, BUET
Nonlinear Effects in Optical Fiber Dr. Mohammad Faisal Assistant Professor Dept. of EEE, BUET Fiber Nonlinearities The response of any dielectric material to the light becomes nonlinear for intense electromagnetic
More informationvan Quantum tot Molecuul
10 HC10: Molecular and vibrational spectroscopy van Quantum tot Molecuul Dr Juan Rojo VU Amsterdam and Nikhef Theory Group http://www.juanrojo.com/ j.rojo@vu.nl Molecular and Vibrational Spectroscopy Based
More informationMultipulse Operation and Limits of the Kerr-Lens Mode-Locking Stability
IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS, VOL. 39, NO. 2, FEBRUARY 2003 323 Multipulse Operation and Limits of the Kerr-Lens Mode-Locking Stability Vladimir L. Kalashnikov, Evgeni Sorokin, and Irina T. Sorokina
More informationComputer Modelling and Numerical Simulation of the Solid State Diode Pumped Nd 3+ :YAG Laser with Intracavity Saturable Absorber
Copyright 2009 by YASHKIR CONSULTING LTD Computer Modelling and Numerical Simulation of the Solid State Diode Pumped Nd 3+ :YAG Laser with Intracavity Saturable Absorber Yuri Yashkir 1 Introduction The
More informationSurface Plasmon Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. By: Jonathan Massey-Allard Graham Zell Justin Lau
Surface Plasmon Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation By: Jonathan Massey-Allard Graham Zell Justin Lau Surface Plasmons (SPs) Quanta of electron oscillations in a plasma. o Electron gas in
More informationNonlinear Refraction Spectroscopy
UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO Instituto de Física de São Carlos Nonlinear Refraction Spectroscopy of Ion Doped Laser Materials Tomaz Catunda Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo São
More information(Introduction) Linear Optics and Nonlinear Optics
18. Electro-optics (Introduction) Linear Optics and Nonlinear Optics Linear Optics The optical properties, such as the refractive index and the absorption coefficient are independent of light intensity.
More informationLaser Types Two main types depending on time operation Continuous Wave (CW) Pulsed operation Pulsed is easier, CW more useful
What Makes a Laser Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation Main Requirements of the Laser Laser Gain Medium (provides the light amplification) Optical Resonator Cavity (greatly increase
More informationUnit-2 LASER. Syllabus: Properties of lasers, types of lasers, derivation of Einstein A & B Coefficients, Working He-Ne and Ruby lasers.
Unit-2 LASER Syllabus: Properties of lasers, types of lasers, derivation of Einstein A & B Coefficients, Working He-Ne and Ruby lasers. Page 1 LASER: The word LASER is acronym for light amplification by
More informationAr and Kr ion lasers
Types of Lasers Ar and Kr ion lasers Nd:YAG and Nd:YLF lasers CO 2 lasers Excimer lasers Dye lasers Transition metal lasers Optical parametric amplification Ar and Kr ion lasers Noble gas ions are created
More informationOPTI510R: Photonics. Khanh Kieu College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona Meinel building R.626
OPTI510R: Photonics Khanh Kieu College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona kkieu@optics.arizona.edu Meinel building R.626 Announcements HW #5 due today April 11 th class will be at 2PM instead of
More informationBroadband Nonlinear Frequency Conversion
Broadband Nonlinear Frequency Conversion Haim Suchowski, Barry D. Bruner, Ady Arie and Yaron Silberberg 36 OPN Optics & Photonics News 1047-6938/10/09/0036/6-$15.00 OSA www.osa-opn.org There is growing
More informationJRE Group of Institutions ASSIGNMENT # 1 Special Theory of Relativity
ASSIGNMENT # 1 Special Theory of Relativity 1. What was the objective of conducting the Michelson-Morley experiment? Describe the experiment. How is the negative result of the experiment interpreted? 2.
More informationγ c = rl = lt R ~ e (g l)t/t R Intensität 0 e γ c t Zeit, ns
There is however one main difference in this chapter compared to many other chapters. All loss and gain coefficients are given for the intensity and not the amplitude and are therefore a factor of 2 larger!
More informationLiquid Crystals IAM-CHOON 1(1100 .,4 WILEY 2007 WILEY-INTERSCIENCE A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION. 'i; Second Edition. n z
Liquid Crystals Second Edition IAM-CHOON 1(1100.,4 z 'i; BICENTCNNIAL 1 8 0 7 WILEY 2007 DICENTENNIAL n z z r WILEY-INTERSCIENCE A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION Contents Preface xiii Chapter 1.
More informationEXTREME ULTRAVIOLET AND SOFT X-RAY LASERS
Chapter 7 EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET AND SOFT X-RAY LASERS Hot dense plasma lasing medium d θ λ λ Visible laser pump Ch07_00VG.ai The Processes of Absorption, Spontaneous Emission, and Stimulated Emission Absorption
More informationLecture 21 Reminder/Introduction to Wave Optics
Lecture 1 Reminder/Introduction to Wave Optics Program: 1. Maxwell s Equations.. Magnetic induction and electric displacement. 3. Origins of the electric permittivity and magnetic permeability. 4. Wave
More informationTechnique of the experiment
Chapter. Technique of the experiment Chapter. Technique of the experiment.1 Laser system used for photomodifications of Ag nanoparticles. The experiments presented in this work were curried out using a
More informationHighly Nonlinear Fibers and Their Applications
1/32 Highly Nonlinear Fibers and Their Applications Govind P. Agrawal Institute of Optics University of Rochester Rochester, NY 14627 c 2007 G. P. Agrawal Introduction Many nonlinear effects inside optical
More informationLecture 25. atomic vapor. One determines how the response of the medium to the probe wave is modified by the presence of the pump wave.
Optical Wave Mixing in o-level Systems () Saturation Spectroscopy setup: strong pump + δ eak probe Lecture 5 atomic vapor δ + measure transmission of probe ave One determines ho the response of the medium
More informationCHEM6416 Theory of Molecular Spectroscopy 2013Jan Spectroscopy frequency dependence of the interaction of light with matter
CHEM6416 Theory of Molecular Spectroscopy 2013Jan22 1 1. Spectroscopy frequency dependence of the interaction of light with matter 1.1. Absorption (excitation), emission, diffraction, scattering, refraction
More informationDoctor of Philosophy
FEMTOSECOND TIME-DOMAIN SPECTROSCOPY AND NONLINEAR OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF IRON-PNICTIDE SUPERCONDUCTORS AND NANOSYSTEMS A Thesis Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy IN THE FACULTY OF SCIENCE
More informationNonlinear Electrodynamics and Optics of Graphene
Nonlinear Electrodynamics and Optics of Graphene S. A. Mikhailov and N. A. Savostianova University of Augsburg, Institute of Physics, Universitätsstr. 1, 86159 Augsburg, Germany E-mail: sergey.mikhailov@physik.uni-augsburg.de
More informationPHY410 Optics Exam #3
PHY410 Optics Exam #3 NAME: 1 2 Multiple Choice Section - 5 pts each 1. A continuous He-Ne laser beam (632.8 nm) is chopped, using a spinning aperture, into 500 nanosecond pulses. Compute the resultant
More informationDiagnostics of Filamentation in Laser Materials with Fluorescent Methods
Diagnostics of Filamentation in Laser Materials with Fluorescent Methods A.V. Kuznetsov, E.F. Martynovich Irkutsk Branch of Institute of Laser Physics SB RAS Lermontov st. 130a, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
More informationTentative Schedule: Date, Place & Time Topics Sep.4 (Mo) No classes Labor Day Holiday Exam 1 Exam 2 Over Chapters 4-6
Tentative Schedule: Date, Place & Time Topics 1 Aug. 8 (Mo) 394; 5:00-6:15 Introduction, Spontaneous and Stimulated Transitions (Ch. 1) Lecture Notes Aug. 30 (We) 394; 5:00-6:15 Spontaneous and Stimulated
More information